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oral cavity - BDS 1 > normal periodontium :) > Flashcards

normal periodontium :) Flashcards

1
Q

components of the periodontoium

A

cementum
alveolar bone
PDL
gingivae

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2
Q

cementum

A

part of tooth but functions for PD support

acellular and cellular

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3
Q

alveolar bone

A

forms the tooth socket and attachment of PDL

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4
Q

PDL

A

connects cementum and protects other PD structures

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5
Q

diseases of the periodontium

A

gingivitis
- inflammation of gingiva
periodontitis
- inflammation of surrounding structres

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6
Q

what is the cerviz

A

where the head and neck meet

- where the tooth begins to narrow

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7
Q

what happens as the roots form

A

cementum and periodontal tissues develop from the dental follicle

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8
Q

what does the alveolar bone form from

A

existing basal components of maxilla/mandible and surrounds the roots as it forms

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9
Q

what produces the enamel on the crown

A

enamel organ

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10
Q

what is underneath the EO

A

dental papilla

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11
Q

what surrounds the EO and DP

A

dental follicle

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12
Q

what are the components of the cervial loop

A

external dental epithelium
internal dental epithelium
- in the region of the cervix

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13
Q

what happens as the cevcal loop grows deeper from th crown

A

grows into surrounding ectomesenchyme of dental follicle
encloses more of the DP as loop cell proliferates
forms Hertwigs epithelial root sheath
induces dentine formation

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14
Q

what is the dental follicle

A

mesenchymal cells surrodunding from the developing teeth

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15
Q

follicular cells of the DF are precursors to

A

fibroblasts
osteoblasts
cementoblasts

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16
Q

what does the epithelial root sheath do

A

secretes a hyaline later

- induces cementoblasts and fibroblasts to differentiate from dental follicle

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17
Q

where is the cervical loop found

A

lower part of the EO

- grows to form the roots of the teeth

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18
Q

what does breakdown of the epithelial root sheath lead to

A

production of a network

- allows the root dentine to contact the follcile

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19
Q

what is cementum

A

calcified connective tissue that covers root dentine

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20
Q

what inserts into the cementum

A

periodontal fibre bundles

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21
Q

what is cementum derived from

A

dental follicle (ectomesenchyme)

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22
Q

properties of cementum

A

softer than dentine and more permeable
55% HAP and 45% organic matrix
avascular, no innervation
non labile

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23
Q

types of cementum

A

acellular

cellular

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24
Q

acellular

A

occupies cervical and middle root of root
very thin layer
no cells
featureless (but faint lines of sharpens fibres)

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25
Q

cellular

A

occupies apical third of root (increases with age)
cementocytes in lacunae
forms more rapidly than acellular

26
Q

how do the cementycytes communicate in cellular cementum

A

communicate with each other through a network of canaliculi

27
Q

arrangement of the main fibres in cementum

A

from PDL embedded as sharpens fibres in the calcified martrix
- incorporated the cememtum (extrinsic)

28
Q

how are main fibres arranged in acellular cementum

A

closely packed

mainly calcified

29
Q

how are main collagen fibres arranged in cellular cementum

A

widely spaced

partially calcified

30
Q

other collagen fibres within cementum

A

dense irregular network within matrix (intrinsic i.e. within cementum tissue)
made by cementoblasts

31
Q

what does cementum provide

A

attachment for PDL fibres

- remains intact during orthodontics

32
Q

what is hypercementosis

A

excessive formation of cementum

33
Q

what causes hypercementois

A

hereditary

pagets disease

34
Q

what are small spherical masses on the PDL

A

cementicles

35
Q

what can cementum resorption occur due to

A 
excessive occlusal stress
orthodontic movement
pressure from tumours or cysts
Vit A/D deficiencies
metabolic disease
36
Q

what is ankylosis

A

where the PDL is lost

  • leads to stiffening of joint
  • fusion of cementum of roots to alveolar bone, tooth becomes fixed
37
Q

how is the root connected to alveolar bone

A

PDL

- supports tooth in socket and absorbs loads on tooth

38
Q

what do the cells of the PDL d

A

maintain and repair alveolar bone and cementum

39
Q

alveolar bone

A

parts of maxilla and mandible that form the tooth sockets and support teeth

40
Q

when does the alveolar bone erupt

A

only develops as tooth erupts

resorbed if teeth are lost/extracted

41
Q

when is the alveolar bone absent

A

in anodontia (no teeth)

42
Q

what does the alveolar bone consitis of

A

buccal and lingual cortical plates of compact bone (cancellous between plates)
cancellous bone is around the tooth forming the socket wall/inner cortical plate

43
Q

compact bone in alveolar bone

A

no hacersian systems

contains bundles of collagen from the PDL on internal aspect

44
Q

inner cortical plates

A

perforated
vascualar
has neural connections between the PDL and trabecular spaces

45
Q

bundle bone

A

collagen fibres of PDL insert into socket wall

46
Q

what does the inner cortical plate respond to and marked by

A

pressure -resportion
tension - doposition
marked by reversal lines

47
Q

what is the inner cortical bone also known as

A

bundle bone

48
Q

how does development of alveolar bone form

A

alveolar process forms label/buccal and lingual plates either side of the tooth organ

49
Q

where is interradicular bone found

A

in between roots of mutlirooted teeth

50
Q

what does alveolar bone respond to

A

mechanical stress and metabolic need for Ca and P

51
Q

types of tooth movement

A

pre eruptive movement
eruptive tooth movement
post eruptive movement

52
Q

how does bone remodelling occur

A

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

53
Q

what leads to eruption

A

due to growth factors released form dental follicle causing
- resorption of overlying bone to create eruption pathway
growth of alveolar bone

54
Q

what is needed to start alveolar bone formation

A

dental follicle secretes BMP 2 to induce osteoblasts

55
Q

how does exfoliation occur

A

pressure from underlying permanent tooth causes resprotio of dentine and cementum by osteoclasrs
loss of PDL (mobile tooth)
inflammation in ligament causes more resportion
monocytes invade coronal part of dental follicle and convert to osteoclasts to create pathway

56
Q

what happens after an eruption pathway is made for exfoliation

A

DF secretes
-CSF
- monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide 2
signal for secretion from stellate reticulum secreting
- TGF beta 1
- Interleukin 1a
basal part of DF stimulates alveolar bone growth providing the force moving tooth up (due to secretion of BMP2 stimulating osteoblast formation)

57
Q

pre eruptive tooth movemnt

A

made by tooth germs within the tissues of jaw before eruption

  • during crown formation
  • position changes with adjacent crowns and developing Md/Mx
  • all movements occur within the crypts before root formation
58
Q

eruptive tooth movment

A

made by a tooth from its position within the bone of jaw to its functional position in occlusion

59
Q

stages of eruptive tooth movemtn

A

root formation
movement through any crypt to oral mucosa
tip of crown penetrates though fused epithelial layers into the OC
intraoral occlusal movement of erupting tooth until contacts opposing crown

60
Q

what happens in root format of eruptive tooth movemtn

A

proliferation of epithelial root sheath, initiation of root dentine and formation of pulp tissues of the root

61
Q

what happens when teeth move to reach the oral epithelium during eruptive tooth movemtn

A

Reduced enamel epithelium contracts and fuses with oral epithelium
- a RE layer overlying the erupting crown arises from the REE

62
Q

post eruptive tooth movement

A

accommodate growing jaws
compensate for occlusal wear
accommodate inter proximal wear

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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