swallowing :) Flashcards

1
Q

what is deglutition

A

action of preparing food within oral cavity and transmitting the bolus from OC through pharynx and oesphagus

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2
Q

phases of swallowing

A

oral phase
pharyngeal phase
oesophageal phase

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3
Q

what are the phases e.g. oral is …

A

oral - voluntary

others - reflexes i.e. cannot be stopped

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4
Q

Oral preparatory phase

A

preparation of food by mastication, mixing with saliva

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5
Q

how is the consistency of food monitors by

A

sensory receptors in the oral mucosa so no choking occurs

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6
Q

oral transit phase

A

oral cavity occluded by raising the tongue to the palate from front to back
back of tongue lowered
backwards movement pushes food down oesophagus

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7
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

palatoglossus
genioglossus
styloglossus
hyloglossus

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8
Q

palatoglossus

A

one of the arches in the mouth

muscle of the palate and tongue

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9
Q

genioglossus and styloglossus functon

A

used to form a Shute to propel food back

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10
Q

trigger points in the mouth

A

palatoglossal arch
soft palate
posterior wall of pharynx
palatine tonsil?

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11
Q

contact with trigger point leads to

A

reflex pharyngeal contraction

reflex actions to protect lower airway

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12
Q

what must happen for oral phase to complete

A

mouth closed

  • uses jaw elevation branch V3
  • lip muscles of facial expression (CNVII)
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13
Q

what happens when the mouth is closed (muscles)

A

fixes the hyoid bone and suprahypid muscles to allow raining of larynx and pharunx

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14
Q

transit phase

A

elevation of soft palate to stop food entering the nasopharynx and nose
suspension of respiration to minimse inhalation of food into larynx

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15
Q

muscles of soft palate

A

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

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16
Q

palatoglossal

A

muscle of palate and tongue

anterior arch in oral cavity

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17
Q

palatopharyngeal

A

posterior arch in oral cavity

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18
Q

what do the arches in the OC do

A

depress the soft paalte

19
Q

levator veli palatini/tensor veli palatini

A

elevatee soft palate to close off nasopharynx

20
Q

nerve supply to muscles of palate

A

vagus

except tensor veil palatine - trigeminla V3 branch

21
Q

actions of the pharyxn

A

passage of food through pharynx

protection of lower airway to prevent food inhalation

22
Q

how is the lower airway protected

A

suspension of respiration
elevation of larynx ny suprahyoid muscles (fix hyoid bone so larynx can elevate)
narrowing of laryngeal entrance
strong adduction of vocal folds

23
Q

laryngeal elevation process

A

opens pharynx
pulls larynx under tongue
epiglottis flaps over laryngeal entrance

24
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage
protects laryngeal entrance
convex laterally

25
where is food directed around epiglottis
from laryngeal entrance into pyriform recesses (food may get trapped)
26
what innervates the area around pyriform recesses
internal laryngeal nerve (branch off superior larynegela nerve, off vagus)
27
muscles which narrow laryngeal entranec
aryepiglottic muscles
28
which muscles adduct the vocal folds
interarytenoids | laterla cricoarytenoids
29
what is closed to prevent anything passing further into larynx
rima glottis
30
how is a cough reflex initiatied
noxious stimulation of pharynx larynx or bronchial passagay
31
procedure of cough reflec
diaphragm and IC muscles contract rima glottis close and VF adduction expiratory muscle contraction bronchi and non cartilage's portions of trachea collapse
32
when does the gag reflex occur
if swallowing reflex is elicited but the material cannot be swallowed
33
what happens during gag reflex
mouth open posterior part of tongue elevated to expel material soft palate elvated to stop entering nasopharynx
34
sensory nerves involved in swallowing
5 - trigeminal (mouth and lips) 9 glossopharyngeal (pharynx initiates swallowing reflex) vagus (pharynx)
35
motor nerves involved in swallowing
5 tirgeminla V3 - muscles of mastication and suprahyoids facil 7 - muscles of facil expression and suprahyoids vagus - muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx 12 hypoglossal - muscles of tongue
36
causes of dysphagia
space occupying lesions e.g. cancer - occlusion by enlargement of adjacent structure neurogenic - neuromuscular disease - damage to CN - damage to control centres of swallowing - xerostomia
37
how is swallowing controlled
swallowing centres I the brain stem | higher centres in insular cortex
38
problems caused by dysphagi
malnutitirion socail problems aspiration
39
what is silent aspiration
inhalation of food without cough reflex
40
process of silent aspiration
food enters bronchial tree and stagnates may become infected pneumonia and death
41
what nerve elicits the coutgh reflex
superior laryngeal nerve (CN X)
42
effects of neurogenic dysagia
swallowing slow | phases may be uncoupled
43
assessment of swallowing
sips of water soft piece of cake video fluroscopy nasoendoscopy