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oral cavity - BDS 1 > embroyonic development :) > Flashcards

embroyonic development :) Flashcards

1
Q

what does human development start out as

A

oocyte (single cell)

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2
Q

how long does human development take

A

38 wks

3 trimesters

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3
Q

what are the 3 trimester stages called

A

pre-embryonic period
embryonic period
fetal period

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4
Q

what occurs in pre embroyonic period and time

A

embryonic germ layers formed(make the basic tissues needed to form the organism)
0-2.5 wks

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5
Q

embryonic period and time

A

2.5-8wks

rudiments of most organims and tissues develop

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6
Q

fetal period and time

A

8wk to 9mn
rudiments grow and mature
called a foetus

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7
Q

what has to form early on

A

heart and CVS system to push nutrients around the body

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8
Q

what can embroyonic cells do

A

divide
death (remove cell by apotosis)
fixed/motile (chemical gradients may cause movements)
shape change(may be needed to form polarised cells)
specilalise

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9
Q

what is cleavage

A

series of cell divisions that subdivides the cytoplasm

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10
Q

what occurs in pre embryonic development

A

cleavage
morula formation
blastocyte formation

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11
Q

during cleavage…

A

size of the blastomere stays the same

no cells increases

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12
Q

what is a morula

A

ball of 16 cells

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13
Q

what happens to the morula

A

takes up fluid and hollows out to form a blastocyte

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14
Q

what forms the extra emmbryonic structres

A

trophoblast

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15
Q

what surrounds the blastocyte after 5/6 days and purpose

A

zona pallucida

prevent sperm entering early

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16
Q

what is found in the blastocyte

A

inner cell mass (figure of 8 shape)

form the embyro

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17
Q

what does the pre embryo appear as

A

bilaminar disk (2 cell layers)

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18
Q

what are the 2 layers of the pre embryo

A

epiblast (upper layer, columnar cells)

hypoblast (lower layer, cuboidal cells)

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19
Q

what occurs after the pre embryo is formed

A

gastrulation

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20
Q

what is gastrulation

A

where the 3rd germ layer is formed

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21
Q

gastrulation process steps

A

epiblast cells move towards the primitive streak(accross the embryonic disk) and invaginate to displace the hypoblast cells
some epilast cells detach and move betwee the epiblast and hypoblast layer
notochord fomration

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22
Q

what does the primitive streak do

A

estavlished the cranial/caudal ends and the right/left of embryo

23
Q

what are the three embryonic layers

A

ectoderm (outer)
mesoderm (middle)
endoderm (inner)

24
Q

what are the three embryonic layers in terms of abilty to speclise

A

mulipotent

25
Q

what does gastrulation allow

A

basic framework of embryo formed

all adult systems reconisable at 8wks

26
Q

what happens after gastrulation

A

organonesis

1st step within that is neuralation

27
Q

what happens in neuralation

A

formation of neural tube grt the CNS

28
Q

as the CNS develops what else develops

A

another germ layer (ectomesoderm)

29
Q

neuralation steps

A

ectoderm thickens in midline(above the notochord) and grows caudally
a crease develops along the axis of the neural plate by invagination
neural folds move together and fuse to form neurla tube
neural crest ells detatch to form the neural crest

30
Q

where are neural crest cells and what does the neural crest contibute to

A

on the crest of the neural groove migrating to the mesoderm

formation of peripheral NS

31
Q

what do crainial neural cells differentaite into

A

craniofacil cartialge and bones

32
Q

what do ectoderm cells form

A

epidermis
hair
mucus epithelium (ie nose mouth)

33
Q

what do mesoderm cells form

A

skeletal/musular components

34
Q

what do endoderm cells form

A

mucus epithelium (digestive and respiratory)

35
Q

what do neuroderm cells form

A

CNS and peripheral nerves

36
Q

what does the embryo have at 3.5 wks

A

cranial and caudal ends

pharyngeal arches

37
Q

how many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there

A

6 pairs in neck
5 never forms
456 fuse
separated by cleft (externally)

38
Q

what are the arches called

A

1 - mandibular
2 - hyoid
3 - glossopharyngeal

39
Q

what are arches separated by internally

A

pouches

40
Q

what is found in each arch

A 
cartilage 
artyer
mesoderm component
cranial nerves
skeletal component
41
Q

what does the Hox gene do

A

each of muscle derived from the arch is innervated by the nerve that arises from the arch

42
Q

pharyngeal arch nerves

A

1 - trigeminal V
2- facial VII
3 - glossopharyngeal IX
4- vagus X

43
Q

what forms the external ear, iddle ear and auditory tube

A

first cleft - external

corresponding pouch - middle and tube

44
Q

where do arch deformities mainly occur

A

1st arch

45
Q

deformities of 1st arch symptoms

A 
underdeveloped mandible (class II occlusion)
malformed external ears
absent/reduced malleus/incus
46
Q

muscle derivaitves 1st arch

A

muscles of mastication

  • myelohyoid
  • anterior belly of digastric and tensor veil palatini
47
Q

muscle derivatives 2nd arch

A

stylohyoid

posterior belly of digasttic and stapedius

48
Q

muscle derivatives 3rd arch

A

stylopharyngeus

49
Q

muscle derivatives 4th arch

A

pharyngeal constricutors
soft palate
LTP
intrinsic muscles of larynx

50
Q

skeletal derivatives 1st arch

A

meckels cartilage (until mandible forms)
malleus
incus

51
Q

skeletal derivatives 2nd arch

A

stapes

styloud process

52
Q

skeletal derivatives 3rd

A

hyoid bone

53
Q

skeletal derivatives 4th

A

laryngeal cartilages

epiglottis

oral cavity - BDS 1 (66 decks)

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