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oral cavity - BDS 1 > dentine and pulp :) > Flashcards

dentine and pulp :) Flashcards

1
Q

describe dentine

A

forms bulk of crown and root
heterogenous
70%mineralised
vital and sensitive

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2
Q

what detects pressure

A

proprioceptors in the PDL

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3
Q

what is the first mineralsied tissue to form the tooth

A

dentine

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4
Q

what is dentine formed from

A

extraceullar product of the dental papilla

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5
Q

components of the dentine matrix

A 
mainly collagen
contains
- dentine phosphoproteins
- dentine sialoproteins
- dentine matrix protine
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6
Q

what happens if dentine sialoproteins or dentine matrix proteins are not present

A

odontoblasts act more like osteoblasts

secretions are more bone like

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7
Q

What is always adjacent to the odontoblast cell bodies

A

layer of predentine

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8
Q

what would be seen above mineralised dentine and predentine

A

mantle dentine

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9
Q

what is dentine calcification initiated by

A

matrix vesicles

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10
Q

what is the initial mineralisation patterns

A

spherical calcospherites

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11
Q

what aids mineralisation of dentine

A

acidic dentine sialoprotiens

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12
Q

what is found within the matrix of mineralising dentine

A

membrane bound vesicles

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13
Q

what do vesicles in the dentine matrix do

A

Act as nucleation centres for crystals to form

solution secreted is used for mineralisation

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14
Q

what are the two types of denine

A

peritubular

circumpupal

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15
Q

describe circumpulpar dentien

A

tubular with branched odontoblast processes in the dentine; tubule

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16
Q

what do dentine tubules contain and function

A

extraceilluar fluid fro nutrition and to bathe the odontoblast pricesses

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17
Q

what can the branch processes of the circumpulpal dentine do

A

lateral branches can communicate

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18
Q

what starts before amelogensis

A

dentiogesis

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19
Q

what forms the bulk of the dentine

A

circumpulpal dentine

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20
Q

what Iines the insides of the dentine tubule

A

peritubular dentine

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21
Q

where can odontoblast processes extend from

A

from odontoblast cell body to the ADJ

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22
Q

density of the odontoblast processes throughout the dentine

A

fewer near ADJ

higher density towards the pulp

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23
Q

mineralisation of circumpulpal and peritubular dentine

A

90 peri

70 circum

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24
Q

colour of dentine

A

translucent

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25
Q

what can the amount of dentine be used fro

A

amount of translucent dentine is forensically used to determine the age of individuals

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26
Q

what type of dentine is produced in response to trauma

A

sclerotic dentine

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27
Q

how is dentine laid down

A

in increments from the ADJ underlying the incisal edge or cusp tips

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28
Q

how can you see the dentine incremental lines

A

Uv light with tetracycline (antibiotic)

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29
Q

what antibiotic can be used to see incremental lines and why can it be used

A

tetracycline

attaches to mineralising tissues

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30
Q

why can tetracycline not be used in those that have developing teeth

A

brown staining of teeth

glow in the darkq

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31
Q

types of dentine

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

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32
Q

why are the types of tertiary dentine

A

reactionary

reparative

33
Q

when does tertiary dentine occur

A

extra dentine laid down in response to a threat e.g. caries/trauma

34
Q

reactionary dentine

A

existing odontoblasts start to secrete extra dentine in a localised region

35
Q

reparatie dentine

A

newly differentiated odontoblasts from pulp-progenitor cell produces dentine

36
Q

when does primary dentine form

A

tooth development

37
Q

when does secondary dentine occur

A

pulp chamber decreases in size due to mastication/attriction forces on teeth
more dentine produced over timen

38
Q

what is the dental pulp

A

repentant of the dental papilla not conveted to dentine

39
Q

features of the dental pulp

A

fibrovascualr connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels
vital and sensitive
will react by inflammation if exposed

