pharynx and tonsils :) Flashcards
what is the pharynx partial surrounded by
muscle
shape of pharynx
inverted cone
what is the pharynx shared by
respiratory and GI tract
where does the pharynx run
behind nasal and oral cavity
continuous with oesophagus
where is the uvula
back of the soft palate
what is continuous with the nasal cavity
posterior nasal aperture
descriptive divisions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
extends from nose to soft palate contains - pharyngeal tonsil - opening of auditory tubes - tubal tonsisl
oropharynx
soft palate to top of epiglottis
level with bodies of 2nd and upper part of 3rd cervical vertebra
lateral wall of oropharynx
palatopharyngeal arch and palatine tonsil
how does the oropharynx opening into the mouth
through oropharyngeal isthmus
laryngopharynx
epiglottis to cricoid cartilage (continuous with oesophagus)
extends from 2rd to 6th cervical bodies
inlet in upper anterior wall
how does the laryngopharyx change
during swallowing elevated by hyoid elevators
circular muscles of the phayrnx
superior constritor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
superior constricotor insertions and attachments
inserts into the pterygoid plate buccinator and mandible
posteriorly attaches to the raphe
middle constrictor insertions
hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe
inferior constrictor
split into 2 parts inc cricopharyngeus
inferior constrictor attacments
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
pharyngeal raphe
what does the cricopharyngeus act as
sphincter to stop ingestion of air
where do all the circular muscles join at
pharyngeal raphe posterioally
function of the circular muscles
act to propel food through pharynx by muscular action
longitudinal muscles of phayrn
stylopharyngeus
salpingophayngeus
palatopharyngeus
run on outside and merge with circualr
stylopharyngeus
decends from styloid process, runs lateral to superior constrictors, fuse with middle constructors then go to thyroid cartilage
salpingopharyngus
arises from eustation tube
palatopharyngeus
from soft palate to merge with thyroid cartilage
function of the longituinal muscles
elevate the larynx
shorten and widen pharynx during swallowing
innervation of the pharyngeal muscles
pharyngeal plexus/ vagus
spreads under lining and to muscles
APART from stylopharyngeus 9
what is the pharyngeal plexus composed of
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerves
pharyngeal branches of vagus nerves
branches from external pharyngeal nerves
sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion
what is glossopharyngeal CN IX generally supply type
sensory
what does vagus generally supply type
motor
sensory innervation to nasopharynx
maxillary nerve V2 of trigeminla CN V
sensory innervation to orophaynx
glossopharyngeal nerve 9
sensory innervation to laryngopharns
vagus
motor innervation to muscles of pharynx
all muscles innervate by vagus and plexus
expect for stylopharyngeus CN IX
what happens if nerve supply of pharynx is damaged
dysphagia
glossopharyngeal - difficultily initiating swallowing (sensory)
vagus - (motor) difficulty in smooth transit
what opens into the nasopharynx
auditory tube
why ar children more prone to ear infectons
tube is horizontal (-pressure allows bacteria to be dwarn in)
the groups of tonsillar tissue
palatine tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils
where do the palatine tonsils lie
either side of the arches in the mouth
(palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arch)
in oropharynx
what happens when tonsils are infected
accumulations of lymphoid tissue(lymphocytes) lying under mucosa that lines the pharynx
-can be enlarged
purpose of the lymphoid tissue
protective to GI tract and respiratory tracts by lymphocytes producing antibodies
where are the pharyngeal tonsils
posterior wall of nasopharynx
tubal tonsisl
may or may not be present
around entrance to auditory tube
lingual tonsisl
under mucosa of posterior third of tongue
what is the tonsillar ring
protective ring protecting the opening of the pharynx
tonsillitis
viral or bacterial
inflammed
increased production of lympocyes in tonsillar tissues
what does pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) enlargement interfere with
soft palate elevation
interference with soft palate elevation can lead to
sinisitis
auditory tube dysfunction
middle ear infections
what can enlargement of palatine tonsils lead to
interference with soft palate elevation leading to hypernasilaity
what can pharyngeal and tubal tonsillar enlargement do
prevent auditory tube opening
- middle ear infections
what is tonsillectomy used for
chronic tonsillitis
