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oral cavity - BDS 1 > normal periodontium2 :) > Flashcards

normal periodontium2 :) Flashcards

1
Q

components of the periodontium

A

cementum
alveolar bone
periodontal ligament
gingivae

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2
Q

alveolar bone

A

forms tooth socket and attachment of PDL

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3
Q

periodontal ligamnet

A

connects cementum to alveolar bone and gingival

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4
Q

cementum

A

part of tooth

functions as part of periodontal support

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5
Q

what do the cells of PDLdo

A

maintain and repair alveolar bone and cementum

- reservoir where bone/cementum cells are derived

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6
Q

effects of stress on tooth of PDL

A

heavy stress leads to thicker PDL

functionless tooth PDL is thin

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7
Q

what does the PDL consist of

see lec for histology view

A

fibres - collagen arranged in bundles, attached to gingivae
ECM
cells

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8
Q

other cells within the PDL

A

undifferentiated ectomesencymal cells
epithelial cell rests (remnants of epithelial sheath)
other connective tissue cell types (macrophages, mast cells_

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9
Q

what can epithelial cell rests appear as

A

isolated groups of cells or network of cells

close to cementum

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10
Q

what colour do the fibres of PDL stain with connective tissue

A

brown

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11
Q

fibres in PDL

A 
principle 
horizontal 
transeptal
apicla
interradicular
alvelodental
dentogingival
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12
Q

gingivae

A

part of oral mucosa that surrounds tooth and covers alveolar ridge

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13
Q

what does the gingiva do

A

protect the underlying tissues from oral enviroment

- tooth dependant

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14
Q

what does healthy gingiva look like

A

pink
firm
scalloped

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15
Q

distinct zones of gingiva

A

marginal gingiva

attatched gingiva

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16
Q

gingival margin

A

forms a cuff around neck of tooth

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17
Q

surfaces of the gingival marign

A

outer surface - keratinsed

inner - non keratinised

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18
Q

gingival papilla

A

cone shaped between teeth

  • papilla fills the space in the interdental embrasure apical to the contact point
  • smooth surface
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19
Q

functional mucosa

A

extends from free gingival groove to mucogingival junction where it meets the alveolar mucosa

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20
Q

mucoperiosteum

A

tightly bound to underlying alveolar bone
stippled appearance
widest in incisor region

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21
Q

gingiva

A

contains soft connective tissue and connective tissue of PDL

- collagen fibres insert int alveolar bone or cementum

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22
Q

what forms collagen fibres

A

fibroblasts

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23
Q

what do the gingival fibres do

A

keep the tooth in place

run into the soft tissue firmly attaching the gingiva to necks of teeth

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24
Q

groups of gingival fibres

A

dentogingival
alveologingival
circular
trans septal

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25
Q

dentogingival fibres

A

from cervical cementum to corium (lamina propria)

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26
Q

alveologingival

A

from alveolar crest (tip of bone) and extend into corium (CT)

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27
Q

circular

A

encircle tooth

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28
Q

trans septal GINGIVAL

A

extend interproximally between adjacent teeth

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29
Q

interdental gingiva

A

cocave

- site of initial lesion in gingivitus

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30
Q

gingival cuff

A

circular fibres

juncitional epithelium crevicular fluid

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31
Q

junctional epithelium

A

lies against enamel and extends to CEJ(cementoenamel junction)

32
Q

fucntion of the periodontium

A

attachment and support
nutritive
sensation

33
Q

what do all components of the periodontium do

A

absorb masticatory forces

34
Q

what happens to blood under masticatory forces

A

compressed as fibre bundles tensed

blood displaced into bone through volkmanns canals

35
Q

what happens to the ECM under masticatory forces

A

hydrophilic
cannot be compressed
- pushes out alevolar walls to increase tension in fibre groups

36
Q

nerves in PDL

A

free nerve ending

encapsulated endings

37
Q

what do encapsulated nerve endings to

A

mechanoreceptors

38
Q

what do free nerve endings transmit

A

pain

39
Q

explain what mechanoreceptors do

A

impulses to mesnephalic nucleus of trigeminla nerev

- this inhibits muscles of mastication therefore stop action

40
Q

what are light forces on the PDL cushioned by

A

intravascular fluid that is forced out of blood vessels

41
Q

what are moderate forces on PDL taken up by

A

extravascular fluid that is forced out of the periodontal ligament space into the adjacent marrow spaces

