Unit 2 Topic 10 Flashcards
What is migration?
The movement of people from one place to another
Emigrating vs Immigrating
-Leaving a country to move to another country
-Arriving to another country from another country
What are intervening opportunities?
Opportunities migrants encounter on their journey which may affect their ultimate destination. (Can be positive or negative).
What are intervening obstacles?
Challenges migrants encounter on the way to their desired destination; Immigration policies in the destination country
What are some examples of intervening obstacles?
Environmental: Deserts, oceans, mountains, long distances
Political: Proper documentation, walls, corrupt government systems
Cultural: Languages, loss of culture
Demographic: Immigration quotas
Economic: Lack of money
Push vs Pull Factors
Any negative experiences that motivate people to leave their home
Attributes of another place that attracts migrants
Examples of push and pull factors
Push Factors:
War; Oppression; Religious Persecution; Natural Disasters and/or environmental reasons
Pull Factors:
Economic Reasons; Better/higher paying jobs ; Protection for immigrants ; Better political leaders/government; Better environmental situation (climate, geography, etc.)
What are all of ravenstien’s laws?
-Most migrants go a short distance at a time; “Step migration.”
-Long distance migrants come from larger cities
-Most migration is from rural areas to urban cities
-Most international migrants consist of young males aged 20-45.
-Each migration flow produces at least one counterflow
-Females remain more migratory than the males within their country
-Migration increases in volume as industries develop and transportation improves.
-The economy is a major factor in migration–immigration benefits both societies and economics is the number one reason for migration
Explain the first stage of Zelinsky’s migration model.
Migration is more seasonal
People migrate for the search of food
Explain the second stage of Zelinsky’s migration model.
Movement of people from rural to urban areas
People search for more opportunities
The most international migration happens in this stage
Explain the third and fourth stages of Zelinsky’s migration model.
Migration happens from urban centers to rural areas
This can be international still
Urban sprawl happens
This is mainly interregional
Explain the first era of immigration.
Colonial immigration from Europe and Africa. Immigration to the American colonists.
90% of this wave was from England. Voluntary migration and forced migration was seen during this era.
This era saw the kidnapping and enslavement of Africans.
Explain the second era of immigration.
Chaotic political time period. Many Europeans were moving around.
The U.S. was the ‘land of opportunity’.
People left during stage two of the DTM. Immigration resumed after the civil war in America.
Countries: Germany, Italy, the U.K., Russia/USSR, Ireland, and Southern and Eastern Europe.
Explain the third era of immigration.
Recent immigration from less developed regions. Immigration steadily increased in the 1950’s after the great depression ended.
The two major regions people were emigrating from were Asia and Latin America.
