The Axilla & Brachial Plexus I

Question 1

vessels:

named arteries are all (superficial/deep)

large veins accompanying arteries are usually (paired/unpaired) & communicate (___)

superficial veins (do/do not) accompany named arteries

Answer 1

deep

paired
vena comitantes

do not

Question 2

arteries:

subclavian artery

–> ___ artery

–> ___ artery

• -> ___ arteries
• -> ___ arteries

Answer 2

axillary artery

brachial artery

radial arteries
ulnar arteries

Question 3

superficial veins:

begin as a network on the ___ & ___ of the ___

unite into two main channels: (2)

the vena comitantes of the brachial artery (do/do not) become the axillary vein

Answer 3

digits & dorsum of the hand

basilic vein
cephalic vein

do not

Question 4

superficial veins:
basilic vein:

passes up the (medial/lateral) (ulnar/radial) side of the limb

penetrates the ___ fascia at approximately the ___

note: the ___ nerve passes superficially through the same opening of this fascia

continues into the ___ as the ___ vein

Answer 4

medial
ulnar

deep (brachial) fascia
mid-arm

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

axilla
axillary vein

Question 5

superficial veins:
cephalic vein:

passes up the (medial/lateral) (ulnar/radial) side of the limb

usually communicates w/ the basilic vein in front of the ___ via the ___ vein

Answer 5

lateral
radial

elbow
median cubital vein

Question 6

pectoralis major muscle:

large fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the ___ & enclosed by the ___ fascia

nerve(s)

action(s)

Answer 6

chest
fascia

medial & lateral pectoral nerves

flexes, adducts, & medially rotates the humerus

Question 7

pectoralis minor muscle:

landmark of the ___

enclosed by the ___ fascia

nerve(s)

action(s)

Answer 7

axilla

clavipectoral fascia

medial & lateral pectoral nerves

draws the scapula downward & forward
stabilizes it

Question 8

pectoralis minor muscle:
clavipectoral fascia:

thickening of the deep fascia extending from the ___ to the ___ fascia in the floor of the ___

encloses two muscles: (2)

forms a tough membrane b/n these muscles: ___

Answer 8

clavicle
axillary fascia
axilla

subclavius & pectoralis minor muscles

costocoracoid membrane

Question 9

pectoralis minor muscle:
clavipectoral fascia:
costocoracoid membrane:

pierced by three structures:

• ___ vein
• ___ nerve
• ___ artery

Answer 9

cephalic vein
lateral pectoral nerve
thoracoacromial artery

Question 10

pectoralis minor muscle:
clavipectoral fascia:
costocoracoid membrane:

approached from the ___:

• ___
• ___ muscle
• ___ muscle

Answer 10

deltopectoral triangle:

• clavicle
• deltoid muscle
• pectoralis major muscle

Question 11

subclavius muscle:

nerve(s)

action(s)

Answer 11

nerve to the subclavius

depresses the lateral end of htethe clavicle
pulls the shoulder anteriorly
stabilizes the clavicle

Question 12

axilla:

___-shaped compartment b/n the ___ & the ___

passageway for nerves & vessels of the ___ to reach the ___

Answer 12

pyramidal-shaped
upper limb & the thorax

trunk
upper limb

Question 13

axilla:
boundaries:

apex formed by the convergence of 3 bones in its 3 major walls:

• anterior: ___
• posterior: ___
• medial: ___

base: fascia & skin of the ___

Answer 13

clavicle
scapula
first rib

armpit

Question 14

axilla:
boundaries:
anterior wall:

muscles: (2)

lateral border of the ___ muscle forms the ___

Answer 14

• pectoralis major & minor

- pectoralis major muscle, anterior axillary fold

Question 15

axilla:
boundaries:
posterior wall:

muscles: (3)

the ___ & ___ muscles form the ___

Answer 15

subscapularis muscle
teres major muscle
latissimus dorsi muscle

teres major & latissimus dorsi muscles
posterior axillary fold

Question 16

axilla:
boundaries:

meidal wall:

