7.1 Main Endocrine Glands and Hormone Types Flashcards
What are target cells
The cells that respond to a given extracellular messenger
Explain the mechanism of histamine, including what type of messaging is involved
- Paracrine messaging
- Secreted by mast cells
- Vasodilation
- Increases blood vessel permeability to WBCs
What is the name of neurotransmitters that are carried in the blood?
Neurohormones
List two scientists responsible for the discovery of hormones
- Arnold Berthold
- Charles Brown-Sequard
What are central and peripheral endocrine glands?
Central: in brain
Peripheral: outside of brain
List two organs that have both endocrine and exocrine functions
- Pancreas
- Stomach
What is the most common hormone type?
Peptide hormones
What is stimulus secretion coupling?
The sequence of events that link a stimulus to a response (in this case, a secretion)
What type of peptide hormone leaves the endoplasmic reticulum? What is it modified to, and where?
ER: Preprohormone
Golgi Body: Prohormone -> hormone
In what cellular structure are steroid hormone produced? Where in the body?
- Smooth ER
- Gonads, adrenal gland, placenta
What are steroid hormones produced from?
Cole Esterol
What neurohormones are considered catecholamines?
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
- Dopamine
How many tyrosine residues in a thyroid hormone molecule? What ions are added to the molecule?
- Two tyrosine residues
- Iodination makes molecules have different properties from classical amines
What is melatonin derived from?
Tryptophan (think: depression yoghurt)
Why does it make sense that catecholamines are hydrophilic and thyroid hormones are hydrophobic?
Thyroid hormones have larger hydrocarbon structure
Do catecholamines interact with genes or secondary messengers?
Secondary messengers (can’t cross nuclear membrane; lipophobic)
Do thyroid hormones interact with genes or second messengers?
Genes (can cross nuclear membrane; lipophilic)
