lymphatic drainage :) from pp Flashcards
lymphatic system
Network of lymphatic vessels which begin in peripheral tissues and end at connections to veins.
lymph
fluid simular to plasma
lymphoid organs
Connected to the lymphatic vessels and contain large numbers of lymphocytes.
functions of lymphatic system
- The production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
- The return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to the blood
- The distribution of hormones, nutrients, and waste products to the general circulation
lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic capillaries unite to form increasingly larger vessels
where do larger lymphatic vessels feed
into collecting ducts which empty into the venous system
what are larger lymphatic vessels interrupted by
lymph nodes
what do lymphatic vessels commonly occur in associated with
blood vessels
what are the two sets of lymphatic vessels that collect lymph from lympatic capillaries
superficial
deep
superficial lymphatic vessels
variabel distribution e.g. in subcutaneous deep layer to skin
deep lymphatic vessels
larger
more constant vessels that accompany deep arteries and veins supplying skeletal muscles and orgs
clinical importance of infection
infections often spread through lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes produce a response to the infection by enlarging
what do malignant cells often do
lose their desmosomal attachments to each other
where do malignant cells migrate
through lympatic vessels into lymph nodes where they form secondary growths
where do the lymphatic capillaries start
in the same regions are capillary beds
what is filtered through the nodes and what is in the nodes
lymph is filtered through the nodes
lymphocytes there
what are peripheral tissues bathed in
interstitial fluid
what happens at capillary beds
some liquid passes out from the plasma into the interstitial space
enters the lymphatic capillaries
what happens if there is a build up of interstitial fluid
regional swelling (odema)
what is also in the interstitial space
cells
what are the main collecting ducts
thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct
collects majority
collects from all vessels from the left side and below the diaphragm
path and start of the thoracic duct
lymphatic thinks form the cisterns chyli
travel up as the thoracic duct
drains at the junction between subclavian and jugular trunk on the left
right lymphatic trunk
drains the arm
head and neck
formed from right jugular and subclavian
what is in the lymphatic vessels
have valves to prevent lymph from flowing the wrong way
how is lymph moved in the system
via muscle contraction
compression of abdominals and breathing (thoracic duct)
what are the lymph nodes of the head and neck
pre auricular post auricular/mastoid occipital submental submandibular superficial cervical deep cervical
superficial cervical
chain of lymph nodes
along the external jugular vein
over the top of sternocleidomastoid
deep cervical
along the internal jugular vein
underneath/deep to sternocleidomastoid
what does the pre auricular drain
anterolateral scalp
eyelids
cheeks
what does the submental drain
central lower lip chin floor of mouth tip of tongue incisor teeth
what does the post auricular drain
posteriolateral scalp
what does the occipital drain
posterior scalp and neck
what does submandibular drian
face
gingivae
teeth
tongue
which nodes drain directly into the deep cervial nodes
pre auricular
submandibular
submentla
which nodes pass into the superficial nodes and then where next
occipital and post auricular
onto deep nodes
where do the deep cervial nodes go
form right and left jugular trunks
empty into the right lymphatic duct or thoracic
where does the majority of the oral cavity drain
into submandibular nodes
what drains into the submental
skin of lip
floor of mouth
incisors
what drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes within the intraoral
rear molars
soft palate
what can spread easily to the lymph nodes
oral squamous cell carcinoma
lymphatic drainage of the tongue - nodes
submental
submandibular
juglodigastric
juguloomohyoid
where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue drain
into juglodigrastric nodes (of the deep cervical chain)
where does the anterior 2/3 tongue drain
directly into the deep or
indirectly via submetall and submandibular
where does the tip of the tongue drain
submittal and then jugloomohyoid
what cervical nodes can be palapted and when
jugulo-omohyoid and juglodigastric
when enlarged
where is the juglodigastric found
intersection of the internal jugular vein and posterior belly of digastric
where is juglo omohyoid
near intermediate tendon of omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid runs over it
what is the midline raphe and where does it run
dense band of connective tissue
deficient at the tip ad posterior 1/3
what does the raphe form and what does this mean
impervious lymph barrier
lymph cannot diffuse accords the raphe
drainage of the tongue
bitalterla at tip and posterior 1/3
ipsilateral for remaining anterior 2/3
what is lymph node elangment known as
lymphadenopathy
malignant cells
atypical in appearance
lose their desmosomal attachments to each other and eCM
migrating cancer
through lympathic vessels into lymph nodes where they can form secondary growths (metastasis)
what happens if lymph node burst
can spread into near tissues
extra capsular spreading
