saliva and salivary protiens:) Flashcards
endo vs exocrine glands
endocrine do not have ducts
associated structures with parotid
serous saliva
ducts
stensens duct
facial nerve
associated structures with subligual
mixed saliva
ducts
submandibular/whartons duct
associated structure with submanibular
mixed saliva
ducts
serous demilunes
two lobes separated by mylohyoid muscle
why do serous cells have basophilic cytoplasm
protien producing organelles such as ribosomes found
function of striated duct s
ducts secrete K+ and HCO3
reabsorb Na and Cl
epithelium of duct does not allow water movement, saliva hypotonic
alter tenacity of ducts to allow movement
why do striated ducts appear striate
basal memnbrane highly folded into microvilli for AT of HCO3 against conc gradient
function of saliva
lubircant
OHygiene
digestive enzzumes
maintain oral pH
factors affecting composition and amount of saliva produced
- Flow rate
- Circadian rhythm (rhythm which occurs throughout the day)
- Type and size of gland
- Duration and type of stimulus
- Diet
- Drugs
- Age (as we age we produce less saliva, can affect denture wearers especially)
- Gender
what do buffering salts in saliva do
neutralise acid
what are proline rich proteins
antibacterial
what can saliva be used for
diagnostic tests similar in the way blood is used
what are the two main types of mucins
MG1
MG2
MG1
mostlycarbohydrates
tandem repeats
sugars can be attached to mucins (via O and N glycosylation)
what helps with salivas lubrication and hydration
mucins
antimicrobials in salia
lysozyme
sialoperoxidase
lactoferrin
histatins
lactoferrin
binds to iron
sialoperoxidase
breaks down bonds bacteria would use to cling onto things
histatins
antifungal and antibacterial
binds to LPS, disrupts membrane
what is the main immunoglobulin in mucous secretions
secretory IgA
where is the highest level of IgA
minor salivary glands
what does sIgA exhibit
diurnal rhythm
highest in the morning, lowest in the evening
what does IgG do
opsonise (for phagocytosis)
neutralise to inhibit bacterial adhesion
how is IgA made up
heavy chian
light chain
joining chain
secretory component
what are the two types of amylase
glycosolated
non - glycosylated
what does amylose do and products
degrade starches (amylose and amylopectin) products maltose glucose dextrins
amylose
D glucose molecules in alpha 1-4 linkage
amylopectin
same as amylose but has branches of 1-6 linkages
enamel protection from saliva
statherin
proline rich protein
cystatins
statherin
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation and crystal growth
antibacterial
(component of the enamel pellicle)
proline rich protein
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitaion
antibacterial
acidic, basic and glycosyalted formed
cystatins
inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation
inhibits cysteine proteases
what helps remineralisaiton
PRPs and statherin
keep pores open to allow calcium and phosphate diffusion
why is saliva hard to use for testing for diseases etc
differnet components in saliva
different composition throughout the day
exosomes
cell specific lipid microvesicles
can migrate through the vascularture
what can saliva be used for
microarray
genomics
nuclear magnetic resonance
