Blood Supply of the Abdomen Flashcards
three pairs of embryonic ___ arteries (blood supply to yolk sac) fuse at the ___ during closure of the lateral body folds
this results in the formation of three unpaired, midline arteries arising from the ___, which supply respectively the derivatives of the embryonic ___, ___, & ___
vitelline, midline
abdominal aorta, foregut, midgut, hindgut
the three unpaired arteries & structures supplied are as follows:
foregut - ___ trunk (6)
celiac
distal 1/3 of the esophagus stomach 1st & 2nd parts of duodenum liver & gallbladder pancreas spleen
the three unpaired arteries & structures supplied are as follows:
migut - ___ artery (5)
superior mesenteric
3rd & 4th parts of duodenum jejunum & ileum cecum & appendix ascending colon proximal 2/3 of the trasnverse colon
the three unpaired arteries & structures supplied are as follows:
hindgut - ___ artery (5)
inferior mesenteric
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum superior 1/2 of the anal canal
celiac trunk:
branches off of the ___ at the level of ___
it lies ___ & is surrounded by the ___
it gives rise to three branches: ___, ___, & ___
abdominal aorta, T12
retroperitoneally, celiac plexus
left gastric, splenic, common hepatic
celiac trunk:
left gastric artery:
ascends ___ to the level of the ___
here, it gives off ___ & descends along the lesser curvature of the stomach within the ___
within this, the left gastric artery anastomses w/ the ___ (branch of the common hepatic, hepatic artery proper, or right hepatic artery)
it is relatively common for the left gastric artery to give rise to an ___ artery
retroperitoneally, gastroesophageal junction
esophageal branches, lesser omentum
right gastric artery
accessory hepatic
celiac trunk:
splenic artery:
runs ___ along the upper border of the ___ & reaches the ___ within the ___ligament
it gives off the following important branches:
___ - along its course
___ - supply the fundus of the stomach reaching it within the ___ ligament
___ - runs along the greater curvature of the stomach within the ___ ligament & anastomoses with the ___ (branch of the gastroduodenal artery)
___ branches
retroperitoneally, pancreas, spleen, lienorenal
pancreatic branches
short gastric arteries, gastrolienal
left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery, gastrocolic, right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery
splenic
celiac trunk:
common hepatic artery:
descends ___ to the right until it lies above the ___
divides into two branches: ___ & ___
retroperitoneally, first segment of the duodenum
hepatic artery proper, gastroduodenal
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
hepatic artery proper:
enters the ___ ligament & ascends immediately to the left of the ___ duct
gives rise to 4 important branches: ___, ___, ___, & ___
hepatoduodenal, common bile
right hepatic artery - right lobe of liver
left hepatic artery - left lobe of liver
cystic artery
right gastric artery
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
branches of the hepatic artery proper:
cystic artery:
usually a branch of the ___
may arise from the ___, right or left ___, or the ___
it may pass in front or in back of the ___ & ___ ducts
there may be ___ arteries (important to surgeons during cholecystectomy)
right hepatic artery
hepatic proper, hepatic, gastroduodenal
common bile, cystic
accessory cystic
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
branches of the hepatic artery proper:
right gastric artery:
may arise from the ___, the ___, or the ___
common hepatic artery, hepatic artery proper, right hepatic artery
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
gastroduodenal proper:
passes ___ the first segment of the duodenum
divides into two principal branches: ___ & ___
behind
right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
branches of the gastroduodenal proper:
right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery:
anastomses w/ the ___ along the greater curvature of the stomach within the ___ ligament
left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery
gastrocolic
celiac trunk:
branches of the common hepatic:
branches of the gastroduodenal proper:
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery:
there are usually ___ & ___ superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
runs b/n the ___ & the ___
anastomoses w/ the ___ artery (also usually the ___ & ___ branches) from the superior mesenteric artery
anterior, posterior
2nd segment of the duodenum, head of the pancreas
inferior pancreaticoduodenal, anterior, posterior
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
stomach (5)
left gastric artery - lesser curvature of stomach & distal 1/3 esophagus
right gastric artery - lesser curvature of the stomach
short gastric arteries - fundus of the stomach
right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery - greater curvature of the stomach
left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery - greater curvature of the stomach
