anatomy of head and neck 1 :) Flashcards
thyroid cartilage
adams apple
u shaped
cricoid thyroid membrane
membrane of connective tissue between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
hyoid bone
does not articulate with any other bones in the body
held in place by ligaments and muscles
cricoid cartilage
backwards facing signet ring
attatchments of thyroid cartilage
superioally - ligaments to hyoid
inferiorally - cricoid cartilage
what is the only complete cartilage ring in the respiratory tract
cricoid
which cartilage is above the other
thyroid is higher
typical cervical vertebrae
C4 small body transverse foramina to allow passage of vertebral arteries and viens biphid spinous processes verterbral foramen
atlas
has transverse ligament to hold axis
does not have a body
what movement does atlas and axis allow
pivot/rotation
nodding movement
what does atlas articulate with
occipital condyles on base of skull
what is different in children with axis
function of dens to atlas is incomplete - leads to dislocation of dens and spinal cord damage
muscles of the neck
digastric muscle
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
which is the largest muscle in the neck
sternocleidomastoid
what does each digastric muscle have
anterior and posterior bellies
attached by a tendon
where does the anterior belly attach
digastric body on inside of mandible body
back to hyoid bone
where does the posterior belly of digastric attach
mastoid notch forward to hyoid bone
actions of the digastric muscle
depresses mandible (opening mouth) elevates larynx (raises hyoid bone)
what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle have
two heads
sternal and clavicular
where does the sternocleicodmastoid muscle attach to
mastoid bone (process of temporal bone)
what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do
flexion of the neck
actions of trapezius
elevate clavical
extend neck
shrug shoulders
where is the trapezius found
extends from occipital bone to clavicle and scapula
how many triangles of the neck are there
4
2 anterior 2 posterior
posterior triangle of neck
base - clavical
anterior border - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
posterior border - anterior border of trapezius
anterior triangle of the neck
upside-down triangle
base - mandible
anterior border - anterior midline of neck to sternal notch
posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve
motor innovation to sternoclidomatoid and trapezius
where does the accessory nerve run
posterior border of sternocleidomastoid running along levator scapulae
testing for function of CN XI
turn head
shrug shoulders against resistance
function of levator scapulae
elevates scapula
function of supra hyoid muscles
elevate hyoid bone and larynx
allows mouth to open
function of infrahyoid muscles
depresses hyoid bone and larynx
what does the aorta spill into
brachiocephaglic, right subclavinc and common carotid
left CC and subclavain
what does the subclavian supply
oxygenated blood to the shoulders
down the arm
what does the common carotid branch into and where
C3/4
internal/external common caritod
what does the interior cc supply
brain
what branches off the external CC
superior thyroid artery to thyroid gland
what does the external CC supply
face and neck
what does the vertebral artery supply
brain
branch off subclavian
what do all the veins from the head drain back into
brachiocephalic veeins
formed from internal jugular and subclavian bran
what do the L and R brachiocephaglic veins form
superior vena cava
what does the interior jugular vein drain
superficial regions of face and neck
what does the external jugular veins drain
blood from temple and scalp
retromandibular vein
behind mandible
anterior and posterior branches
anterior joins to form internal JV
posteror hones with posterior auricular to form EJV
what do veins allow pathogenically
infection to spread from superficial to deep structures
carotid sheath
layer of facia in neck
houses IJV and CC
vagus nerve
where does the CC artery branch
c3/4
thyroid gland
wraps around trachea
formed by two main lobes joined by isthmus
what is the thyroid gland supplied by
superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical trunk
what type of gland is the thyroid gland
endocrine
emergency airway
in the cricothyroid membrane
tracheostomy tube inserted
