oral mucosa - non neoplastic disease :0 Flashcards
normal hard palate
pale pink mucsoa
palatine rugae towards the anterior aspect
incisive papilla in the middle
variations on normla
areas of rednesss
areas of whiteness
causes of mucosal disease
developlomental/gentic infection/inflammatory trauma nutritional deficieny immune mesiated isease malignant disease
infection/inflammatory disease
viral
bacterial
fungal infection
where can changes in the OC occur due to mucssal disease
epithelium
connective
epithelial changes
atrophic hyperplastic hyperkeratinised loss epithelium separation from underlying connective tissue
atrophic clinical change
red
fragile
hyperplastic clinical change
thicker
normally associated with hyperkeratosis
hyperkeratinised clincial
white patches
loss of epithelium clinical change
ulcer
separation from underlying connective tisse
blister
atrophy
decrease in no of cells or
reduction in the size of celles
- rate of division reduces or there is an increase in desquamation
causes of atrophy
iron/B12 deficiency
immune mediated disease
hyperplastic
increase in no of cells due to an increase in the cell division
causes of hyperplastic
trauma
infection by candida albicans
what is caused by a fungal infection by candida albicans
appearance and where
chronic hyperplasia candidosis
- usually on buccal mucosa or later border of tongue
- white speckled area
histological section hyperplastic candidosis
epithelium thicker and elongated
- darker
blue and purple spots in CT due to chronic inflammatory cells
long rate processes
keratinised epithelium
epithelium which is non keratinised becomes keratin
hyperkeratinisd epithelium
epithelium which is keratinised normally shows an increase in the thickness of the keratin layer
causes of hyperkeratinisation or keratinisation
trauma hereditary disease infection idiopathic immune mediated disease
trauma from tobacco smoke
clinical appearance
stomatitis nicotina
white on hard palate with red dots
inflammation around salivary gland openings
respond to protect mucosa from tabacco smoke
white spong naevus and clinical apperace
autosomal dominant gene condition
multiple lesions in OC, paths of whiteness fading into muscosa
idiopathic
cannot be described by any other cuase
lichen Planus
immune mediated
T cell attach basal keratinocytes and basal compartments
clinical
- lice like patterns
- normally on bucal mucosa/lateral border of tongue
lichen Plans histology
dense collection of lymphocytes
lymphocytes migrate into epitheliu as they have destroyed the basal cell compartment
what does loss of epithelium appear clinically and its cause
ulcer - white with reddened mucosa surrouding
acute inflammatory response in CT
what causes the white patches in an ulcer
due to fibrin depostion
what is an ulcer covered in
slough (fibrin and neutrophils)
causes of an ucler
trauma
immune mediated
inflammation
malignant disease
what is multiple ulcers at one time called
recurrent aphthous ulceration
herpes complex
vesicles that burst to cause ulcer
crusty regions
somatic symptoms, sore throat, flu
what casues blisters/vesciles
separation from underlying connective tissue
causes of separation from underlying CT
viral infections
immune mediated responces
viral infections that cause blisters
herpangina (blisters break down to ulcers)
immune mediated responses that cause blisters
pemphigus vulgaris
pemphigoid
what is an intraepithelial blister formation
epithelium on either side of the blister
still have basal cells connected to the tissue
herpangina
caused by a virus
posterior aspect will have blisters
systemically unwell, fever sore throat
what is an abccess from tooth usually caused by
carious tooth
herpangia connective tissue changesd
inflamed (red, swollen)
hyperplastic (swelling, nodule)
causes of herpangia
infection from teeth
periodontal disease
associated with ulceratio
connective tissue changes from abccess from tooth and causes and clinical appearance
hyperplasia (increase in CT) clinical appearance (nodule, limp, pale or red)
causes
- trauma from teeth
- dentures
pyogenic granuloma
overgrowth of granulation tissue
red along gingival margin
due to bad OH or due to hormones
fibrous hyperplasia
large
pale pink
increase in denseness of cT (slight hyperkeratosis)
summary of changes in epithelium and CT
Epithelial changes
• Atrophic: thinned and red
• Hyperplastic: may appear white
• Hyperkeratotic: increase in keratin appears white
• Ulceration- loss of epithelium, yellow/cream patch surrounded by erythema (red)
• Blisters: separation of epithelium. Usually bursts to give ulcer
Connective tissue changes
• Inflamed: red, swollen firm yellow
• Hyperplastic: firm/soft lump or swelling
• Red mucosa: atrophic epithelium or inflamed connective tissue
• White patch: keratosis/hyperkeratosis caused by trauma, idiopathic, fungal infection, immune mediated disease such as lichen planus
• Ulceration: traumatic, recurrent aphthous ulceration, viral infections, malignant disease
• Blisters: viral infections and immune mediated diseases
