dissection

Question 1

what runs vertically across sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

external jugular vein

Question 2

what does the external jugular vein drain and where to

Answer 2

face and scalp

to subclviaun

Question 3

why does a valsalvas manoeuvre make the external jugular vein stand out

Answer 3

increases thracic pressure

venous return to heart is decreased

Question 4

what is likely to be on medical treatement if you can see the external jugular vein

Answer 4

congestive heart failure

Question 5

what happens to the EJV if patient reclines

Answer 5

more visible due to impaired venous return

Question 6

4 pairs of infra hyoid muscles

Answer 6

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thryohyoid
sternothyroid

Question 7

what do the infra hyoid muscle do

Answer 7

depress the hyoid bone

hold the hyoid bone so the suprahyids can depress he mandible

Question 8

what is the nerve supply for the infrahyoids

Answer 8

ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)

Question 9

where do arteries enter the thyroid gland

Answer 9

superior - poles of each lobe

inferior - posterior border

Question 10

where do the artieres for the thyroid gland arise from

Answer 10

superior
- external carotid
inferior
- subclavian

Question 11

what do the thyroid arteries also supply

Answer 11

superior thyroid arteries branches into
-hyoid
- sternocleidomastoid 
-superior laryngeal 
arteries

Question 12

what is left on removal or benign lesions affecting the gland

Answer 12

posterior regions so blood can still enter

Question 13

function of trapexisu

Answer 13

elevate retract and depress scapula

Question 14

function of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 14

flexion of neck

movement of face side to side/tilitng

Question 15

accessory nerve
type, where to
in and out of skull

Answer 15

CN XI
motor to SCM and trapezius
from C1-C4 in foramen magnum and out via jugular foramen

Question 16

what spinal nerves contribute to cervical plexus

Answer 16

c1-c4

Question 17

what do the other cervical spinal nerves contribute to

Answer 17

contribute to brachial plexus

Question 18

testing for accessory nerve function

Answer 18

shrug shoulders

turn head against resistance

Question 19

what supplies the larynx

Answer 19

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 20

divisions of trigeminla nerve

Answer 20

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Question 21

where do the branches of trigemnial exit on the face

Answer 21

v1- supraorbital foramen
v2- intraorbital formaren
v3- mental foramen

Question 22

what is the modilous

Answer 22

knot of non contracitile fibrous tissue (where orbicularis orgs and buccinators meet)

Question 23

where can facial arteries be felt

Answer 23

lower border of mandible, anterior to masseter

Question 24

why is the facial artery tortuous

Answer 24

elasticity lost in older arteries

Question 25

difference between veins in head ad neck vs elsewhere

Answer 25

lack valves | - therefore infection can spread from superficial to deep veins

Question 26

how do the deep and superficial drainages of the face connect

Answer 26

retromandibular vein comminate between the internal and external jugular vein

Question 27

where can you palpate the parotid duct

Answer 27

clench teeth | duct superficial to masster, below zygomatic arch

Question 28

where does the parotid duct open into the mouth

Answer 28

opposite upper secodnmolar

Question 29

what does the parotid duct pass through to reach the mouth

Answer 29

buccinator

Question 30

why is inflammation of the parotid painful

Answer 30

surrounded by fascia/capsule

Question 31

divisions of the facial nerve and what they supply

Answer 31

``` temporal- frontalis zygomatic - obicularis oculi buccal - buncinator and lip elevators mandibular - lip depressors cervical - platysma ```

Question 32

most common form of facial palsy

Answer 32

bells palsy

Question 33

effect of damage to peripheral motor nerve (short term(

Answer 33

flaccid paralysis

Question 34

test for integrity of facial nerve

Answer 34

exaggerated facial expression | taste on anterior 2/3 tomgue

Question 35

effect of interruption of facial nerve in parotid gland

Answer 35

loss of all 5 branches therefore paralysis to all muscles of facial expression

Question 36

where does the facial nerve enter and leave the skill

Answer 36

enters viat IAM | exit via stylomastoid foramen

Question 37

what if the facial nerve was damaged in the internal auditory meatus

Answer 37

loss of lacrimation | reduction in saliva production in sublingual and submandibular

Question 38

test for trigemnila nerves

Answer 38

sharp blunt test | protrusion of jaw - deviation to injured side

Question 39

what does the hypoglossal nerve supply

Answer 39

muscles of the tongue | expect for palatoglossus

Question 40

testing for hypoglossal

Answer 40

protrude tongue, dont deviate to opposite side

Question 41

function of digastric

Answer 41

elevate hyoid | depress mandible

Question 42

function of mylohyoid

Answer 42

elevate hyoid bone | elevate floor oral cavity

Question 43

what happens if both infra an d supra hyoids act together

Answer 43

hyoid bone stablised | mandible depressed

Question 44

where is the submandibular gland

Answer 44

inferior to the ramus | posterior to the mylohyoid

Question 45

where do submandular secretions enter OC

Answer 45

via whartons duct to sublingual papillae

Question 46

what type of gland is the submandibular gland

Answer 46

mixed | seromucus

Question 47

how to distinguish between submandibular swelling of nodes or glands

Answer 47

nodes swell along a chain | smaller and more superfocial

Question 48

where do the internal carotid arteries pass of the skull

Answer 48

carotid canal

Question 49

where do the internal jugular vein pass the skill

Answer 49

jugular formamen

Question 50

where will the heaviest plaque deposits occur

Answer 50

along gingival margins | lingual side of teeth

Question 51

what are the supra hyoid muscles

Answer 51

digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid stylohyoid

Question 52

what do the supra hyoid muscles do

Answer 52

elevate the hyoid bone

Question 53

attachments of the supra hyoid muscles

Answer 53

stylohyoid - styloid process to hyoid digastric - 2 bellies anterior hyoid to digastric fossa of mandible, posterior hyoid to mastoid process mylohyoid - mylohyoid line of mandible geniohyoid - inferior mental spine of mandible

Question 54

actions of the supra hyoid muscles

Answer 54

stylohyoid - pulls hyoid poster and superiorally digastric -elvate the hyoid, depress the mandible mylohyoid - elevates hyoid geniohyoid -depress mandible and elevates hyoid