Unit 1 Topic 1 Flashcards
What are spatial patterns?
How and where different geographic features occur on the earth’s surface.
What are the four main types of spatial patterns?
absolute distance, absolute direction, clustering and dispersal, and elevation
What are the types of spatial patterns?
Absolute/relative distance, absolute/relative direction, clustering and dispersal, elevation
What is absolute/relative distance?
-Distance that can be measured in feet, miles, kilometers, etc. This type of spatial pattern can be depicted on maps
-Measures social, cultural, or political differences or similarities between two locations. This type of spatial pattern cannot be depicted on maps.
What is absolute and relative direction?
-Uses cardinal directions. (North, South, East, and West). This type of spatial pattern can be depicted on maps.
-Describes one location in reference to another. This type of spatial pattern cannot be depicted on maps.
What is clustering and dispersal?
Shows how different phenomena are organized across an area. This type of spatial pattern can be depicted on maps.
What is elevation?
Measures the height of geographic features relative to sea level
What is a map scale?
Tells you how the distance on the map relates to distance in the real world.
What is direction?
Represented on a map by a compass rose. The compass rose may sometimes give intermediate directions (Example: NE, SE, SW, NW).
What is scale?
How much of the world you see on the map.
What are the different representations of scale?
Ratio, written scales, graphic scales
What are the two main types of maps?
Reference and thematic
What are reference maps?
displays specific geographic location
What are thematic maps?
displays geographic information
What are the types of thematic maps?
choropleth, cartogram, graduated symbol (proportional map), dot distribution map, isoline map, flowline map
What is a choropleth?
Visualizes data from a specific geographic region in different colors
What is a cartogram?
Distorts the size of geographic shape to display differences in data
What is a graduated symbol? What is another name for it?
(Proportional Map): The symbol used grows in proportion to the data that is being represented on the map
What is a dot distribution map?
Uses dots to visualize the location of certain data points
What is an isoline map?
Uses line to depict changes in data
What is a flowline map?
Lines of various thickness will show how much of something is being spread
What are distorted on maps?
shape, area, distance, direction
What is latitude and longitude?
-A measure of the distance of a place north or south of the equator; goes from left to right
-A measure of the distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian; goes up to down
What is the meridian?
A line that connects the North Pole to the South Pole used to measure longitude; up to down
What is the mercator projection?
-Often used for navigation as it preserves angles
-Helps plot courses that are a straight line
-Distorts the size of land masses near the poles
-Size is more preserved near the equator
-A rectangular map
-Accurate shape and direction
What is the Gall Peters projection
-Designed to show countries in their true relative size
-Distorts shapes and distances
-Less suitable for navigation
What is the equal-area projection?
-Preserves the area of land masses
-Distorts shape and distance
What is the robinson projection?
-Designed to reduce some distortions of the Mercator Projection
-Tries to balance out all different types of distortions seen on maps
-Distorts the size, shape, and distance of land masses in various ways
-Shows how big the oceans are compared to land
