neoplastic oral mucosal disease

Question 1

neoplasia

Answer 1

• Uncontrolled proliferation of cells as a result of genetic changes
• Either benign or malignant

Question 2

causes of neoplasia

Answer 2

1. Carcinogens (cancer causing agents eg alcohol)
   - Damages DNA causing cells to proliferate uncontrollably
2. Viruses (eg HPV)
   - Infects and takes over DNA
3. Radiation eg UV light
4. Inherited defects
   - Eg in p53 (tumour suppressor gene)

Question 3

types of neoplasma

Answer 3

benign

malignant

Question 4

benign neoplasms

Answer 4

• Resemble the tissue of origin
• Remain localised and do not spread to other sites in the body
• Well circumscribed

Question 5

malignant neoplasms

Answer 5

• Less likely to resemble tissue of origin
• Do not remain localised (spreads to other sites in the body)
• Infiltrate and invade surrounding tissues

Question 6

where can bening neoplasms arise from

Answer 6

1) Arising from surface epithelium
- rare
2) Arising from glandular tissue
- Adenoma (salivary gland tumour)
3) Arising from connective tissue
- Lipoma (fat)
- Schwannoma (nerves)

Question 7

where can malignant neoplasms arise from

Answer 7

1) Arising from epithelium
- Carcinoma (cancer)
- Invade lymphatic vessels and spread via the lymphatic system
2) Arising from glandular tissue
- adenocarcinoma
- Spread via the lymphatic system
3) Arising from connective tissue
- Sarcoma
- Invade blood vessels and spread via the blood stream
- Less common than others

Question 8

oral squamous cell carcinoma clinical appearance

Answer 8

• Red patch with raised rolled margins
• Ulcerated lesion
• Big ulcers
• Raised margins
• Firm when palpated (cancer is invading into the underlying tissue and fixing it)
• Red and white patches

Question 9

characteristics of oral cancer

Answer 9

• Non healthing ulcer with raised rolled margins
• Red and white (speckled) patch
• Velvety red patch
• Exophytic growth (excess tissue growing into the oral cavity)
• Feels firm, sometimes hard (induration)
• Can grow outwards

Question 10

where does oral cancer usually occur

Answer 10

lateral border of otngue
floor of mouth
retromoalr area

Question 11

risk factors/causes of oral cancer

Answer 11

1) Tobacco
2) Alcohol
- Risk is greatest with alcohol and tabacco smoking
3) Sunlight
- UV light is an imporant cause of skin and lip cancer
- Squmous cell carcinmoa, basal cell carinimoa, melanoma
4) Diet and nutrition (low fibre, high fat)
5) Virusus (HPV)
- Infects cell, into genome, divides by disregulating cell cycle

Question 12

behaviour of oral cancer

Answer 12

arises from surface epithelium
spreads to underlying tissues and muscles
can spread to bone, nerves, enters lymphatic system and spreads to lymph nodes in the neck
(displasia is part of a pre malignant tumour)