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oral cavity - BDS 1 > blood supply to the brain :) > Flashcards

blood supply to the brain :) Flashcards

1
Q

cranial meninges layer

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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2
Q

dura mater

A

outer

tough and fiberous

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3
Q

arachnoid mater

A

projections

spiderweb like

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4
Q

pia mater

A

delicate and fine layer

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5
Q

what does inflammation of the meninges lead to

A

meningitis

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6
Q

what are the cranial meninges continuous with

A

spinal meninges

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7
Q

what does the dura mater consist of

A 
endosteal layer
- outer
- bound to cranium
meningeal layer
- inner layer
- in contact with arachnoid mater
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8
Q

what are dural folds

A

inner layer reflects off at certain points

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9
Q

dural folds

A

falx cerebri
tentorum cerebelli
fall cerebelli

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10
Q

falx cerebri

A

anterior ot posterior of skull

between cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

tentorum cerebelli

A

extends between cerebral hemisphere and celebellum

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12
Q

falx cerebelli

A

underneath tentorium cerebellli

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13
Q

space between the arachnoid and Pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

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14
Q

describe the arachnoid mayer

A

translucent layer that covers brain
provides a smooth surface
fibres from arachnoid to Pia maer

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15
Q

describe pia mater

A

thin layer adhered to brain extending into every fold of the brain

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16
Q

extradural space

A

potential (i.e. not in normal anatomy) space between dura mater and crainium

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17
Q

what are embedded in the outer dura mater

A

meningeal arteries

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18
Q

what does rupture of the meningeal arteries lead to

A

bleeding into the extradural space
increased intercranial pressure
pressure forces brain down, brainstem herniates into foramen magnum
respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest

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19
Q

what is found in the subarachnoid space

A

cerebrospinal fluid

arteries/veins to and from brain

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20
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid

A

filtrate of blood plasma

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21
Q

what is the subarachnoid space

A

real (i.e. in normal anatomy)space between the arachnoid and Pia mater

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22
Q

how long does a subarachnoid haemorrhage take to spread

A

24-48hrs

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23
Q

what are the spaces between the dural folds called

A

venous sinuses (important in venous drainage of veins)

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24
Q

where do veins empty into

A

venous sinuses

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25
Q

where do the venous sinuses drain into

A

ito internal jugular veins

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26
Q

what drain into the venous sinuses

A

superficial and deep veins drain into sinuses through emissary veins passing through the skull

27
Q

what do emissary veins allow

A

potential spread of infection as they run through small forimina

28
Q

theories of small forimina in the skull??

A

helps cool blood around the brain

allows blood to pass from Venus sinuses outside the cranium to reduce cranial pressure

29
Q

where do venous sinuses connect with superficial and deep veins through

A

orbit
pterygoid venous plexus
pharyngeal venous plexus
emissary veins

30
Q

where is arterial supply of the brain fro

A

internal carotid arteries

vertebral artiereis

31
Q

what are vertebral arteries branches of

A

subclavian arteries

32
Q

internal carotid arteries course

A

goes to underside of cranium through carotid canal then to the brain

33
Q

course of vertebral arteries

A

through transverse foramina then through foramen magnum

run either side of medulla, join at pons to form bacillary artiery.

34
Q

what is the ancillary artier formed from

A

vertebral arteries

35
Q

what does the bacillary artier give off

A

short medullary and pontine arteries (supply pons and medulla)

36
Q

what does the common carotid artery bifurcate into

A

internal and external carotid arteries

37
Q

what type of artieies are the branches of bacillary artery and the internal carotid arties

A

true end artuers

one artery supplies a specific area where there is no other blood supply

38
Q

where do the cerebellar artieres arise from

A

vertebrobasilar system

39
Q

what do the cerebellar arteries supply

A

cerebellum

lateral aspects of the brainstem

40
Q

what does damage to cerebellar arteries results in

A 
cerebellar ataxia (jerky pattern)
cranial nerve signs and symptoms (depends on the level of brainstem that is affected CN9 10 11 12)
41
Q

What causes lateral medullary syndrome

A

blockage of posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artier

42
Q

symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome

A

cerebellar ataxia
damage to nuclei of CN IX
damage to nuclei of CN X

43
Q

what does damage of CN IX lead to

A

dysphagia

no sensation to pharynx

44
Q

damage of CN X lead to

A

no sensation/motor to larynx
no motor to pharynx
so no cough reflex, dysphagia, dysphonia

45
Q

what does the bacillary artery divide into

A

posterior cerebral arteries

46
Q

what do the internal carotid arteries divide into

A

anterior cerebral artery

middle cerebral artery

47
Q

what do the an/midd/post cerebral artieries supply

A

hemisphere

48
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artier supply

A

thin strip on saggital part

majority of inner surface of brain

49
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply

A

parietal (leg area of motor/sensory cortex)

temporal

50
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A

occipital (i.e. visual cortex)

underneath

51
Q

what is brocas area linked to

A

speech motor area

unable to speak what they are thinking

52
Q

wernikes area

A

interpretation and understanding of speed

speech makes no sense but can speak

53
Q

what supplies brocas/wernikes area

A

middle cerebral arteriy

54
Q

what can disease/damage to arteries supplying the brain lead to

A

stroke

55
Q

types of stroke

A

ischemic stroke

haemorrhagic stroke

56
Q

what causes an ischemic stroke

A

due to a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood

57
Q

what causes a haemorrhage stroke

A

burst blood vessel (aneurysm) or due to drama (tearing) leading to blood leaking into the tissue

58
Q

effects of isemic stroke

A

brain function lost were blood supply is germanely absent

59
Q

effects of harmorrhagic stroke

A

short term effects worse

mass of hematoma decreases over time, function may return

60
Q

where does the brain receive blood supply from

A

vertebral bacilar artery

carotid arteries

61
Q

circle of willis

A

internal carotid arteries and vertebasilar system joined via communicating arteries - cn act as alternative blood supply if blood vessels damaged

62
Q

what do the anterior communicating artieries join t

A

the two sides of the carotid arteries

63
Q

what do the posterior communicating arteries join

A

cerebral and bacillary artieries

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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