salivary glands :)

Question 1

the major salivary glands and where are they

Answer 1

parotid - side of face
sublingual - underneath tongue
submandibular -underneath the tongue

Question 2

what is unstimulated saliva dominated by

Answer 2

submandibular components (larger than sublingual)

Question 3

what glands are continuously active

Answer 3

sublingual
submadibular
minor

Question 4

activity of parotid

Answer 4

mainly inactive

produce saliva upon stimulation

Question 5

whole saliva

Answer 5

salivary gland secretions 
blood 
oral tissues
microorganisms 
food remnants

Question 6

what is the salivary glands composed of

Answer 6

two epithelial tissue
acinar cells
ducts

Question 7

ducts

Answer 7

collecte to form large ducts entering the mouth
carry saliva out of gland and into the mouth
has channels and transporters

Question 8

types of acini

Answer 8

serous acini

mucous acini

Question 9

serous acinus

Answer 9

dark staining
nucleus in basal third
small central duct
secrete water and a amylase

Question 10

where is serous acini found

Answer 10

parotid

Question 11

mucous acini

Answer 11

pale staining
nucleus in base
large central duct
secrete mucus

Question 12

submandibular types of acini

Answer 12

mixed

referred as seromucous

Question 13

sublingual types of acini

Answer 13

mixed

more mucous

Question 14

types of ducts

Answer 14

interlobular ducts

main excretory ducts

Question 15

interlobular ducts

Answer 15

come straight out of lobe and feed into lager excretory ducts

Question 16

types of interlobular ducts

Answer 16

intercalated

striated

Question 17

intercalated interlobular ducts

Answer 17

short narrow duct segments

cuboidal cells that connect acini to larger striated duts (i.e. as you move away from the acini cells)

Question 18

striated interlobular ducts

Answer 18

appear striated at basal end
major site for reabsportion of NaCl
basal membrane highly folded into microbial for AT of HCO3

Question 19

what do ducts do to the saliva

Answer 19

alter saliva as it moves through the system

Question 20

what is primary saliva

Answer 20

NaCl rich

isotonic plasma like fluid secreted by acini

Question 21

how is the saliva altered by the duct syste

Answer 21

electrolyte composition modified
ducts secrete K+ and HCO£-, reabsorb Na+ and Cl-
epithelium of the duct prevents water movement so final saliva becomes hypotonic

Question 22

what is exocrine secretion triggered by

Answer 22

primarily by sympathetically

secondarily parasympathetic

Question 23

pathways of secretion

Answer 23

major regulates/minor regualted

constituitive

Question 24

major/minor regulated pathway

Answer 24

external stimulus dependant

proteins stored in secretory granules to stimulation being directly apically into saliva

Question 25

constitutive section pathway

Answer 25

non directional with continuous secretion of protien | not modulated by external stimuli

Question 26

what is the superficial outline of parotid glands

Answer 26

triangular outline between zygomatic arch and sternocleidomastoid, ramps of mandible and medial pterygoid

Question 27

what is the parotid duct

Answer 27

stensons duct

Question 28

where does stensons duct pass

Answer 28

crosses masseter, pierces buccinator and enters oral cavity at molar 7

Question 29

where can the parotid duct be palpated

Answer 29

palpate a fingers breadth beneath zygomatic arch

Question 30

what structures pass through the parotid gland

Answer 30

external carotid artery and terminal branches retromandibular vein facial nerve and branches to muscles of facial expression

Question 31

submandibular glands

Answer 31

2 lobes separated by mylohyoid muscle - large superficial lobe - smaller deep lobe in the floor of mouth

Question 32

duct of submandibular

Answer 32

whartons duct

Question 33

where does the whartons duct run

Answer 33

begins in superficial lobe wrap around free posterior border of mylohyoid runs on floor of muth empties into the OC at sublingual papillae

Question 34

serous demilunes

Answer 34

serous acini arranged as a present shaped groups of glandular cells at the bases of mucous acini

Question 35

sublingual glands

Answer 35

in the floor of the mouth between mylohyoid muscle and oral mucosa of floor of mouth

Question 36

duct of sublingual glands

Answer 36

no large duct, drains into submandibular or small ducts | - not possible to get sub mandibular and sublingual saliva

Question 37

where are minor salivary glands

Answer 37

``` concentrated in - buccal -labial -palatal - lingual also found - superior pole of tonsils - tonsillar pillars - base of tongue ```

Question 38

what are all minor salivary glands

Answer 38

mucous expect for serous glands of von ebner

Question 39

minor salivary gland ducts

Answer 39

lack a branching network of draining ducts | - each salivary unit has its own simple duct

Question 40

how to collect saliva from each of the glands

Answer 40

paritid - cotton wool rolls in the buccal sulcus submandibular/sublingual/minor - saliva ejector

Question 41

what tooth surfaces are most prone to plaque accumulation

Answer 41

those adjacent to the ducts buccal surfaces of upper molars lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth

Question 42

nervous stimulation of the glands

Answer 42

stimulation of para nerves causes production of saliva | sympathetic is selective, causes secretion of protein/glycoprotein

Question 43

salivary gland disease and dysfunction

Answer 43

obstructive inflammaotroy degernerative drug effects

Question 44

obstructive salivary gland disease

Answer 44

- Stones in saliva glands - Saliva contains calcium and phosphate ions that can form salivary calculi - Most often in submandibular - Block duct at bend around mylohyoid or at exit of sublingual papillae

Question 45

inflammatory salivary gland disease

Answer 45

- Infection secondary to blockage - Eg mumps - Pain especially over parotid because capsule does not allow much enlargement - Swelling of glands

Question 46

degernative salivary gland disease

Answer 46

- Complication of radiotherapy to head and neck for cancer treatment - Sjogrens syndrome

Question 47

xerostomia

Answer 47

may be consequence of cystic fibrerosisand sjogrens, medication, irratiation for cancers

Question 48

effects of salivary gland disfunction

Answer 48

below 50% normal flow, xerostomia lower lubrication get oral function difficulty lower OH grt poor pH control

Question 49

what does accumulation of plaque give

Answer 49

rampant dental caries gingivitis PDD