histo/pathogensis of perio diseas :)

Question 1

normal periodontoum

Answer 1

bone
PDL
Gingiva
cementum

Question 2

what lines the root surace

Answer 2

cementum

Question 3

gingival epithelium histology

Answer 3

long rate ridges

Question 4

junctional epithelium

Answer 4

thinner and more porous
forms barrier against dentinal plaque
attaches at the CEJ

Question 5

healthy periodontium

Answer 5

junctional epithelium attaches at the ACJ

PDL attaching to alveolar bone

Question 6

protective features of the host against PDD

Answer 6

barrier effect of intact junctional epithelium
factors in saliva
gingival crevicular
activation of T/B cells

Question 7

gingival crevicular fluid

Answer 7

originates from gingival capillaries

contains neutrophils and complement

Question 8

risk factors of PDD

Answer 8

poor oral hygiene
smoker
genetic
systemic disease

Question 9

gingivitis symptoms

Answer 9

vasodilation
increased blood flow
damage to fibroblasts
oedema
increase in crevicular fluid
still in tact at ADJ

Question 10

histological changes at gingivitis

Answer 10

hyperplasia of JE
increased inflammatory cells
no migration of JE or bone loss
increased blood flow
loss of gingival collagen fibres 
development of deeper rate ridges
more inflammatory cells
junctional epithelium still attaches to ADJ

Question 11

clinical changes of gingivitis

Answer 11

bleeding on probing
false pocketing
pain, redness, swelling

Question 12

pre disposing factors to gingivitis

Answer 12

• Pregnancy/puberty
• Orthodontic appliances
• Dentures
• Restorations with overhangs
• Effects of medications

Question 13

periodontist symtoms

Answer 13

JE has moved apically
plaque has moved more apically bone loss
more inflammatory cells

Question 14

clinical changes of periodontitis

Answer 14

tooth mobility 
true pocket over 4mm
bleeding on probing
recession 
tooth loss
halitosis
calculus 
junctional epithelium may ulcerate

Question 15

periodontisis histology

Answer 15

junctional epithelium ends more apically than at ADJ
true pockett formed
more inflammatory cells

Question 16

BPE scoring

Answer 16

code 0-4

* furcation involvement

Question 17

where can growth of plaque be

Answer 17

supra or sub gingival

Question 18

what is growth on the tooth called

Answer 18

biofilm

Question 19

what is a biofilm

Answer 19

3D structure of heterogenous bacterial and the material produced as a product of growth

Question 20

subginigval plaque

Answer 20

heterogenous
firmly attached bacteria at tooth surface
many different cocci and bacilli
channels can run in the 3D structure allowing nutrients to flow

Question 21

bacteria in a periodontal pocket

Answer 21

contains mainly gram positive Layer attached to hard tissue
overlying gram - layer
many motile and anaerobic bacteria

Question 22

progression to periodontist

Answer 22

not always precede by gingivitus

early lesion can take many years to progress to advanced lesion, signifies change from gram + to gram - bacteia

Question 23

what changes a quiescent site to an active one

Answer 23

change in host

change in microbial challenge

Question 24

dysbiosis

Answer 24

healthy to disease

Question 25

what do gram - and aerobic bacteria produce

Answer 25

short fatty acids

Question 26

keystone pathogens

Answer 26

red complex bacteria can alter the community to move it to a disease causing community
produce virulence factors

Question 27

what do the red complex bacteria do

Answer 27

produce virulence factors
change in complement levels changes immune repsonce
bacteria grow, leading to more inflammation

Question 28

rapidly processing periodontal disease

Answer 28

produces LtA leukotoxin that targets neutrophils

CDT toxin that targets epithelial cells

Question 29

acute necoritising ulcerative gingivitis

Answer 29

true infection with tissue invasion

associated with identifiable predisposing factors

Question 30

what causes acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

Answer 30

small selection of specific bacteria by host derive nutrients
fuso-spirochaetal complex

Question 31

pathogenic community at host interface

Answer 31

removes sugars from human cells
cytokines being produced by antigens produced by bacteria
community stick together, communicate with each other
produce different virulence factors

Question 32

what are all the community pathogenic factors leading to a disease community

Answer 32

• LPS and capsule
• fibronectin
• toxins
• anaerobic growth proceeds butyric acid
• phospholipase digests lipids, glucosidases digest glycoproteins removing sugar so organisms can grow

Question 33

what do LPS and capsule do to contribute to the disease coomunit

Answer 33

cause immune responce stimulating cytokine production

Question 34

what does fibronectin do in contributing for community pathogenic factors

Answer 34

allows sticking to surfaces