salivary glands :) Flashcards
the major salivary glands and where are they
parotid - side of face
sublingual - underneath tongue
submandibular -underneath the tongue
what is unstimulated saliva dominated by
submandibular components (larger than sublingual)
what glands are continuously active
sublingual
submadibular
minor
activity of parotid
mainly inactive
produce saliva upon stimulation
whole saliva
salivary gland secretions blood oral tissues microorganisms food remnants
what is the salivary glands composed of
two epithelial tissue
acinar cells
ducts
ducts
collecte to form large ducts entering the mouth
carry saliva out of gland and into the mouth
has channels and transporters
types of acini
serous acini
mucous acini
serous acinus
dark staining
nucleus in basal third
small central duct
secrete water and a amylase
where is serous acini found
parotid
mucous acini
pale staining
nucleus in base
large central duct
secrete mucus
submandibular types of acini
mixed
referred as seromucous
sublingual types of acini
mixed
more mucous
types of ducts
interlobular ducts
main excretory ducts
interlobular ducts
come straight out of lobe and feed into lager excretory ducts
types of interlobular ducts
intercalated
striated
intercalated interlobular ducts
short narrow duct segments
cuboidal cells that connect acini to larger striated duts (i.e. as you move away from the acini cells)
striated interlobular ducts
appear striated at basal end
major site for reabsportion of NaCl
basal membrane highly folded into microbial for AT of HCO3
what do ducts do to the saliva
alter saliva as it moves through the system
what is primary saliva
NaCl rich
isotonic plasma like fluid secreted by acini
how is the saliva altered by the duct syste
electrolyte composition modified
ducts secrete K+ and HCO£-, reabsorb Na+ and Cl-
epithelium of the duct prevents water movement so final saliva becomes hypotonic
what is exocrine secretion triggered by
primarily by sympathetically
secondarily parasympathetic
pathways of secretion
major regulates/minor regualted
constituitive
major/minor regulated pathway
external stimulus dependant
proteins stored in secretory granules to stimulation being directly apically into saliva
constitutive section pathway
non directional with continuous secretion of protien
not modulated by external stimuli
what is the superficial outline of parotid glands
triangular outline between zygomatic arch and sternocleidomastoid, ramps of mandible and medial pterygoid
what is the parotid duct
stensons duct
where does stensons duct pass
crosses masseter, pierces buccinator and enters oral cavity at molar 7
where can the parotid duct be palpated
palpate a fingers breadth beneath zygomatic arch
what structures pass through the parotid gland
external carotid artery and terminal branches
retromandibular vein
facial nerve and branches to muscles of facial expression
submandibular glands
2 lobes separated by mylohyoid muscle
- large superficial lobe
- smaller deep lobe in the floor of mouth
duct of submandibular
whartons duct
where does the whartons duct run
begins in superficial lobe
wrap around free posterior border of mylohyoid
runs on floor of muth
empties into the OC at sublingual papillae
serous demilunes
serous acini arranged as a present shaped groups of glandular cells at the bases of mucous acini
sublingual glands
in the floor of the mouth between mylohyoid muscle and oral mucosa of floor of mouth
duct of sublingual glands
no large duct, drains into submandibular or small ducts
- not possible to get sub mandibular and sublingual saliva
where are minor salivary glands
concentrated in - buccal -labial -palatal - lingual also found - superior pole of tonsils - tonsillar pillars - base of tongue
what are all minor salivary glands
mucous expect for serous glands of von ebner
minor salivary gland ducts
lack a branching network of draining ducts
- each salivary unit has its own simple duct
how to collect saliva from each of the glands
paritid
- cotton wool rolls in the buccal sulcus
submandibular/sublingual/minor
- saliva ejector
what tooth surfaces are most prone to plaque accumulation
those adjacent to the ducts
buccal surfaces of upper molars
lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth
nervous stimulation of the glands
stimulation of para nerves causes production of saliva
sympathetic is selective, causes secretion of protein/glycoprotein
salivary gland disease and dysfunction
obstructive
inflammaotroy
degernerative
drug effects
obstructive salivary gland disease
- Stones in saliva glands
- Saliva contains calcium and phosphate ions that can form salivary calculi
- Most often in submandibular
- Block duct at bend around mylohyoid or at exit of sublingual papillae
inflammatory salivary gland disease
- Infection secondary to blockage
- Eg mumps
- Pain especially over parotid because capsule does not allow much enlargement
- Swelling of glands
degernative salivary gland disease
- Complication of radiotherapy to head and neck for cancer treatment
- Sjogrens syndrome
xerostomia
may be consequence of cystic fibrerosisand sjogrens, medication, irratiation for cancers
effects of salivary gland disfunction
below 50% normal flow, xerostomia
lower lubrication get oral function difficulty
lower OH grt poor pH control
what does accumulation of plaque give
rampant dental caries
gingivitis
PDD
