Unit 7 Topic 1 Flashcards
What was the industrial revolution?
A period of rapid economic and technological change that began in the late 18th century and spread through Europe and North America.
What were the effects of the industrial revolution?
-Shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing
-Increase in productivity and output of goods
-Fueled by advances in technology; Ex: Steam Engine, Power Loom
-Development of new sources of energy; Ex: Coal, Steam Power
-Led to the growth of cities, expansion of trade, and the rise of the factory system
What is industrialization?
The process of economic and social change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrialized one.
-Involves the use of machinery
-Replaces human or animal labor
-Made making large quantities of food more efficient and less expensive
What is social stratification?
Refers to the way in which a society is divided into layers based on factors such as wealth, income, power, and prestige.
-Can take many forms in different societies
What are the effects of industrialization?
-Mass migration to urban areas
-Changed social class structures
-Created new social stratification
-Food supplies increased
-Booming population growth
What are some factors of population growth?
-The birth rate rising
-Immigration rates rising
-Life expectancy rising
-The fertility rate rising
What are some effects of population growth?
-Economic growth and development (+)
-Strain on resources such as food, water, and housing (-)
-Contribute to environmental problems (-)
What is the assembly line?
A production process in which a series of tasks are completed in a specific order to build a finished product
-Introduced by Henry Ford in the early 20th century
-A big example is seen in the production of automobiles
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory in which a country’s wealth is directly tied to its supply of gold and silver. The government should take steps to increase exports and decrease imports in order to accumulate precious metals.
-Popular in Europe during the 16th to 18th centuries
-Mercantilist policies were enforced; Ex: Tariffs on imports
-Was seen with British and the American colonies
What is imperialism?
The policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
-Often driven by economic, political, or cultural factors
-A heavily debated and controversial topic
-Led to the exploitation and abuse of colonized people (-)
-Brought economic development and cultural exchange (+)
What is colonialism?
Refers to the policy or practice of a country seeking to extend or maintain its authority over other countries.
-Uses military force and cultural assimilation
