Tissues of the Body Flashcards
4 classes of tissues that comprise human body
(1) epithelial (2) connective (3) muscular (4) nervous
what epithelial tissues line
all sufraces of body, both internal & external, w/ exceptions of bones & joints
cells of epithelial tissues
have very little extracellular material b/n them
lining epithelium examples
epidermis (outer layers) of skin, endothelial lining of blood vessels, lining of digestive tract & respiratory system, & epithelial components of all serous membranes of body (mesothelium)
secretory epithelial cells
comprise secretory components of all glands of human body
connective tissues are characterized by
presence of relatively abundant extracellular material & relatively loosely scattered cells (at least as compared to an epithelium)
various types of connective tissue are distinguished by
nature of their extracellular material
extracellular material of connective tissues consist of
very specific concentrations of protein fibers & ground substance
all fibers & ground substance of any connective tissue are collectively referred to as
connective tissue matrix
ground substance of connective tissues consists of
proteoglycans which usually have a very high affinity for water molecules
tendons of muscles & ligaments that join bones are ___ tissues in which ___ fibers comprise most of the ___
(1) fibrous connective (2) protein (3) extracellular matrix
fibrous connective tissues are referred to as such because of their
high concentration of collagen protein fibers
cartilagenous & bony tissues are highly specialized for ___ and are often classified specifically as the ___
(1) support (2) supportive connective tissues
extracellular matrix of cartilage is comprised of
very specific concentrations of protein fibers & proteoglycan ground substance which give the cartilage great strength & resiliency
___ is the most supportive connective tissue int eh body & possesses ___
(1) bone (2) a mineralized extracellular matrix rich in calcium phosphates
muscle tissues are characterized by
a high degree of contractility among their constituent cells
skeletal muscle fibers
are usually under voluntary control & function primarily to move bones at synovial joints in various lever systems
individual skeletal muscle cells are usually ___ & are referred to as ___
(1) very long & relatively thin (2) fibers
due to the very specific arrangement of hte contractile proteins ___, skeletal muscle fibers have a ___ appearance as observed w/ various types of microscopy
(1) actin & myosin (2) cross banded (striated)
three main types of muscle tissue
(1) skeletal (2) cardiac (3) smooth
two basic types of epithelial tissues
(1) lining epithelium (2) glandular epithelium)
cardiac muscle cells have a ___ appearance like ___ muscle fibers, but are ___
(1) striated (2) skeletal (3) involuntary
cardiac muscle is almost exclusively found in the
walls of the heart
smooth muscle fibers get their name b/c they
lack the cross banded pattern of organization in their contractile proteins, hence they appear smooth when observed w/ various types of microscopy
smooth muscle is found in
the walls of hollow organs & blood vessels
like ___ muscle, contraction of smooth muscle fibers is ___
(1) cardiac (2) involuntary
nervous tissue is composed of
specialized cells called neurons which conduct electrical activity & supportive cells called neuroglia
neurons have a cell body called the ___ which contains the ___ and very elaborate ___ machinery for the production of various ___
(1) soma or perikaryon (2) nucleus (3) cytoplasmic (4) structures & neurotransmitters
neurons possess two specific types of cytoplasmic extensions involved w/ electrical conduction
dendrites & axons
dendrites
conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body of the neuron
axons
are usually long cytoplasmic processes which conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body
neurons may have many ___ but always possess one and only one ___
(1) dendrites (2) axon
