dissection Flashcards
what runs vertically across sternocleidomastoid
external jugular vein
what does the external jugular vein drain and where to
face and scalp
to subclviaun
why does a valsalvas manoeuvre make the external jugular vein stand out
increases thracic pressure
venous return to heart is decreased
what is likely to be on medical treatement if you can see the external jugular vein
congestive heart failure
what happens to the EJV if patient reclines
more visible due to impaired venous return
4 pairs of infra hyoid muscles
sternohyoid
omohyoid
thryohyoid
sternothyroid
what do the infra hyoid muscle do
depress the hyoid bone
hold the hyoid bone so the suprahyids can depress he mandible
what is the nerve supply for the infrahyoids
ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
where do arteries enter the thyroid gland
superior - poles of each lobe
inferior - posterior border
where do the artieres for the thyroid gland arise from
superior
- external carotid
inferior
- subclavian
what do the thyroid arteries also supply
superior thyroid arteries branches into -hyoid - sternocleidomastoid -superior laryngeal arteries
what is left on removal or benign lesions affecting the gland
posterior regions so blood can still enter
function of trapexisu
elevate retract and depress scapula
function of sternocleidomastoid
flexion of neck
movement of face side to side/tilitng
accessory nerve
type, where to
in and out of skull
CN XI
motor to SCM and trapezius
from C1-C4 in foramen magnum and out via jugular foramen
what spinal nerves contribute to cervical plexus
c1-c4
what do the other cervical spinal nerves contribute to
contribute to brachial plexus
testing for accessory nerve function
shrug shoulders
turn head against resistance
what supplies the larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
divisions of trigeminla nerve
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
where do the branches of trigemnial exit on the face
v1- supraorbital foramen
v2- intraorbital formaren
v3- mental foramen
what is the modilous
knot of non contracitile fibrous tissue (where orbicularis orgs and buccinators meet)
where can facial arteries be felt
lower border of mandible, anterior to masseter
why is the facial artery tortuous
elasticity lost in older arteries
difference between veins in head ad neck vs elsewhere
lack valves
- therefore infection can spread from superficial to deep veins
how do the deep and superficial drainages of the face connect
retromandibular vein comminate between the internal and external jugular vein
where can you palpate the parotid duct
clench teeth
duct superficial to masster, below zygomatic arch
where does the parotid duct open into the mouth
opposite upper secodnmolar
what does the parotid duct pass through to reach the mouth
buccinator
why is inflammation of the parotid painful
surrounded by fascia/capsule
divisions of the facial nerve and what they supply
temporal- frontalis zygomatic - obicularis oculi buccal - buncinator and lip elevators mandibular - lip depressors cervical - platysma
most common form of facial palsy
bells palsy
effect of damage to peripheral motor nerve (short term(
flaccid paralysis
test for integrity of facial nerve
exaggerated facial expression
taste on anterior 2/3 tomgue
effect of interruption of facial nerve in parotid gland
loss of all 5 branches therefore paralysis to all muscles of facial expression
where does the facial nerve enter and leave the skill
enters viat IAM
exit via stylomastoid foramen
what if the facial nerve was damaged in the internal auditory meatus
loss of lacrimation
reduction in saliva production in sublingual and submandibular
test for trigemnila nerves
sharp blunt test
protrusion of jaw - deviation to injured side
what does the hypoglossal nerve supply
muscles of the tongue
expect for palatoglossus
testing for hypoglossal
protrude tongue, dont deviate to opposite side
function of digastric
elevate hyoid
depress mandible
function of mylohyoid
elevate hyoid bone
elevate floor oral cavity
what happens if both infra an d supra hyoids act together
hyoid bone stablised
mandible depressed
where is the submandibular gland
inferior to the ramus
posterior to the mylohyoid
where do submandular secretions enter OC
via whartons duct to sublingual papillae
what type of gland is the submandibular gland
mixed
seromucus
how to distinguish between submandibular swelling of nodes or glands
nodes swell along a chain
smaller and more superfocial
where do the internal carotid arteries pass of the skull
carotid canal
where do the internal jugular vein pass the skill
jugular formamen
where will the heaviest plaque deposits occur
along gingival margins
lingual side of teeth
what are the supra hyoid muscles
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
what do the supra hyoid muscles do
elevate the hyoid bone
attachments of the supra hyoid muscles
stylohyoid - styloid process to hyoid
digastric - 2 bellies anterior hyoid to digastric fossa of mandible, posterior hyoid to mastoid process
mylohyoid - mylohyoid line of mandible
geniohyoid - inferior mental spine of mandible
actions of the supra hyoid muscles
stylohyoid - pulls hyoid poster and superiorally
digastric -elvate the hyoid, depress the mandible
mylohyoid - elevates hyoid
geniohyoid -depress mandible and elevates hyoid
