Tissues of the Body

Question 1

4 classes of tissues that comprise human body

Answer 1

(1) epithelial (2) connective (3) muscular (4) nervous

Question 2

what epithelial tissues line

Answer 2

all sufraces of body, both internal & external, w/ exceptions of bones & joints

Question 3

cells of epithelial tissues

Answer 3

have very little extracellular material b/n them

Question 4

lining epithelium examples

Answer 4

epidermis (outer layers) of skin, endothelial lining of blood vessels, lining of digestive tract & respiratory system, & epithelial components of all serous membranes of body (mesothelium)

Question 5

secretory epithelial cells

Answer 5

comprise secretory components of all glands of human body

Question 6

connective tissues are characterized by

Answer 6

presence of relatively abundant extracellular material & relatively loosely scattered cells (at least as compared to an epithelium)

Question 7

various types of connective tissue are distinguished by

Answer 7

nature of their extracellular material

Question 8

extracellular material of connective tissues consist of

Answer 8

very specific concentrations of protein fibers & ground substance

Question 9

all fibers & ground substance of any connective tissue are collectively referred to as

Answer 9

connective tissue matrix

Question 10

ground substance of connective tissues consists of

Answer 10

proteoglycans which usually have a very high affinity for water molecules

Question 11

tendons of muscles & ligaments that join bones are ___ tissues in which ___ fibers comprise most of the ___

Answer 11

(1) fibrous connective (2) protein (3) extracellular matrix

Question 12

fibrous connective tissues are referred to as such because of their

Answer 12

high concentration of collagen protein fibers

Question 13

cartilagenous & bony tissues are highly specialized for ___ and are often classified specifically as the ___

Answer 13

(1) support (2) supportive connective tissues

Question 14

extracellular matrix of cartilage is comprised of

Answer 14

very specific concentrations of protein fibers & proteoglycan ground substance which give the cartilage great strength & resiliency

Question 15

___ is the most supportive connective tissue int eh body & possesses ___

Answer 15

(1) bone (2) a mineralized extracellular matrix rich in calcium phosphates

Question 16

muscle tissues are characterized by

Answer 16

a high degree of contractility among their constituent cells

Question 17

skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 17

are usually under voluntary control & function primarily to move bones at synovial joints in various lever systems

Question 18

individual skeletal muscle cells are usually ___ & are referred to as ___

Answer 18

(1) very long & relatively thin (2) fibers

Question 19

due to the very specific arrangement of hte contractile proteins ___, skeletal muscle fibers have a ___ appearance as observed w/ various types of microscopy

Answer 19

(1) actin & myosin (2) cross banded (striated)

Question 20

three main types of muscle tissue

Answer 20

(1) skeletal (2) cardiac (3) smooth

Question 21

two basic types of epithelial tissues

Answer 21

(1) lining epithelium (2) glandular epithelium)

Question 22

cardiac muscle cells have a ___ appearance like ___ muscle fibers, but are ___

Answer 22

(1) striated (2) skeletal (3) involuntary

Question 23

cardiac muscle is almost exclusively found in the

Answer 23

walls of the heart

Question 24

smooth muscle fibers get their name b/c they

Answer 24

lack the cross banded pattern of organization in their contractile proteins, hence they appear smooth when observed w/ various types of microscopy

Question 25

smooth muscle is found in

Answer 25

the walls of hollow organs & blood vessels

Question 26

like ___ muscle, contraction of smooth muscle fibers is ___

Answer 26

(1) cardiac (2) involuntary

Question 27

nervous tissue is composed of

Answer 27

specialized cells called neurons which conduct electrical activity & supportive cells called neuroglia

Question 28

neurons have a cell body called the ___ which contains the ___ and very elaborate ___ machinery for the production of various ___

Answer 28

(1) soma or perikaryon (2) nucleus (3) cytoplasmic (4) structures & neurotransmitters

Question 29

neurons possess two specific types of cytoplasmic extensions involved w/ electrical conduction

Answer 29

dendrites & axons

Question 30

dendrites

Answer 30

conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body of the neuron

Question 31

axons

Answer 31

are usually long cytoplasmic processes which conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body

Question 32

neurons may have many ___ but always possess one and only one ___

Answer 32

(1) dendrites (2) axon