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oral cavity - BDS 1 > cranial nerves 1 :) > Flashcards

cranial nerves 1 :) Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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2
Q

name the nerves

A 
olfactory 
optic 
ocular motor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibular
glossopharyngeal
vagus 
accessory 
hypoglossal
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3
Q

what is olfactory nerves for

A

special sensory for smell

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4
Q

where do the olfactory nerves pass through

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone (through olfactory bulbs)

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5
Q

clinical tests for olfactory nerves

A

strong smelling substance under each nostril

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6
Q

optic nerves

A

special sensory vision

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7
Q

where do optic nerves orginiate

A

retina of the eye

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8
Q

where do the optic nerves psss

A

through optic canals of sphenoid bone to diecencephlon via optic chiasm

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9
Q

where do temporal field images hit

A

nasal half of retina

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10
Q

where do nasal visual fields hit

A

temporal half of retina

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11
Q

where do optic nerves converge

A

ventral anterior margin of diencephalon at the optic chiasm

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12
Q

what happens to optic nerves at the optic chiasm

A

temporal visual fields (from nasal half) cross at chiasm and go to opposite side
axons from temporal half of retina remain uncrossed

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13
Q

what happens with damage to optic nerve

A

blindness in same eye

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14
Q

damage to optic chiams

A

bitemporal hemianopia (loss of temporal fields as nasal fields cross over which carry temporal)

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15
Q

damage to optic tract

A

complete visual loss

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16
Q

clinical tests for optic

A

snellen charts measure visual acuity

test visual fields, 4 quadrants of each eye

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17
Q

damage to ocular nerve

A

diplopia
laterla strabismus
dilated pupil in affected eye(due to unopposed sympathetic stimulation to dilator pupil)

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18
Q

damage to abducens nerve

A

diplopia

medial strabismus

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19
Q

what has the longest path in contact with bone out of the cranial nerbes

A

abducens

may be conreppsied due to intercrainail pressure

20
Q

damage to trochlear nerve

A

vertical diplopia

torsional diplopia

21
Q

clinical test for trochlear

A

patients to allow end for pen as it is moved across visual fields

22
Q

clinical test for ocular motor nerve

A

shine light in eye to check for pupillary light reflex

23
Q

muscles of the eye

A 
4 rectus (S I L M)
2 oblique (S I)
24
Q

innervation for the muscles of the eye

A

3(LR6SO4)
ocular 3
trochlear 4
abducens 6

25
Q

where does trochlear nerve pass

A

passes through trochlear (cartilage) attaches to globe to change direction of the muscles fibres

26
Q

action of superior rectus

A

medially upwards

27
Q

action of medial rectus

A

towards midline

28
Q

action of superior oblique

A

down and out

29
Q

inferior rectus

A

medially downwards

30
Q

action of lateral rectus

A

laterally

31
Q

action of inferior oblique

A

upwards and laterally

32
Q

what are the true cranial nerves olfactory

A

those that pass through the cribriform plate

33
Q

where do the olfactory afferents synapse

A

in olfactory bulb

34
Q

what does the olfactory bulb contain

A

cell bodies

35
Q

what goes to the cerebrum CNI

A

post synaptic neurones as olfactory tracts (run along side of frontal lobe)

36
Q

what is the ocular motor involved in

A
  • carrying information to the eye and eye muscles

- reflex activities of the eye

37
Q

where is the visual cortex

A

in the occipital bone

38
Q

where do most of the axons of optic tract synapse and carry on as

A

lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus

- optic radions to visual cortex

39
Q

how do some axons travel to the ocular motor nuclei

A

diverge into retinoacetal axons to the midbrain via pretectal nucleus

40
Q

what are the cranial motor nerves to the extraocular muscles of the globe

A

ocular motor
trochlear
abducens

41
Q

where do the CN attach to of the eye

A

bony wall of the orbit or tendinous ring at back of orbit

42
Q

where do the motor cranial nerves of the eye pass through of the skull

A

superior orbital tissues of sphenoid bone

43
Q

where do the motor eye cranial nerves emerge from of the brain

A

occularmotor - midbrain
trochlear - midbrain
abducens - pons

44
Q

what does CN III cary

A

parasympathetic axons supplying pupillary constrictor muscles and ciliary muscles (reflexes)

45
Q

what is vertical diplopia

A

SO not working

eye drifts upwards

46
Q

what is torsional diplopia

A

double vision involving rotation towards the midline

- patient often inclines head to opposite side to fuse images

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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