use of fluoride in caries prevention Flashcards
how does fluoride prevent tooth decay
topically
- directly on the epruted tooth surface
systemically
- incorporated into the tooth structure during enamel mineralisation
effect of fluoride on apatite solubility
F- similar in size and charge to OH- in calcium hydroxyapatite
therefore can substitute and form calcium fluoraapitite
- lower soluble in acid, more resistant to demineralisation
effect of fluoride on ionic exchnae
fluoride acts as a catalyst fairing formation of hydroxyapatite during pH fluctuations
what happens when pH falls
outflow of mineral ions
demineralisaion
sources of fluoride
toothpaste
fluoride supplements
naturally in food
water supply
history of fluoride
colarado- highly stained teeth
Illinois - study between children with high/low fluoridated water and caries
fluoridation of Grand Rapids with control town
then fluoridation in UK
arguments for water fluoridation
cost effective
available to all
safe
proven to prevent carids
arguments against water fluoridation
mass medication
not same as naturally fluoridated water
health risks
only targets small proportion of population
what does too much floride lead to
denta fluorsisi
safe level of fluoride in water
1ppm
dental fluosis
white flecks, can stain teeth
increased porosity of surface or subsurface of enamel
excess fluoride
15mg/kg - death
5mg/kg in children requires emergency treatement
fluoride varnish
used on white spot lesions to arrest caries
topical effect
apply twice yearly
high fluoride toothpastses
2,800ppm or 5000ppm
16+ is 5
10+ 2800
prescription only
how much fluoride in in toothpasts
less than 3 - 1000ppm
3-6 - 1350-1500
all caries high risk children 1350-1500
