saliva and salivary protiens:) Flashcards

1
Q

endo vs exocrine glands

A

endocrine do not have ducts

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2
Q

associated structures with parotid

A

serous saliva
ducts
stensens duct
facial nerve

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3
Q

associated structures with subligual

A

mixed saliva
ducts
submandibular/whartons duct

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4
Q

associated structure with submanibular

A

mixed saliva
ducts
serous demilunes
two lobes separated by mylohyoid muscle

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5
Q

why do serous cells have basophilic cytoplasm

A

protien producing organelles such as ribosomes found

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6
Q

function of striated duct s

A

ducts secrete K+ and HCO3
reabsorb Na and Cl
epithelium of duct does not allow water movement, saliva hypotonic
alter tenacity of ducts to allow movement

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7
Q

why do striated ducts appear striate

A

basal memnbrane highly folded into microvilli for AT of HCO3 against conc gradient

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8
Q

function of saliva

A

lubircant
OHygiene
digestive enzzumes
maintain oral pH

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9
Q

factors affecting composition and amount of saliva produced

A
  • Flow rate
  • Circadian rhythm (rhythm which occurs throughout the day)
  • Type and size of gland
  • Duration and type of stimulus
  • Diet
  • Drugs
  • Age (as we age we produce less saliva, can affect denture wearers especially)
  • Gender
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10
Q

what do buffering salts in saliva do

A

neutralise acid

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11
Q

what are proline rich proteins

A

antibacterial

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12
Q

what can saliva be used for

A

diagnostic tests similar in the way blood is used

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13
Q

what are the two main types of mucins

A

MG1

MG2

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14
Q

MG1

A

mostlycarbohydrates
tandem repeats
sugars can be attached to mucins (via O and N glycosylation)

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15
Q

what helps with salivas lubrication and hydration

A

mucins

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16
Q

antimicrobials in salia

A

lysozyme
sialoperoxidase
lactoferrin
histatins

17
Q

lactoferrin

A

binds to iron

18
Q

sialoperoxidase

A

breaks down bonds bacteria would use to cling onto things

19
Q

histatins

A

antifungal and antibacterial

binds to LPS, disrupts membrane

20
Q

what is the main immunoglobulin in mucous secretions

A

secretory IgA

21
Q

where is the highest level of IgA

A

minor salivary glands

22
Q

what does sIgA exhibit

A

diurnal rhythm

highest in the morning, lowest in the evening

23
Q

what does IgG do

A

opsonise (for phagocytosis)

neutralise to inhibit bacterial adhesion

24
Q

how is IgA made up

A

heavy chian
light chain
joining chain
secretory component

25
what are the two types of amylase
glycosolated | non - glycosylated
26
what does amylose do and products
``` degrade starches (amylose and amylopectin) products maltose glucose dextrins ```
27
amylose
D glucose molecules in alpha 1-4 linkage
28
amylopectin
same as amylose but has branches of 1-6 linkages
29
enamel protection from saliva
statherin proline rich protein cystatins
30
statherin
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation and crystal growth antibacterial (component of the enamel pellicle)
31
proline rich protein
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitaion antibacterial acidic, basic and glycosyalted formed
32
cystatins
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation | inhibits cysteine proteases
33
what helps remineralisaiton
PRPs and statherin | keep pores open to allow calcium and phosphate diffusion
34
why is saliva hard to use for testing for diseases etc
differnet components in saliva | different composition throughout the day
35
exosomes
cell specific lipid microvesicles | can migrate through the vascularture
36
what can saliva be used for
microarray genomics nuclear magnetic resonance