The Extensor Forearm & Hand I

Question 1

posterior (extensor) compartment of the forearm:

arteries (2)

nerve (1)

Answer 1

radial & interosseous arteries

radial nerve & its branches

Question 2

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment (6)

Answer 2

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
brachioradialis:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 3

radial nerve

flexes the forearm

Question 4

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor carpi radialis longus:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 4

radial nerve

extends & abducts the hand at the wrist joint

Question 5

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor carpi radialis brevis:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 5

radial nerve

extends & abducts the hand at the wrist joint

Question 6

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor digitorum:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 6

radial nerve

extends fingers, knuckles, & hand at the wrist joint

Question 7

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor digiti minimi:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 7

radial nerve

extends little finger

Question 8

superficial muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor carpi ulnaris:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 8

radial nerve

extends & adducts the hand at the wrist joint

Question 9

deep muscles of the extensor compartment (5)

Answer 9

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicus brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis

Question 10

deep muscles of the extensor compartment:
supinator:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 10

radial nerve

supinates forearm

Question 11

deep muscles of the extensor compartment:
abductor pollicis longus:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 11

radial nerve

abducts & extends thumb

Question 12

deep muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor pollicis brevis:

nerve: ___ branch of ___ nerve

action(s)

Answer 12

radial nerve

extends thumb, knuckle, & wrist

Question 13

deep muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor pollicis longus:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 13

radial nerve

extends thumb, knuckle, & wrist

Question 14

deep muscles of the extensor compartment:
extensor indicis:

nerve

action(s)

Answer 14

radial nerve

extends thumb, knuckle, & wrist

Question 15

lateral epicondylitis

“___”

inflammation of the ___ tendon of the ___

patient presents w/ pain in the lateral aspect of the ___ which may radiate down the lateral side of the ___ & into the ___ of the ___

it is common in tennis players, violinists, etc., & may occur after heavy exertion involving forceful ___/___ of the ___ (e.g., shoveling heavy snow

Answer 15

tennis elbow

common extensor tendon
lateral epicondyle of the humerus

elbow
forearm
dorsum of the hand

supination/pronation
forearm

Question 16

nerves of the posterior compartment (1)

Answer 16

radial nerve

Question 17

nerves of the posterior compartment:
radial nerve:

descends b/n the ___ & ___ muscles

crosses the ___ anteriorly & divides into two terminal branches:

• cutaneous to part of hand: ___ branch
• motor: ___ branch

Answer 17

brachialis & brachioradialis muscles

lateral epicondyle

• superficial
• deep

Question 18

nerves of the posterior compartment:
radial nerve:

the deep branch pierces the ___ muscle & emerges in the posterior compartment as the ___ nerve

Answer 18

supinator muscle

posterior interosseous nerve

Question 19

palm of the hand:
palmar aponeurosis:

triangular shaped thickening of deep fascia occupying ___

functions:

• firm attachment to overlying ___ to improve the ___
• protection of underlying ___, ___, & ___

Answer 19

central palm

• skin, grip
• tendons, nerves, & vessels

Question 20

palm of the hand:
palmar aponeurosis:

apex: attached to distal border of the ___ & receives insertion of the ___ tendon
base: divides at base of ___ into four slips which each subdivide into two additional slips & attach to the ___ sheath & ___ ligament

Answer 20

flexor retinaculum
palmaris longus tendon

fingers
fibrous flexor sheath
deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Question 21

palm of the hand:
dupuytren’s contracture:

localized thickening & contracture of the ___

commonly starts near the root of the ___ & draws it into the ___, flexing ita t the ___ joint

later, the condition involves the ___ in the same manner

Answer 21

palmar aponeurosis

ring finger
palm
metacarpophalangeal joint

little finger

Question 22

palm of the hand:
dupuytren’s contracture:

in long-standing cases, the pull on the ___ sheaths of these fingers results in flexion of the ___ joints

the ___ joints are not involved

Answer 22

fibrous flexor sheaths
proximal interphalangeal joints

distal interphalangeal joints

Question 23

palm of the hand:
dupuytren’s contracture:

the condition is frequently (unilateral/bilateral) & common in (men/women) older than 50 years

the cause is unknown, but evidence suggests a ___ predisposition

treatment usually involves surgical excision of all ___ parts of the fascia to free the fingers

Answer 23

bilateral
men

genetic

fibrotic

Question 24

palm of the hand:
carpal tunnel & synovial sheaths:

carpal groove is converted into the carpal tunnel by the ___

the ___ tendons to the medial four digits & thumb pass through the tunnel accompanied by the ___ nerve

Answer 24

flexor retinaculum

long flexor tendons
median nerve

Question 25

palm of the hand: carpal tunnel & synovial sheaths: the four tendons of the ___ are arranged in anterior & posterior rows middle & ring finger tendons (in front of/behind) index & little finger tendons the tendons of the ___ are on the same plane & lie behind the ___ tendons

Answer 25

flexor digitorum superficialis in front of flexor digitorum profundus superficialis tendons

Question 26

palm of the hand: carpal tunnel & synovial sheaths: all eight flexor tendons invaginate a common ___ from the lateral side proximally, this extends approximately 1cm above the ___ distally, the portion of the index, middle, & ring fingers ends at approximately the ___ w/ new sheaths arising at the level of the ___ joints

Answer 26

synovial sheath flexor retinaculum mid-palm knuckle joints

Question 27

palm of the hand: carpal tunnel & synovial sheaths: the portion for the little finger continues to the ___ the tendon of the ___ runs through the lateral part of the tunnel in its own synovial sheath the ___ nerve passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in a ___ space

Answer 27

distal phalanx flexor pollicis longus median nerve restricted space

Question 28

palm of the hand: fibrous flexor sheaths: anterior surface of each finger from the head of the ___ bones to the base of ___ attach to the sides of the ___ distal ends of the sheaths are (open/closed) sheaths & phalanges form a tunnel for the ___ tendons

Answer 28

metacarpal bones distal phalanges phalanges closed long flexor tendons