Unit 3 Topic 7

Question 1

What is the categorization of languages?

Answer 1

Family → Branch → Groups → Language → Dialects → Accents

Question 2

What is a language family?

Answer 2

A group of languages that have a common, ancient ancestral language—the protolanguage

Question 3

What is a language branch?

Answer 3

Contains all the languages within a family

Question 4

What is mutual intelligibility?

Answer 4

When two people can understand each other, when speaking, typically the same language. Some languages are separate but can be mutually intelligible.

Question 5

What is a dialect?

Answer 5

A regionally distinct way of speaking a language

Question 6

What is an ethnic group?

Answer 6

A population of people that share a common nationality, language, culture, etc.
These people do not have to be biologically related to each other by an ancient ancestor

Question 7

What is a language group?

Answer 7

Languages that share common words and similar vocabulary

Question 8

What is a language branch?

Answer 8

Languages that share a common origin but evolved to become different

Question 10

What is a toponym?

Answer 10

A name of a place

Question 11

Polytheism vs Monotheism

Answer 11

The belief in more than one god/entity
The belief in only one god/entity

Question 12

What is a universalizing religion?

Answer 12

A religion that can be planted and grown in any culture throughout the world

Question 13

What are some characteristics of universalizing religions?

Answer 13

By nature, universalizing religions lend themselves to diffusion and typically it’s by relocation or contagious diffusion.
These religions attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people by allowing membership to anyone regardless of location, language, or ethnicity.
Holidays of these religions are based on events of the founders life
Ex: Christianity, Muslim, Buddhism, Sikhism, etc.

Question 14

What is an ethnic religion?

Answer 14

Belief systems that are characteristic of particular ethnic groups located in specific regions

Question 15

What are some characteristics of ethnic religions?

Answer 15

If these religions do spread, it’s probably due to relocation diffusion.
Usually older and more indigenous than universalizing religions.
Often an unknown founder
Some holidays of these religions are based on local climate
Ex: Hinduism, Judaism, Shintoism, Confucianism, etc.

Question 16

What is Christianity?

Answer 16

Monotheistic universalizing religion
Spread through hierarchical and expansion diffusion
Brought to the “new world” by relocation diffusion
Largest universalizing religion
Has many different branches

Question 17

What is Islam?

Answer 17

Based of the teaching of Mohammed
The second largest universalizing religion
The two branches of Islam are Sunni and Shiite
Spread to southwest Asia through expansion diffusion
Predominant religion in the Middle East
Uses mosques as their place of worship
Distinguished by their pillars in mosques

Question 18

What is Judaism?

Answer 18

Monotheistic ethnic religion of Jews
Emerged in the Middle East
The three branches of Judaism are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform
Synagogues are their place of worship
Uses the Star of David

Question 19

What is Buddhism?

Answer 19

A world religion/philosophy that does not believe in worshiping gods
The two branches are Theravada and Mahayana
Used contagious diffusion to spread in India
Pagodas/shrines are used
Focuses on self-awareness and truth

Question 20

What is Hinduism?

Answer 20

Originated in Pakistan
Spread through contagious diffusion
80% of Hindus are located in India
Polytheistic religion; hundreds of gods

Question 21

What is Sikhism?

Answer 21

A monotheistic universalizing religion
Cultural heart in the Indian Subcontinent
Distinguished by turbans