40
Q

where is the cell free zone

A

underneath odontoblasts in the pulp

contains the sub odontoblastic nerve plexus

41
Q

what is the pulp stroma

A

supporting connective tissue

42
Q

where do odontoblasts lie

A

dentine pulp juction

43
Q

what happens after primary dentinogenesis

A

odontoblasts become quiescent

can be reactivated to produce reactionary dentien

44
Q

nerves found in the pulp

A

small myelinated A beta and A delta

unmyelinated C axons

45
Q

what do the nerves in the pulp transmit

A

ONLY pain

not heat act

46
Q

what is a pulpotomy

A

removing part of the pulp

47
Q

what is a pulpectomy

A

removal of the entree pulp

48
Q

what is endodontics

A

treatment to the tooth within the tooth

49
Q

what does removal of the pulp lead to

A

tooth and dentine non vital

pulp tissue and odontoblasts are removed

50
Q

what might happen after years after a pulpotomy/pulpectomy

A

dentine may discolour and show through to enamel

pulp products start to leach through dentine tubules

51
Q

what is dentine usually covers by

A

enamel

cementum

52
Q

how can enamel be exposed

A

carious lesion through enamel
enamel worn away
gingival recession

53
Q

how can enamel be worn away

A

attrition
abarasion
erosion

54
Q

consequences of gingival recession

A

exposes cementum

cementum erosion or abrasion

55
Q

shape of enamel lesiosn

A

enamel lesion is cone shaped following lines of enamel rods

56
Q

why is pain in the teeth poorly localised

A

axon convergence within the teeth and at brainstem

57
Q

nerves in dentine

A

very few nerves from the subodontoblastic plexus penetrate into dentinal tubules
only penrtae 1/3 of dentine

58
Q

Where is dentine the most sensitive

A

ADJ

59
Q

Theories for sensitivity in dentine

A

Nerves in dentine
Odontoblasts act as neurones
Hydrodynamic movement of extracellular fluid in dentine tubules

60
Q

How to reduce dentine sensitivity

A

fluoride varnish to harden dentine

use of toothpastes to encourage deposition of peritubular dentine to occlude exposed tubules

61
Q

How are odontoblast processes shortened

A

wearing away dentine
cutting cavities
bacterial attack

62
Q

What does shortening of processes stimuliat

A

odontoblasts to secrete reactionary dentine

63
Q

how do amalgam fillings work

A

mechanically lock in cavity

64
Q

dentine bonding agents

A

interlock with dentine matrix

cavity floor decalcified by acid to remove crystals and expose collagen matrix

65
Q

how are dentine tubules formed

A

by odontoblast cell processes during development

66
Q

describe preodontoblasts

A

cuboidal in shape

become columnar when fully formed

67
Q

What do odontoblasts secrete before they are fully differentaited

A

dentine matrix i.e. mantle dentine
less collagen
more ECM
formed thin layer on inner side of future ADJ

68
Q

describe odontoblasts

A

columnar polarised cells

nuclei@ basal end

69
Q

describe mineralisation of dentine and involvement of odontoblasts

A 
unmineralised initially (predentine)
odontoblasts move away and produce more predestine
odontoblasts retreat into the dental papilla and extend processes
dentine forms around the processes (grt tubular structure)
dental papilla gets smaller to form pulp
70
Q

What do odontoblast differentiate from

A

dental papilla (i.e. fruit part)

71
Q

What signals induce to

differentiation of dental papilla to odontoblasts and where from

A

signals from internal dental epithelium of enamel organ

  • bone morphogenic proteins
  • fibroblast growth factors
  • transforming growth factor
72
Q

when do odontoblasts begin to secrete dentine matrix

A

before they are fully differentiated

produce mantle dentine to start

73
Q

what do the matrix vesicles have a high concentration of

A 
phosphatidylserine (high affinity for calcium)
Alkaline phosphatase (dentatures calcific poisins)
74
Q

where does crystallisation start

A

in matrix vesicles

75
Q

Process of crystallisation

A

crystals fine needle like to start
vesicles get bigger as tissue minerlaises
fuse with adjacent calcospherites to produce structure around dentine tubules

76
Q

what happens if calcospherites fail to fuse

A

interglobular dentine formed (holly leaf)

77
Q

how does enamel and cementum mineralisase

A

no initiation needed
mineralisation is secondary by spread from adjacent dentine

(dentine mineralised by primary calcification initiated by matrix vesicles)

78
Q

how are enamel spindles fromed

A

odontoblasts can retreat into a confined area and be trapped
continue to form processes that penetrate between ameloblasts to form enamel spindles
(trapped and cannot go towards DP, enamel deposition starts)

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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