intro to saliva - clinical aspects:)

Question 1

parotid gland

Answer 1

reaches zygomatic arch and and mandible

dark staiing

Question 2

submandibular gland

Answer 2

mixed dark and light

Question 3

sublingual

Answer 3

pale staining

Question 4

why do serous cells stain dark

Answer 4

due to granules in the cytoplasm

Question 5

extraoral examination of the glands

Answer 5

easy to palpate parotid and the submandibular gland
-tender and swelling = probelm
lymph nodes
- patients with infections
- palpating extra orally too will identify swelling in SM or lymph nodes
if tender intramurally more likey to be (deep) submandibular
if not tender, lymph nodes

Question 6

where are the sublingual ducts found

Answer 6

sublingual papilla

Question 7

whats in saliv

Answer 7

water
elecrolytes
mucins
antibodies
enzymes

Question 8

antibacterial agents in salica

Answer 8

IgA
lyzosyme
histatis

Question 9

what in saliva will promote remineralsiation

Answer 9

Ca, phosphate and fluoride ions
statherian
proline rich proteins

Question 10

issues of ions in saliva

Answer 10

can cause dental plaque to mineralise and form dental calculus (as the ions also mineralise teeth)

Question 11

what are the films saliva around dentures

Answer 11

1) Layer between dental and patients tissue
- Retention
- Saliva holds the denture in space
2) Outside of the denture layer
- Lubricates the surface
- So tongue has a smooth surface to move over

Question 12

how can a rubber rain help

Answer 12

keeps water and protein off the teeth

stops chemicals going down the back of throat

Question 13

issues with restorative materials

Answer 13

poort marginal adaptation
disruption of setting reactions
swelling as water absorbed

Question 14

glass ionomer

Answer 14

can acts a reservoir of fluoride from saliva
When in high concentration can be stored in the glass ionomer, then when the concentration reduced, fluoride ions can be released to protect from cavities

Question 15

causes of xerostomia

Answer 15

1) Irradiation, HIV (causes vessels to constrict)
2) Dehydration, depression
3) Many drugs

Question 16

how is xerostomia tested/diagnosed

Answer 16

questionnarie

Question 17

suppuarative parotitis

Answer 17

inflammation of parotid gland
unilateral - bacterial
bilateral - lump

Question 18

mucocele

Answer 18

swelling increases when saliva production increases

Question 19

cause of mucocele

Answer 19

if gland is bitten, duct becomes damaged and malformed with no exit
when saliva is produced it will then collect within the tissue rather than secreted

Question 20

salivary stones (sialolith)

Answer 20

accumulation of calcium and phosphate ions
usual sublingual glands
can be seen on radiographs or ultrasound

Question 21

investigations on the patients

Answer 21

• History from patient
• Through extra and intraoral examination
• Ultrasound for soft situate swelling
• Radiography to show a sialolith
• Sialo gram to show duct and lobule
• Flow rate
• Biopsy

Question 22

sialogram

Answer 22

Inject a contract medium backwards into the gland

should be a lobular structure

Question 23

hypo salivation

Answer 23

• When stumulated salivary flow rate is less then 0.5 to 0.7ml/min
• Unstimulated salivary flow is less than 0.1 ml/min