lymphatic drainage :) from pp

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

Network of lymphatic vessels which begin in peripheral tissues and end at connections to veins.

Question 2

lymph

Answer 2

fluid simular to plasma

Question 3

lymphoid organs

Answer 3

Connected to the lymphatic vessels and contain large numbers of lymphocytes.

Question 4

functions of lymphatic system

Answer 4

1. The production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
2. The return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to the blood
3. The distribution of hormones, nutrients, and waste products to the general circulation

Question 5

lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

Lymphatic capillaries unite to form increasingly larger vessels

Question 6

where do larger lymphatic vessels feed

Answer 6

into collecting ducts which empty into the venous system

Question 7

what are larger lymphatic vessels interrupted by

Answer 7

lymph nodes

Question 8

what do lymphatic vessels commonly occur in associated with

Answer 8

blood vessels

Question 9

what are the two sets of lymphatic vessels that collect lymph from lympatic capillaries

Answer 9

superficial

deep

Question 10

superficial lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

variabel distribution e.g. in subcutaneous deep layer to skin

Question 11

deep lymphatic vessels

Answer 11

larger

more constant vessels that accompany deep arteries and veins supplying skeletal muscles and orgs

Question 12

clinical importance of infection

Answer 12

infections often spread through lymphatic vessels

lymph nodes produce a response to the infection by enlarging

Question 13

what do malignant cells often do

Answer 13

lose their desmosomal attachments to each other

Question 14

where do malignant cells migrate

Answer 14

through lympatic vessels into lymph nodes where they form secondary growths

Question 15

where do the lymphatic capillaries start

Answer 15

in the same regions are capillary beds

Question 16

what is filtered through the nodes and what is in the nodes

Answer 16

lymph is filtered through the nodes

lymphocytes there

Question 17

what are peripheral tissues bathed in

Answer 17

interstitial fluid

Question 18

what happens at capillary beds

Answer 18

some liquid passes out from the plasma into the interstitial space
enters the lymphatic capillaries

Question 19

what happens if there is a build up of interstitial fluid

Answer 19

regional swelling (odema)

Question 20

what is also in the interstitial space

Answer 20

cells

Question 21

what are the main collecting ducts

Answer 21

thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct

Question 22

thoracic duct

Answer 22

collects majority

collects from all vessels from the left side and below the diaphragm

Question 23

path and start of the thoracic duct

Answer 23

lymphatic thinks form the cisterns chyli
travel up as the thoracic duct
drains at the junction between subclavian and jugular trunk on the left

Question 24

right lymphatic trunk

Answer 24

drains the arm
head and neck
formed from right jugular and subclavian

Question 25

what is in the lymphatic vessels

Answer 25

have valves to prevent lymph from flowing the wrong way

Question 26

how is lymph moved in the system

Answer 26

via muscle contraction | compression of abdominals and breathing (thoracic duct)

Question 27

what are the lymph nodes of the head and neck

Answer 27

``` pre auricular post auricular/mastoid occipital submental submandibular superficial cervical deep cervical ```

Question 28

superficial cervical

Answer 28

chain of lymph nodes along the external jugular vein over the top of sternocleidomastoid

Question 29

deep cervical

Answer 29

along the internal jugular vein | underneath/deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 30

what does the pre auricular drain

Answer 30

anterolateral scalp eyelids cheeks

Question 31

what does the submental drain

Answer 31

``` central lower lip chin floor of mouth tip of tongue incisor teeth ```

Question 32

what does the post auricular drain

Answer 32

posteriolateral scalp

Question 33

what does the occipital drain

Answer 33

posterior scalp and neck

Question 34

what does submandibular drian

Answer 34

face gingivae teeth tongue

Question 35

which nodes drain directly into the deep cervial nodes

Answer 35

pre auricular submandibular submentla

Question 36

which nodes pass into the superficial nodes and then where next

Answer 36

occipital and post auricular | onto deep nodes

Question 37

where do the deep cervial nodes go

Answer 37

form right and left jugular trunks | empty into the right lymphatic duct or thoracic

Question 38

where does the majority of the oral cavity drain

Answer 38

into submandibular nodes

Question 39

what drains into the submental

Answer 39

skin of lip floor of mouth incisors

Question 40

what drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes within the intraoral

Answer 40

rear molars | soft palate

Question 41

what can spread easily to the lymph nodes

Answer 41

oral squamous cell carcinoma

Question 42

lymphatic drainage of the tongue - nodes

Answer 42

submental submandibular juglodigastric juguloomohyoid

Question 43

where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue drain

Answer 43

into juglodigrastric nodes (of the deep cervical chain)

Question 44

where does the anterior 2/3 tongue drain

Answer 44

directly into the deep or | indirectly via submetall and submandibular

Question 45

where does the tip of the tongue drain

Answer 45

submittal and then jugloomohyoid

Question 46

what cervical nodes can be palapted and when

Answer 46

jugulo-omohyoid and juglodigastric | when enlarged

Question 47

where is the juglodigastric found

Answer 47

intersection of the internal jugular vein and posterior belly of digastric

Question 48

where is juglo omohyoid

Answer 48

near intermediate tendon of omohyoid | sternocleidomastoid runs over it

Question 49

what is the midline raphe and where does it run

Answer 49

dense band of connective tissue | deficient at the tip ad posterior 1/3

Question 50

what does the raphe form and what does this mean

Answer 50

impervious lymph barrier | lymph cannot diffuse accords the raphe

Question 51

drainage of the tongue

Answer 51

bitalterla at tip and posterior 1/3 | ipsilateral for remaining anterior 2/3

Question 52

what is lymph node elangment known as

Answer 52

lymphadenopathy

Question 53

malignant cells

Answer 53

atypical in appearance | lose their desmosomal attachments to each other and eCM

Question 54

migrating cancer

Answer 54

through lympathic vessels into lymph nodes where they can form secondary growths (metastasis)

Question 55

what happens if lymph node burst

Answer 55

can spread into near tissues | extra capsular spreading