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
pancreas (3)
pancreatic branches from the splenic artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
spleen (1)
splenic artery
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
liver (2)
right & left hepatic arteries (30% of the blood) portal vein (70% of the blood)
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
gallbladder (1)
cystic artery
celiac trunk:
summary of the blood supply to the foregut:
duodenum (2)
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
superior mesenteric artery:
originates ___ form the ___ at the level of ___
runs ___ & to the right behind the ___, but in front of the ___
retroperitoneally, abdominal aorta, L1
downward, neck of the pancreas, 3rd segment of the duodenum
superior mesenteric artery: important branches (5)
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
jejunal & ileal branches (12-15 branches)
ileocolic artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery
superior mesenteric artery:
important branches:
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery:
anastomses w/ the ___ artery to supply the ___ & ___
superior pancreaticoduodenal
pancreas
duodenum
superior mesenteric artery:
important branches:
jejunal & ileal branches (12-15 branches):
arise from the ___ side of the ___ artery
each divides into two & unites w/ adjacent division of other branches to form a series of ___ in the ___
these are ___ developed along the ileum than along the jejunum
these give rise to ___ arteries (___)
left, superior mesenteric
arcades, mesenteries
more
straight, arteria recta
superior mesenteric artery:
important branches:
ileocolic artery:
arises from the ___ side of the __ artery
passes in the ___ directly towards the ___
gives rise to 4 branches: ___, ___, ___, & ___
right, superior mesenteric
mesentery, cecum
colic
ileal
cecal
appendicular
superior mesenteric artery:
important branches:
right colic artery:
supplies the ___
ascending colon
superior mesenteric artery:
important branches:
middle colic artery:
supplies the ___
proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
inferior mesenteric artery:
arises ___ 3-4cm proximal to the ___ at the level of ___
gives rise to 3 branches: ___
retroperitoneally, bifurcation of the aorta, L3
left colic artery
sigmoidal arteries (usually 3 or 4)
superior rectal artery
superior mesenteric artery:
branches:
left colic artery:
supplies the distal 1/3 of the ___ colon & the upper part of the ___ colon
transverse
descending
superior mesenteric artery:
branches:
sigmoidal arteries (usually 3 or 4):
supply the lower part of the ___ colon & the ___ colon
descending
sigmoid
superior mesenteric artery:
branches:
superior rectal artery:
this is the direct continuation of the ___
supplies the ___ & proximal 1/3 of the ___
anastomoses w/ the ___ & ___ arteries
infeiror mesenteric artery
rectum, anal canal
middle, inferior rectal
marginal artery of drummond
complex anastomses of branches of the ___ arteries which frames the entire ___
the anastomses includes connections b/n 6 arteries: ___
superior & inferior mesenteric, large intestine
ileocolic right colic middle colic left colic sigmoidal superior rectal
blood supply to the primary retroperitoneal organs:
unlike the abdominal digestive system & associated digestive glands, the primary retroperitoneal organs & structures are supplied by ___ arteries
this is the case for the entire ___ system, the ___ glands, & the ___ wall
it is not true for the ___ portions of the digestive system
paired
urogenital, suprarenal, posterior abdominal
secondary retroperitoneal
secondary retroperitoneal structures are those portions of the digestive system & associated digestive glands which begin embryonic development as ___ structures & later lose their mesenteries when they fuse w/ the ___ of the ___ wall
the 6 secondary retropertioneal structures are: ___
intraperitoneal, parietal peritoneum, posterior abdominal
distal 3/4 of the duodenum pancreas ascending colon descending colon rectum
blood supply to the primary retroperitoneal organs:
in the abdomen, the primary retroperitoneal structures are all supplied by ___ arteries which are direct branches of the ___
in the pelvis, the ___ arteries are direct branches of the ___ arteries
all of these retroperitoneal structures are drained by branches of the ___
paired, abdominal aorta
paired, internal iliac
inferior vena cava
blood supply to the primary retroperitoneal organs:
suprarenal glands:
arteries:
___ - branches of the inferior phrenic artery
___ - from abdominal aorta
___ - from renal artery
superior suprarenals
middle suprarenal
inferior suprarenal
blood supply to the primary retroperitoneal organs:
suprarenal glands:
veins:
each suprarenal gland is usually drained by a ___
the right suprarenal vein drains directly into the ___
the left suprarenal vein drains into the ___, which then drains into the ___glands:
single vein
inferior vena cava
left renal vein, inferior vena cava
blood supply to the primary retroperitoneal organs:
