cranial nerves 1 :)

Question 1

how many pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 1

12

Question 2

name the nerves

Answer 2

olfactory 
optic 
ocular motor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibular
glossopharyngeal
vagus 
accessory 
hypoglossal

Question 3

what is olfactory nerves for

Answer 3

special sensory for smell

Question 4

where do the olfactory nerves pass through

Answer 4

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone (through olfactory bulbs)

Question 5

clinical tests for olfactory nerves

Answer 5

strong smelling substance under each nostril

Question 6

optic nerves

Answer 6

special sensory vision

Question 7

where do optic nerves orginiate

Answer 7

retina of the eye

Question 8

where do the optic nerves psss

Answer 8

through optic canals of sphenoid bone to diecencephlon via optic chiasm

Question 9

where do temporal field images hit

Answer 9

nasal half of retina

Question 10

where do nasal visual fields hit

Answer 10

temporal half of retina

Question 11

where do optic nerves converge

Answer 11

ventral anterior margin of diencephalon at the optic chiasm

Question 12

what happens to optic nerves at the optic chiasm

Answer 12

temporal visual fields (from nasal half) cross at chiasm and go to opposite side
axons from temporal half of retina remain uncrossed

Question 13

what happens with damage to optic nerve

Answer 13

blindness in same eye

Question 14

damage to optic chiams

Answer 14

bitemporal hemianopia (loss of temporal fields as nasal fields cross over which carry temporal)

Question 15

damage to optic tract

Answer 15

complete visual loss

Question 16

clinical tests for optic

Answer 16

snellen charts measure visual acuity

test visual fields, 4 quadrants of each eye

Question 17

damage to ocular nerve

Answer 17

diplopia
laterla strabismus
dilated pupil in affected eye(due to unopposed sympathetic stimulation to dilator pupil)

Question 18

damage to abducens nerve

Answer 18

diplopia

medial strabismus

Question 19

what has the longest path in contact with bone out of the cranial nerbes

Answer 19

abducens

may be conreppsied due to intercrainail pressure

Question 20

damage to trochlear nerve

Answer 20

vertical diplopia

torsional diplopia

Question 21

clinical test for trochlear

Answer 21

patients to allow end for pen as it is moved across visual fields

Question 22

clinical test for ocular motor nerve

Answer 22

shine light in eye to check for pupillary light reflex

Question 23

muscles of the eye

Answer 23

4 rectus (S I L M)
2 oblique (S I)

Question 24

innervation for the muscles of the eye

Answer 24

3(LR6SO4)
ocular 3
trochlear 4
abducens 6

Question 25

where does trochlear nerve pass

Answer 25

passes through trochlear (cartilage) attaches to globe to change direction of the muscles fibres

Question 26

action of superior rectus

Answer 26

medially upwards

Question 27

action of medial rectus

Answer 27

towards midline

Question 28

action of superior oblique

Answer 28

down and out

Question 29

inferior rectus

Answer 29

medially downwards

Question 30

action of lateral rectus

Answer 30

laterally

Question 31

action of inferior oblique

Answer 31

upwards and laterally

Question 32

what are the true cranial nerves olfactory

Answer 32

those that pass through the cribriform plate

Question 33

where do the olfactory afferents synapse

Answer 33

in olfactory bulb

Question 34

what does the olfactory bulb contain

Answer 34

cell bodies

Question 35

what goes to the cerebrum CNI

Answer 35

post synaptic neurones as olfactory tracts (run along side of frontal lobe)

Question 36

what is the ocular motor involved in

Answer 36

- carrying information to the eye and eye muscles | - reflex activities of the eye

Question 37

where is the visual cortex

Answer 37

in the occipital bone

Question 38

where do most of the axons of optic tract synapse and carry on as

Answer 38

lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus | - optic radions to visual cortex

Question 39

how do some axons travel to the ocular motor nuclei

Answer 39

diverge into retinoacetal axons to the midbrain via pretectal nucleus

Question 40

what are the cranial motor nerves to the extraocular muscles of the globe

Answer 40

ocular motor trochlear abducens

Question 41

where do the CN attach to of the eye

Answer 41

bony wall of the orbit or tendinous ring at back of orbit

Question 42

where do the motor cranial nerves of the eye pass through of the skull

Answer 42

superior orbital tissues of sphenoid bone

Question 43

where do the motor eye cranial nerves emerge from of the brain

Answer 43

occularmotor - midbrain trochlear - midbrain abducens - pons

Question 44

what does CN III cary

Answer 44

parasympathetic axons supplying pupillary constrictor muscles and ciliary muscles (reflexes)

Question 45

what is vertical diplopia

Answer 45

SO not working | eye drifts upwards

Question 46

what is torsional diplopia

Answer 46

double vision involving rotation towards the midline | - patient often inclines head to opposite side to fuse images