• ribs ___
• ___ muscles
• ___ muscle

lateral wall: ___ of the ___

Answer 16

ribs 1-5
intercostal muscles
serratus anterior muscle

intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the humerus

Question 17

axilla:
contents:

great vessels & nerves of the upper limb enclosed in the ___ (a continuation of the ___ fascia)

• ___ artery & vein
• ___ plexus

___

Answer 17

axillary sheath
prevertebral fascia
- axillary artery & vein
- brachial plexus

axillary lymph nodes

Question 18

brachial plexus:

great nerve plexus of the ___

formed by ventral rami of ___ (contributions from ___ & ___)

Answer 18

upper limb

C5 - T1
C4 & T2

Question 19

brachial plexus:

sensory innervation to the ___ & (superficial/deep) structures

motor innervation to the ___

vasomotor fibers to the ___ (pre/postgang symp/parasymp fibers)

secretomotor fibers to ___ (pre/postgang symp/parasymp fibers)

Answer 19

skin & deep structures

muscles

blood vessels
postganglionic sympathetic fibers

sweat glands
postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 20

brachial plexus:

trunks & spinal cord levels (3)

Answer 20

superior - C5 & C6

middle - C7

inferior - C8 & T1

Question 21

brachial plexus:

divisions & parts (2)

Answer 21

anterior division - flexor part

posterior division - extensor part

Question 22

brachial plexus:

cords (3)

Answer 22

posterior cord
lateral cord
medial cord

Question 23

brachial plexus:
divisions of trunks:

posterior cord

lateral cord

medial cord

Answer 23

all 3 posterior divisions of 3 trunks

anterior divisions of superior & middle trunks

anterior division of inferior trunk

Question 24

brachial plexus:
terminal branches of cords (2 for each):

lateral cord

medial cord

posterior cord

Answer 24

musculocutaneous nerve & lateral root of median nerve

ulnar nerve & medial root of median nerve

radial & axillary nerves

Question 25

branches of brachial plexus (2)

Answer 25

supraclavicular branches | infraclavicular branches

Question 26

``` branches of brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches (2) ```

Answer 26

roots | upper trunk

Question 27

branches of brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches: roots: nerves (2)

Answer 27

dorsal scapular nerve | long thoracic nerve

Question 28

branches of brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches: roots: muscles: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (2) long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, & C7) (1)

Answer 28

rhomboids & levator scapulae muscle serratus anterior muscle

Question 29

branches of brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches: upper trunk: nerves (2)

Answer 29

nerve to the subclavius | suprascapular nerve

Question 30

branches of brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches: upper trunk: muscles: nerve to the subclavius (C5 & C6) (1) suprascapular nerve (C5 & C6) (2)

Answer 30

subclavius muscle supraspinatous & infraspinatous muscles

Question 31

``` branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches (3) ```

Answer 31

lateral cord medial cord posterior cord

Question 32

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: lateral cord: nerves (3)

Answer 32

lateral pectoral nerve musculocutaneous nerve lateral root of the median nerve

Question 33

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: lateral cord: muscles: lateral pectoral nerve (2) ``` musculocutaneous nerve (1) *ends as ___ nerve ```

Answer 33

pectoralis major & minor muscles muscles of the anterior arm compartment lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 34

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: medial cord: nerves (5)

Answer 34

``` median pectoral nerve medial brachial cutaneous nerve medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve ulnar nerve medial root of the median nerve ```

Question 35

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: medial cord: muscles: medial pectoral nerve (2)

Answer 35

pectoralis major & minor muscles

Question 36

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: posterior cord: nerves (5)

Answer 36

``` upper subscapular nerve thoracodorsal nerve lower subscapular nerve axillary nerve radial nerve ```

Question 37

branches of brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches: posterior cord: muscles: upper subscapular nerve (1) thoracodorsal nerve (1) lower subscapular nerve (2) ``` axillary nerve (2) *ends as ___ nerve ``` radial nerve (1 nerve)

Answer 37

subscapularis muscle latissimus dorsi muscle subscapularis muscle & teres major muscle teres minor & deltoid muscles lateral brachial cutaneous nerve great extensor nerve of the upper limb