Unit 3 Topic 7 Flashcards
What is the categorization of languages?
Family → Branch → Groups → Language → Dialects → Accents
What is a language family?
A group of languages that have a common, ancient ancestral language—the protolanguage
What is a language branch?
Contains all the languages within a family
What is mutual intelligibility?
When two people can understand each other, when speaking, typically the same language. Some languages are separate but can be mutually intelligible.
What is a dialect?
A regionally distinct way of speaking a language
What is an ethnic group?
A population of people that share a common nationality, language, culture, etc.
These people do not have to be biologically related to each other by an ancient ancestor
What is a language group?
Languages that share common words and similar vocabulary
What is a language branch?
Languages that share a common origin but evolved to become different
What is a toponym?
A name of a place
Polytheism vs Monotheism
The belief in more than one god/entity
The belief in only one god/entity
What is a universalizing religion?
A religion that can be planted and grown in any culture throughout the world
What are some characteristics of universalizing religions?
By nature, universalizing religions lend themselves to diffusion and typically it’s by relocation or contagious diffusion.
These religions attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people by allowing membership to anyone regardless of location, language, or ethnicity.
Holidays of these religions are based on events of the founders life
Ex: Christianity, Muslim, Buddhism, Sikhism, etc.
What is an ethnic religion?
Belief systems that are characteristic of particular ethnic groups located in specific regions
What are some characteristics of ethnic religions?
If these religions do spread, it’s probably due to relocation diffusion.
Usually older and more indigenous than universalizing religions.
Often an unknown founder
Some holidays of these religions are based on local climate
Ex: Hinduism, Judaism, Shintoism, Confucianism, etc.
What is Christianity?
Monotheistic universalizing religion
Spread through hierarchical and expansion diffusion
Brought to the “new world” by relocation diffusion
Largest universalizing religion
Has many different branches
What is Islam?
Based of the teaching of Mohammed
The second largest universalizing religion
The two branches of Islam are Sunni and Shiite
Spread to southwest Asia through expansion diffusion
Predominant religion in the Middle East
Uses mosques as their place of worship
Distinguished by their pillars in mosques
What is Judaism?
Monotheistic ethnic religion of Jews
Emerged in the Middle East
The three branches of Judaism are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform
Synagogues are their place of worship
Uses the Star of David
What is Buddhism?
A world religion/philosophy that does not believe in worshiping gods
The two branches are Theravada and Mahayana
Used contagious diffusion to spread in India
Pagodas/shrines are used
Focuses on self-awareness and truth
What is Hinduism?
Originated in Pakistan
Spread through contagious diffusion
80% of Hindus are located in India
Polytheistic religion; hundreds of gods
What is Sikhism?
A monotheistic universalizing religion
Cultural heart in the Indian Subcontinent
Distinguished by turbans
