7.1 Main Endocrine Glands and Hormone Types Flashcards
What are target cells
The cells that respond to a given extracellular messenger
Explain the mechanism of histamine, including what type of messaging is involved
- Paracrine messaging
- Secreted by mast cells
- Vasodilation
- Increases blood vessel permeability to WBCs
What is the name of neurotransmitters that are carried in the blood?
Neurohormones
List two scientists responsible for the discovery of hormones
- Arnold Berthold
- Charles Brown-Sequard
What are central and peripheral endocrine glands?
Central: in brain
Peripheral: outside of brain
List two organs that have both endocrine and exocrine functions
- Pancreas
- Stomach
What is the most common hormone type?
Peptide hormones
What is stimulus secretion coupling?
The sequence of events that link a stimulus to a response (in this case, a secretion)
What type of peptide hormone leaves the endoplasmic reticulum? What is it modified to, and where?
ER: Preprohormone
Golgi Body: Prohormone -> hormone
In what cellular structure are steroid hormone produced? Where in the body?
- Smooth ER
- Gonads, adrenal gland, placenta
What are steroid hormones produced from?
Cole Esterol
What neurohormones are considered catecholamines?
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
- Dopamine
How many tyrosine residues in a thyroid hormone molecule? What ions are added to the molecule?
- Two tyrosine residues
- Iodination makes molecules have different properties from classical amines
What is melatonin derived from?
Tryptophan (think: depression yoghurt)
Why does it make sense that catecholamines are hydrophilic and thyroid hormones are hydrophobic?
Thyroid hormones have larger hydrocarbon structure
