pharynx and tonsils :)

Question 1

what is the pharynx partial surrounded by

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

shape of pharynx

Answer 2

inverted cone

Question 3

what is the pharynx shared by

Answer 3

respiratory and GI tract

Question 4

where does the pharynx run

Answer 4

behind nasal and oral cavity

continuous with oesophagus

Question 5

where is the uvula

Answer 5

back of the soft palate

Question 6

what is continuous with the nasal cavity

Answer 6

posterior nasal aperture

Question 7

descriptive divisions of the pharynx

Answer 7

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 8

nasopharynx

Answer 8

extends from nose to soft palate
contains
- pharyngeal tonsil
- opening of auditory tubes
- tubal tonsisl

Question 9

oropharynx

Answer 9

soft palate to top of epiglottis

level with bodies of 2nd and upper part of 3rd cervical vertebra

Question 10

lateral wall of oropharynx

Answer 10

palatopharyngeal arch and palatine tonsil

Question 11

how does the oropharynx opening into the mouth

Answer 11

through oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 12

laryngopharynx

Answer 12

epiglottis to cricoid cartilage (continuous with oesophagus)
extends from 2rd to 6th cervical bodies
inlet in upper anterior wall

Question 13

how does the laryngopharyx change

Answer 13

during swallowing elevated by hyoid elevators

Question 14

circular muscles of the phayrnx

Answer 14

superior constritor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor

Question 15

superior constricotor insertions and attachments

Answer 15

inserts into the pterygoid plate buccinator and mandible

posteriorly attaches to the raphe

Question 16

middle constrictor insertions

Answer 16

hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe

Question 17

inferior constrictor

Answer 17

split into 2 parts inc cricopharyngeus

Question 18

inferior constrictor attacments

Answer 18

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

pharyngeal raphe

Question 19

what does the cricopharyngeus act as

Answer 19

sphincter to stop ingestion of air

Question 20

where do all the circular muscles join at

Answer 20

pharyngeal raphe posterioally

Question 21

function of the circular muscles

Answer 21

act to propel food through pharynx by muscular action

Question 22

longitudinal muscles of phayrn

Answer 22

stylopharyngeus
salpingophayngeus
palatopharyngeus

run on outside and merge with circualr

Question 23

stylopharyngeus

Answer 23

decends from styloid process, runs lateral to superior constrictors, fuse with middle constructors then go to thyroid cartilage

Question 24

salpingopharyngus

Answer 24

arises from eustation tube

Question 25

palatopharyngeus

Answer 25

from soft palate to merge with thyroid cartilage

Question 26

function of the longituinal muscles

Answer 26

elevate the larynx

shorten and widen pharynx during swallowing

Question 27

innervation of the pharyngeal muscles

Answer 27

pharyngeal plexus/ vagus
spreads under lining and to muscles
APART from stylopharyngeus 9

Question 28

what is the pharyngeal plexus composed of

Answer 28

pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerves
pharyngeal branches of vagus nerves
branches from external pharyngeal nerves
sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion

Question 29

what is glossopharyngeal CN IX generally supply type

Answer 29

sensory

Question 30

what does vagus generally supply type

Answer 30

motor

Question 31

sensory innervation to nasopharynx

Answer 31

maxillary nerve V2 of trigeminla CN V

Question 32

sensory innervation to orophaynx

Answer 32

glossopharyngeal nerve 9

Question 33

sensory innervation to laryngopharns

Answer 33

vagus

Question 34

motor innervation to muscles of pharynx

Answer 34

all muscles innervate by vagus and plexus

expect for stylopharyngeus CN IX

Question 35

what happens if nerve supply of pharynx is damaged

Answer 35

dysphagia
glossopharyngeal - difficultily initiating swallowing (sensory)
vagus - (motor) difficulty in smooth transit

Question 36

what opens into the nasopharynx

Answer 36

auditory tube

Question 37

why ar children more prone to ear infectons

Answer 37

tube is horizontal (-pressure allows bacteria to be dwarn in)

Question 38

the groups of tonsillar tissue

Answer 38

palatine tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils

Question 39

where do the palatine tonsils lie

Answer 39

either side of the arches in the mouth
(palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arch)
in oropharynx

Question 40

what happens when tonsils are infected

Answer 40

accumulations of lymphoid tissue(lymphocytes) lying under mucosa that lines the pharynx
-can be enlarged

Question 41

purpose of the lymphoid tissue

Answer 41

protective to GI tract and respiratory tracts by lymphocytes producing antibodies

Question 42

where are the pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 42

posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 43

tubal tonsisl

Answer 43

may or may not be present

around entrance to auditory tube

Question 44

lingual tonsisl

Answer 44

under mucosa of posterior third of tongue

Question 45

what is the tonsillar ring

Answer 45

protective ring protecting the opening of the pharynx

Question 46

tonsillitis

Answer 46

viral or bacterial
inflammed
increased production of lympocyes in tonsillar tissues

Question 47

what does pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) enlargement interfere with

Answer 47

soft palate elevation

Question 48

interference with soft palate elevation can lead to

Answer 48

sinisitis
auditory tube dysfunction
middle ear infections

Question 49

what can enlargement of palatine tonsils lead to

Answer 49

interference with soft palate elevation leading to hypernasilaity

Question 50

what can pharyngeal and tubal tonsillar enlargement do

Answer 50

prevent auditory tube opening

- middle ear infections

Question 51

what is tonsillectomy used for

Answer 51

chronic tonsillitis