normal periodontium2 :)

Question 1

components of the periodontium

Answer 1

cementum
alveolar bone
periodontal ligament
gingivae

Question 2

alveolar bone

Answer 2

forms tooth socket and attachment of PDL

Question 3

periodontal ligamnet

Answer 3

connects cementum to alveolar bone and gingival

Question 4

cementum

Answer 4

part of tooth

functions as part of periodontal support

Question 5

what do the cells of PDLdo

Answer 5

maintain and repair alveolar bone and cementum

- reservoir where bone/cementum cells are derived

Question 6

effects of stress on tooth of PDL

Answer 6

heavy stress leads to thicker PDL

functionless tooth PDL is thin

Question 7

what does the PDL consist of

see lec for histology view

Answer 7

fibres - collagen arranged in bundles, attached to gingivae
ECM
cells

Question 8

other cells within the PDL

Answer 8

undifferentiated ectomesencymal cells
epithelial cell rests (remnants of epithelial sheath)
other connective tissue cell types (macrophages, mast cells_

Question 9

what can epithelial cell rests appear as

Answer 9

isolated groups of cells or network of cells

close to cementum

Question 10

what colour do the fibres of PDL stain with connective tissue

Answer 10

brown

Question 11

fibres in PDL

Answer 11

principle 
horizontal 
transeptal
apicla
interradicular
alvelodental
dentogingival

Question 12

gingivae

Answer 12

part of oral mucosa that surrounds tooth and covers alveolar ridge

Question 13

what does the gingiva do

Answer 13

protect the underlying tissues from oral enviroment

- tooth dependant

Question 14

what does healthy gingiva look like

Answer 14

pink
firm
scalloped

Question 15

distinct zones of gingiva

Answer 15

marginal gingiva

attatched gingiva

Question 16

gingival margin

Answer 16

forms a cuff around neck of tooth

Question 17

surfaces of the gingival marign

Answer 17

outer surface - keratinsed

inner - non keratinised

Question 18

gingival papilla

Answer 18

cone shaped between teeth

• papilla fills the space in the interdental embrasure apical to the contact point
• smooth surface

Question 19

functional mucosa

Answer 19

extends from free gingival groove to mucogingival junction where it meets the alveolar mucosa

Question 20

mucoperiosteum

Answer 20

tightly bound to underlying alveolar bone
stippled appearance
widest in incisor region

Question 21

gingiva

Answer 21

contains soft connective tissue and connective tissue of PDL

- collagen fibres insert int alveolar bone or cementum

Question 22

what forms collagen fibres

Answer 22

fibroblasts

Question 23

what do the gingival fibres do

Answer 23

keep the tooth in place

run into the soft tissue firmly attaching the gingiva to necks of teeth

Question 24

groups of gingival fibres

Answer 24

dentogingival
alveologingival
circular
trans septal

Question 25

dentogingival fibres

Answer 25

from cervical cementum to corium (lamina propria)

Question 26

alveologingival

Answer 26

from alveolar crest (tip of bone) and extend into corium (CT)

Question 27

circular

Answer 27

encircle tooth

Question 28

trans septal GINGIVAL

Answer 28

extend interproximally between adjacent teeth

Question 29

interdental gingiva

Answer 29

cocave | - site of initial lesion in gingivitus

Question 30

gingival cuff

Answer 30

circular fibres | juncitional epithelium crevicular fluid

Question 31

junctional epithelium

Answer 31

lies against enamel and extends to CEJ(cementoenamel junction)

Question 32

fucntion of the periodontium

Answer 32

attachment and support nutritive sensation

Question 33

what do all components of the periodontium do

Answer 33

absorb masticatory forces

Question 34

what happens to blood under masticatory forces

Answer 34

compressed as fibre bundles tensed | blood displaced into bone through volkmanns canals

Question 35

what happens to the ECM under masticatory forces

Answer 35

hydrophilic cannot be compressed - pushes out alevolar walls to increase tension in fibre groups

Question 36

nerves in PDL

Answer 36

free nerve ending | encapsulated endings

Question 37

what do encapsulated nerve endings to

Answer 37

mechanoreceptors

Question 38

what do free nerve endings transmit

Answer 38

pain

Question 39

explain what mechanoreceptors do

Answer 39

impulses to mesnephalic nucleus of trigeminla nerev | - this inhibits muscles of mastication therefore stop action

