oral mucosa :) Flashcards
normal appearance (variations on the normal)
fissured tongue (deep fissured) sebaceous glands (white/yellow spots) lingual tonsils (enlarged)
what is manageable in practise
amalgam tattoo
candida infection
leukoedema
black hairy tongue
amalgam tatto
amalgam trapped in mucosa of mouth
extraction of a molar with amalgam, teeth crumble and fragments can get trapped
candida infection
middle of tongue is depapilated
leukodema
white/grey lesions of mucosa
if stretched will disappear
functions of oral mucosa
protection
secretion (minor salivary glands in mouth)
sensation
oral muscosa protection function
resistance to abrasion
permeability barrier
structure of the oral music layers
epithelium
lamina propria
submucosa
epithelium of oral muscoa
stratified squamous epithelium
may be keratinised
lamina propira
dense connective tissue
underneath the epithelium
submucora
loose CT and glands
inc fat, minor salivary glands
layers in histology of hard palate
keratinised ayer
granular laer
spinous layer
basal layer (proliferaties and replaces the cells at the top)
what does the granular layer contain
keratinylain granules
membrane coating granules
keratohyalin granules
bind cytokeratin filaments to form keratin
cytokeratin found in cytoplasm
membrane coating granules
coat cell membranes to produce waterproof barriers
structure of non keratinised epithelium
basal
prickle cell
superficial layer
epithelial cell attatchemns
desomsomes - attach to epithelium cells
hemidesmosomes - attach to basement membrane
diseases that can affect the attachments in epithelial layers
pemphigus
pemphigus and clinical observations
auto immune disease
autoantibodies produces which attack mucosa by attacking desmosomes (epithelium un zips)
clinical
-erosions and ulcers in moth
epithelium can peel apart during eating
epithelial clear cells
melanocytes
merkel cells
langerhans cells
melanocytes
melanin producing cells
merkel cells
sensory receptors
langerhans cells
antigen presenting cells
when epxosed to foreign molecule, come out of epithelium into lymph nodes to present antigen to T helper
melanin
found in basal third of epithelium
brown/black
melanocytes have dendritic processes that distribute melanosoma to other cells
how is melanin transfered to adjacent keratinocytes
via membrane bound melanosomes
malignant melanoma
rate
brown/balck irregular region
often spreads to lymph nodes in the neck
where are langerhans cells found
spinous layer
leukocytes
found in epithelium
lymphocytes and neutrofils
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
rare cancer
proliferation of langerhams cells
- bone has largely gone, teeth essentially floating
types of oral muscoa
masticatory
lining
gustatory
specilaised
masticatory muscosa
areas of high abration
e.g. hard palate and gingica
lining muscos
areas nit subject to high abration i.e. floor of mouth./vertral tongue
gustatory lining muscsa
specliased for resistance by papillae and cast buds e.g. dorsal tongue
specialised mucsoa
does not fit into other catagoies
i.e. vermillion border, junctional epithelium
what is the muscle liken the palatal vault
pale
no submuscoa so bound to underlying bone
where can you get minor glands which can become tumourised
lateral palate
histology of masticatory epithelium
parakeratinised stratifised squamous eptuehlium
deep rate ridges o allow anchoring with CT
dense lamina propria
where is the mucogingical junction
transition masticatory to the lining mucosa
free gingival groove
junction between attached and free gingivae
what is the marginal gingiva also known as
free ginigva
what is attached gingiva attached to
attached to bone
junctional epithelium
2 basal lamina/basment membrane
- once on deep and other on superficial side
adjacent to enamel or cementum
wide intracellular spaces
what is at junctional epithelim
crevicular fluid
crevicular fluid
may contain leukocytes
contains secretory IgA
clears out and neutralises bacteria
Serum exudate through junctional epithelial cells
lining on the buccal mucosa
lining mucosa
stratified squamous
non keratinesed
- may be along occlusal plane due to biting or grinding
dense lamina proproa
sub mucosa - loose and minor salivary glands
may contain sebaceous glands on occlusal plane
soft palate oral side
lining muscosa no keratinsed
minor mucous salivary glands
submucosa blends with underling muscles
vermillion border
where skin meets the lip
transitional zone between hairy skin and lining oral mucosa
no appendages
thin lamina propria bound to underlain muscle
what is found in a pilosebacous unit
hair follicle
sebaceous gland
erector pilli muscle
what mucosa is on the tongue
gustatory musocsa
papillae on the tongue
filiform
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform papillae
most numerous
mechiniscal abrasion and mastication of food
fungiform papillae
round
cirucalr
taste
cimcumvallate
found along sulcus terminals marking 1/3 tongue
v shape
taste
foliate
edges of posterior tongue
taste
filiform histology
heavily keratinised
narrow core of CT
appear spikey
fungiform papillae histology
non keratinised
taste buds laterally
circumvallate papillae histology
large deep sulcus non keratinised tastebuds on lateral surfaces serous salivary glands beneath sulk
ventral surface of the tongue
thin non keratinised lining muscosa
loose submocosa
very permeable
problems with the tomgue
glossitis
black hairy tongue
glossitis and causes
smooth and shiny
soreness and during
causes
- vitamin deficiency
candidal infections
black hairy tongue
associated with those on soft diets
long elongated papillae
can get stained during smoking/food stains
papillae not shedding as usual
treatment for black hairy tongue
tongue scraper to remove the surface
age changes in oral muscosa
muscosa may appear atrophic and smoother
decrease in elasticity
prominence of fordyce spots
varicosities ventral surface tongue (more prominent veins)
variations on normal mucosa
leukodema
geographic tome
fordyce spots
geographic tongue
isilands of erythema with white borders
mild soreness/asymtompatic
fordyce spots
ectopic sebaceous glands
symptomatic
