Unit 5 Topic 4 Flashcards
Why did agriculture happen?
Population pressure
Climate instability
Agriculture by accident (Ex: Seeds dropping onto the ground.)
Production as an outgrowth of procurement
Encouraging tending, plants and animals to get better results
What is procurement?
the obtaining or purchasing of goods and services
What are factors in domesticating animals?
Feedable: Omnivores and herbivores are better than carnivores
Friendly: Ranchers don’t want animals that could kill them
Reproductive Preferences: Strict breeding time periods are avoided
Grows up fast: This provides a faster food source
Families: Horses are better than Zebras. Animals with hierarchy can be controlled better.
What is husbandry?
The care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals
What is agriculture?
The deliberate modification of the Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance of economic gain.
What was the neolithic revolution?
Also known as the first Agricultural Revolution, this is a time period in which humans shifted from hunters and gatherers to sedentary agricultural practices
What are some characteristics of the Neoloithic revolution?
Diffused throughout the world through contagious diffusion
First spread to Central Asia and then across Europe
People started to learn how to use seeds, water them, and take care of them
What was the enclosure movement?
A movement in England which took agricultural land that was publicly owned by the community and privatized it. This helped with the tragedies of the commons and increased food.
New crop and animal husbandry techniques developed
New tools and machinery used
What was the second agricultural revolution?
A period of rapid agricultural development in Britain that took place between the 16th and early 19th centuries
What were positive effects of the second agricultural revolution?
Surplus of food
Less people had to work which led to more specialization
Increase in the economy and population
Longer life expectancy
New technologies like the cotton gin, seed drill, steel plow, grain elevators, and the McCormick Reaper/Harvester helped farmers harvest more crops
New foods being diffused around the world were supplying people with more calories
New transportation technology allowed people to engage in more trade as well
Farmers started using selective breeding
New social stratification
Urbanization occurred
More healthier, more nutritious diets were seen
What were negative affects of the second agricultural revolution?
Environmental degradation occurred
Small-scale farmers lost their jobs or were displaced
Decreased biodiversity
Poor working conditions were seen
