saliva and salivary protiens:)

Question 1

endo vs exocrine glands

Answer 1

endocrine do not have ducts

Question 2

associated structures with parotid

Answer 2

serous saliva
ducts
stensens duct
facial nerve

Question 3

associated structures with subligual

Answer 3

mixed saliva
ducts
submandibular/whartons duct

Question 4

associated structure with submanibular

Answer 4

mixed saliva
ducts
serous demilunes
two lobes separated by mylohyoid muscle

Question 5

why do serous cells have basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 5

protien producing organelles such as ribosomes found

Question 6

function of striated duct s

Answer 6

ducts secrete K+ and HCO3
reabsorb Na and Cl
epithelium of duct does not allow water movement, saliva hypotonic
alter tenacity of ducts to allow movement

Question 7

why do striated ducts appear striate

Answer 7

basal memnbrane highly folded into microvilli for AT of HCO3 against conc gradient

Question 8

function of saliva

Answer 8

lubircant
OHygiene
digestive enzzumes
maintain oral pH

Question 9

factors affecting composition and amount of saliva produced

Answer 9

• Flow rate
• Circadian rhythm (rhythm which occurs throughout the day)
• Type and size of gland
• Duration and type of stimulus
• Diet
• Drugs
• Age (as we age we produce less saliva, can affect denture wearers especially)
• Gender

Question 10

what do buffering salts in saliva do

Answer 10

neutralise acid

Question 11

what are proline rich proteins

Answer 11

antibacterial

Question 12

what can saliva be used for

Answer 12

diagnostic tests similar in the way blood is used

Question 13

what are the two main types of mucins

Answer 13

MG1

MG2

Question 14

MG1

Answer 14

mostlycarbohydrates
tandem repeats
sugars can be attached to mucins (via O and N glycosylation)

Question 15

what helps with salivas lubrication and hydration

Answer 15

mucins

Question 16

antimicrobials in salia

Answer 16

lysozyme
sialoperoxidase
lactoferrin
histatins

Question 17

lactoferrin

Answer 17

binds to iron

Question 18

sialoperoxidase

Answer 18

breaks down bonds bacteria would use to cling onto things

Question 19

histatins

Answer 19

antifungal and antibacterial

binds to LPS, disrupts membrane

Question 20

what is the main immunoglobulin in mucous secretions

Answer 20

secretory IgA

Question 21

where is the highest level of IgA

Answer 21

minor salivary glands

Question 22

what does sIgA exhibit

Answer 22

diurnal rhythm

highest in the morning, lowest in the evening

Question 23

what does IgG do

Answer 23

opsonise (for phagocytosis)

neutralise to inhibit bacterial adhesion

Question 24

how is IgA made up

Answer 24

heavy chian
light chain
joining chain
secretory component

Question 25

what are the two types of amylase

Answer 25

glycosolated

non - glycosylated

Question 26

what does amylose do and products

Answer 26

degrade starches (amylose and amylopectin)
products
maltose
glucose
dextrins

Question 27

amylose

Answer 27

D glucose molecules in alpha 1-4 linkage

Question 28

amylopectin

Answer 28

same as amylose but has branches of 1-6 linkages

Question 29

enamel protection from saliva

Answer 29

statherin
proline rich protein
cystatins

Question 30

statherin

Answer 30

inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation and crystal growth
antibacterial
(component of the enamel pellicle)

Question 31

proline rich protein

Answer 31

inhibits calcium phosphate precipitaion
antibacterial
acidic, basic and glycosyalted formed

Question 32

cystatins

Answer 32

inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation

inhibits cysteine proteases

Question 33

what helps remineralisaiton

Answer 33

PRPs and statherin

keep pores open to allow calcium and phosphate diffusion

Question 34

why is saliva hard to use for testing for diseases etc

Answer 34

differnet components in saliva

different composition throughout the day

Question 35

exosomes

Answer 35

cell specific lipid microvesicles

can migrate through the vascularture

Question 36

what can saliva be used for

Answer 36

microarray
genomics
nuclear magnetic resonance