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oral cavity - BDS 1 > enamel development and function :) > Flashcards

enamel development and function :) Flashcards

1
Q

what is enamel derived from

A

ectodermal enamel organ

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2
Q

what does enamel form

A

surface layer of anatomical crown

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3
Q

minerlisation of enamel

A

96%

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4
Q

what cells form enamel

A

ameloblasts

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5
Q

what do ameloblasts come from

A

differentiate from the interla dental epithelium starting from the uppermost part

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6
Q

what causes a signal to be sent to the IDE to differentiate into ameloblasts

A

dental papillary cells form odontoblasts

secrete dentine and signal is sent

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7
Q

what forms first dentine or enamel

A

dentien

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8
Q

what induces the differentiaion of IDE into emeloblasts

A

BMPs

secreted by odontoblasts into dentine matrix

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9
Q

how do ameloblasts deposit enamel

A

from secretory end
move in an S shape
absorb protiens from enamel as it is mineralised

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10
Q

phases of enamel formation

A

secretory
transition
maturation

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11
Q

what % is mineralised when it is first secreted

A

30%

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12
Q

what happens in the maturation phase

A

organic material is removed

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13
Q

what happens in the transition phase

A

increased mineral content from30 to 96%

secretion of amelogenin

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14
Q

how is the enamel deposited initially

A

prismatic

adjacent to the ADJ

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15
Q

what happens during secretion of enamel steps

A

ameloblasts produce a pyrmatidal tomes process

HAP crystals are laid down at right angles to the cell surface (from to apex)

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16
Q

where are rod boundaries

A

coincide with tomes process apex

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17
Q

how do rod boundaries happen

A

HAP crystals are laid down at right angles to the cell surface so either side is opposite rods

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18
Q

enamel maturaltion

A

crystals get thicker as the enamel becomes more mineralised

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19
Q

enamel structure

A

keyhole shape - interlock to strength enamel

rods run parallel in layers

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20
Q

what does the enamel structure have

A

shallow sinusoidal curvature

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21
Q

what occurs during enamel formation

A

amelogenins are withdrawn and destroyed by enamelysins
enamelins left
space vacated is replaced by water
HAP grow in thickness displacing water

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22
Q

what does fluoride to

A

strengthen enamel

23
Q

what can protein do to enamel if not removed

A

developmental defect

protein inhibit mineralisation by preventing crystal crystal fusion

24
Q

what is the reduced enamel epithelium

A

amelobalsts and EDE?

protects the enamel and forms part of the gingiva

25
Q

what are examples of defects of enamel development

A 
hypoplasia
hypominerlisation
amelogensis imperfecta
fluoride induced opacity
intrinsic discolouration
26
Q

what is hypoplasia

A

thinner layer of enamel on crown

27
Q

what is hypominerlisation

A

less mineralised

occurs in maturation stage

28
Q

what is amelogensis imperfect

A

abnormalities in genes involved in enamel formation

29
Q

what does too much fluoride cause

A

less mineralisation as it affects protein degredation

30
Q

what cannot be presribed to pregnant women

A

tetracyclines

caused discoloured enamel to foetus

31
Q

what are optical artefacts of enamel

A

interference and diffraction(interaction and bending)

reflection and refraction(speed changes)

32
Q

where do enamel rods run

A

from ADJ to outer surface

in adjacent layers offset abut 2degress from eahc other

33
Q

what desgin features of enamel give strength

A

offset of enamel rods

keyhole shape

34
Q

what is enamel supported by

A

dentine and PDL

35
Q

what does the PDL do

A

absorbs masticatory loads

36
Q

properties of dentine

A

high tensile and compressional strenght

37
Q

how does enamel form

A

in increments

brown striae and dailty incrememtal lines

38
Q

what is the neonatal line

A

exaggerated incremental line in teeth mineralising at birhtas ameloblasts pause their activity

39
Q

what teeth have the neonatal line

A

the developing teeth at birth ie 6’s

40
Q

what are enamle spindles

A

at ADJ

odontoblasts get trapped within the enamel

41
Q

what are enamel tufts

A

found at ADJ in transverse section

areas of hypomineralised rods

42
Q

what are enamel lamallae

A

cracks that run through enamel following lines of prism orientation
may cause the tooth to fracture

43
Q

what happens once enamel is fomed

A

it cannot be reparied as the ameloblasts die

44
Q

how can remineralisation occur

A

saliva contains calcium and phosphate (ion exchange)

45
Q

how do carious lesions appear initially

A

white spots

46
Q

what is topical fluride

A

exchange of fluride for hydroxl ions in apatite crystals

47
Q

what type of surface will restorative materials adhere to and how is this done

A

roughened surface
‘acid etch’
applying acid to enamel surface and then washing off

48
Q

what does fluride do to calcified material

A

will decrease its acid solubility

49
Q

how can fluide be appliec

A

topically

systemically

50
Q

what can be seen in ground sections

A 
brown striae(like tree trunk circle lines)
light interfernece lines
51
Q

what forms the reduced enamel epithelium

A

the enamel organ reduces in thickness and forms the REE

52
Q

what provides nutrients for amelobalsts

A

stellate reticulum

53
Q

what is the matrix of enamel in the secretory phase

A

matrix consists of amelogenin and enamelin proteins ratio 20:1

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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