42
Q

what are heavier forces on PDL taken up by

A

principle fibres

43
Q

What does the remodelling function of the PDL alloq

A

provides cells that are able to form as well as resorb tissues that make up the attachment apparatus

44
Q

what does the attached gingiva do

A

keeps the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth

45
Q

what does cementum do

A

anchor teeth to alveolar bone via the PDL

- protective layer over dentine

46
Q

tooth movemnts

A

eruption and exfoliation
approximate frit
masticatory load
orthodontic tooth movement

47
Q

what is post eruptive tooth movemtn

A

maintaining the position of the erupted tooth in occlusion while the jaws continue to grow and compensate for occlusal and proximal tooth wear

48
Q

what are the 3 categories of post eruptive tooth movemnt

A

accommodate for growing jaws
compensate for occlusal wear
accommodate for interproximal wear

49
Q

approxminal drift

A

all teeth move towards the midline over time

-dependant on degree of wear of contact points between adjacent and no. missing teeth

50
Q

what may approximate drift lead to

A

crowding later in life

51
Q

what forces lead to approximal drift

A

anterior component of occlusal force
soft tissue pressure pushing onto the teeth
contraction of the transeptal ligament between teeth

52
Q

orthodontic tooth movement can only occur if

A

bone resorption occurs in the direction which tooth is being moved

53
Q

explain orthodontic tooth movemtn

A

bone respiration occurs in direction of tooth movement
pressure on surface of alveolar bone in direction of movement
causes tension on PD on opposite side of root
causes changes in vascular and neural tissue along the bone and cementum
boen respobtion on on side and bone formation on the other side

54
Q

what does the tension side(application of orthodontic force) of orthodontic tooth movement look like

A

PDL taut

bone depostition

55
Q

what does the pressure side of orthodontic tooth movement look like

A

PDL slack
no real pattern
bone respobtion

56
Q

what does too much orthodontic moves lead to

A

PDL fibres break down faster than replaced

inflammation causes respobtion of root apicies

57
Q

what is tipping movement and when is it used

A

pressure on a specific area
to change the occlusion only
(apex not moved)

58
Q

Bodily movement

A

root moved in the same direction

compression changes in PDL upon advancing root surface, tension changes in PDL bone and cementum on opposite side

59
Q

what happens if compression of orthodontics is too great

A

hyalinisation of PDL

therefore it is colourless

60
Q

on the compression surface what is responsible

A

osteoclasts

61
Q

what is a reversal line

A

area where deposition starts

62
Q

appearance of cells on the tension surface

A 
collagen fibres stretched
cells orientated in direction of tension
- fibroblasts
- osteoclasts
-cementoblasts
63
Q

orthodontic tooth movement

A 
tilting 
body 
rotation
combinations of tipping and rotation
intrusion
extrusion
64
Q

what is extrusion

A

pulling the tooth doen

65
Q

what happens if a tooth is pulled too far forward

A

areas of fenestration i.e. hole

66
Q

what is it called when a tooth is pulled too far out

A

dehiscence

- leads to gingival recession

67
Q

where does periodontitis start

A

at gingival margin with inflammation due to plaque stagnation

68
Q

biological treatment options of periodontitis

A

oral hygiene instruction

scaling and RSD

69
Q

what are the goals of PD therapy

A

eliminate infmallation

restore lost periodontium (by activating undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells)

70
Q

how does the follicle differentiate

A

source of cementoblasts and fibroblasts

may contribute to alveolar bone

71
Q

regeneration products

A

bio-oss
bio-gide
emdogain

72
Q

bio - oss

A

natural bone substitute material

73
Q

bio - gide

A

membrane bilateral stricture

holds bio oss together

74
Q

emdogain

A

makes bony influx in area placed

allows for colonisation, proliferation and differentiation of cells (forms a 3d ECM)

75
Q

regeneration therapu

A 
regereration of tooth support 
use protins
biological membranes
growth factors
emdogain
bacterial products

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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