Question 40

what are light forces on the PDL cushioned by

Answer 40

intravascular fluid that is forced out of blood vessels

Question 41

what are moderate forces on PDL taken up by

Answer 41

extravascular fluid that is forced out of the periodontal ligament space into the adjacent marrow spaces

Question 42

what are heavier forces on PDL taken up by

Answer 42

principle fibres

Question 43

What does the remodelling function of the PDL alloq

Answer 43

provides cells that are able to form as well as resorb tissues that make up the attachment apparatus

Question 44

what does the attached gingiva do

Answer 44

keeps the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth

Question 45

what does cementum do

Answer 45

anchor teeth to alveolar bone via the PDL | - protective layer over dentine

Question 46

tooth movemnts

Answer 46

eruption and exfoliation approximate frit masticatory load orthodontic tooth movement

Question 47

what is post eruptive tooth movemtn

Answer 47

maintaining the position of the erupted tooth in occlusion while the jaws continue to grow and compensate for occlusal and proximal tooth wear

Question 48

what are the 3 categories of post eruptive tooth movemnt

Answer 48

accommodate for growing jaws compensate for occlusal wear accommodate for interproximal wear

Question 49

approxminal drift

Answer 49

all teeth move towards the midline over time | -dependant on degree of wear of contact points between adjacent and no. missing teeth

Question 50

what may approximate drift lead to

Answer 50

crowding later in life

Question 51

what forces lead to approximal drift

Answer 51

anterior component of occlusal force soft tissue pressure pushing onto the teeth contraction of the transeptal ligament between teeth

Question 52

orthodontic tooth movement can only occur if

Answer 52

bone resorption occurs in the direction which tooth is being moved

Question 53

explain orthodontic tooth movemtn

Answer 53

bone respiration occurs in direction of tooth movement pressure on surface of alveolar bone in direction of movement causes tension on PD on opposite side of root causes changes in vascular and neural tissue along the bone and cementum boen respobtion on on side and bone formation on the other side

Question 54

what does the tension side(application of orthodontic force) of orthodontic tooth movement look like

Answer 54

PDL taut | bone depostition

Question 55

what does the pressure side of orthodontic tooth movement look like

Answer 55

PDL slack no real pattern bone respobtion

Question 56

what does too much orthodontic moves lead to

Answer 56

PDL fibres break down faster than replaced | inflammation causes respobtion of root apicies

Question 57

what is tipping movement and when is it used

Answer 57

pressure on a specific area to change the occlusion only (apex not moved)

Question 58

Bodily movement

Answer 58

root moved in the same direction | compression changes in PDL upon advancing root surface, tension changes in PDL bone and cementum on opposite side

Question 59

what happens if compression of orthodontics is too great

Answer 59

hyalinisation of PDL | therefore it is colourless

Question 60

on the compression surface what is responsible

Answer 60

osteoclasts

Question 61

what is a reversal line

Answer 61

area where deposition starts

Question 62

appearance of cells on the tension surface

Answer 62

``` collagen fibres stretched cells orientated in direction of tension - fibroblasts - osteoclasts -cementoblasts ```

Question 63

orthodontic tooth movement

Answer 63

``` tilting body rotation combinations of tipping and rotation intrusion extrusion ```

Question 64

what is extrusion

Answer 64

pulling the tooth doen

Question 65

what happens if a tooth is pulled too far forward

Answer 65

areas of fenestration i.e. hole

Question 66

what is it called when a tooth is pulled too far out

Answer 66

dehiscence | - leads to gingival recession

Question 67

where does periodontitis start

Answer 67

at gingival margin with inflammation due to plaque stagnation

Question 68

biological treatment options of periodontitis

Answer 68

oral hygiene instruction | scaling and RSD

Question 69

what are the goals of PD therapy

Answer 69

eliminate infmallation | restore lost periodontium (by activating undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells)

Question 70

how does the follicle differentiate

Answer 70

source of cementoblasts and fibroblasts | may contribute to alveolar bone

Question 71

regeneration products

Answer 71

bio-oss bio-gide emdogain

Question 72

bio - oss

Answer 72

natural bone substitute material

Question 73

bio - gide

Answer 73

membrane bilateral stricture | holds bio oss together

Question 74

emdogain

Answer 74

makes bony influx in area placed | allows for colonisation, proliferation and differentiation of cells (forms a 3d ECM)

Question 75

regeneration therapu

Answer 75

``` regereration of tooth support use protins biological membranes growth factors emdogain bacterial products ```