the gonads:
the testes & ovaries receive their respective blood supplies ___ by way of branches of the ___ which then descend to their respective targets
this is in accordance w/ the embryonic principal whereby structures which begin development in one location & subsequently migrate to a different location carry their ___ supply, ___ supply, & ___ drainage w/ them
arteries - one artery from the ___ below the origin of the ___ arteries
veins - one vein following same pattern as the suprarenal glands
- ___ vein drains into the inferior vena cava
- ___ vein drains into the left renal vein
directly, abdominal aorta
blood, nerve, lymphatic
abdominal aorta, renal
right gonadal
left gonadal
the hepatic portal system:
a portal system is a system of veins interposed b/n two ___
the ___ & ___ blood does not return directly to the heart, but rather, passes through specialized capillary networks in the ___ (hepatic sinusoids)
the hepatic portal system consists of 6 vessels: ___
capillary networks
intestinal, splenic venous, liver
portal vein superior & inferior mesenteric veins splenic vein right & left gastric veins cystic vein paraumbilical veins
the hepatic portal system:
the portal vein:
formed behind the ___ by the union of the ___ & ___ veins
it then ascends behind the first segment of the ___ & enters the free margin of the ___ ligament lying behind & between the ___ duct & the ___ (these three structures are known as the ___)
it ascends in the ___ ligament in front of the ___ foramen & then enters the porta hepatis of the ___
neck of the pancreas, superior mesenteric, splenic
duodenum, hepatoduodenal, common bile, hepatic artery proper, portal triad
hepatoduodenal, epiploic (of WInslow), liver
the hepatic portal system:
the portal vein:
within the substance of the liver, the ___ vein branches into many generations of vessels which eventually open into the ___
the blood is recollected into the ___ veins which drain into the ___ on the posterior surface of the ___
blood from the right & left ___ veins, the ___ veins, & the ___ veins (superficial abdomen) drains directly into the portal vein just before it enters the ___
portal, hepatic sinusoids
hepatic, inferior vena cava, liver
gastric, systic, paraumbilical, porta hepatis
the hepatic portal system:
the splenic vein:
forms at the ___ & runs along the upper border of the ___ w/ the ___ artery
it usually receives the ___ vein
hilus of the spleen, pancreas, splenic
inferior mesenteric
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
under normal conditions, the portal venous blood traverses the ___ & drains into the ___ of the system circulation by way of the ___ veins
however, following injury & death of the ___ cells (hepatocytes) caused by infection, toxins, alcohol, poisons, etc., excessive scarring may result through ___ of connective tissue
the resulting fibrosus exhibits a variety of patterns & is known as ___ of the ___
liver, inferior vena cava, hepatic
liver parenchymal, proliferation
cirrhosis, liver
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
resistance to blood flow through the ___ results in a build up of pressure known as ___
alternate routes of blood flow back to the heart exist which connect the portal & systemic venous systems & are known as the ___
these routes are possible b/c there are no ___ in any of the tributaries of the ___ system & they form anastomoses w/ branches of the ___ circulation
under conditions of portal hypertension, these anastomoses become greatly ___ & act as major ___
liver, portal hypertension
portal-systemic anastomoses
valves, hepatic portal, systemic venous
dilated, venous channels
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
4 major communications b/n the portal & systemic venous systems
at the lower end of the esophagus
the anterior abdominal wall
the anal canal
the posterior abdominal wall
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
4 major communications b/n the portal & systemic venous systems:
at the lower end of the esophagus:
esophageal branches of the ___ vein (portal)
esophageal branches of the ___ vein (systemic)
dilation of channels - ___
left gastric
azygous
esophageal varices
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
4 major communications b/n the portal & systemic venous systems:
the anterior abdominal wall:
___ veins (portal)
___ veins of the ___ wall (systemic)
dilation of channels - ___ (“Medusa’s head”)
paraumbilical
superficial
caput medusae
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
4 major communications b/n the portal & systemic venous systems:
the anal canal:
___ veins (portal)
___ veins (systemic)
dilation of channels - ___ (often have causes other than portal hypertension)
superior rectal
middle & inferior rectal
hemorrhoids
the portal-systemic anastomoses:
4 major communications b/n the portal & systemic venous systems:
the posterior abdominal wall:
tributaries of ___ organs (portal)
tributaries of ___ organs (systemic)
secondary retroperitoneal
primary retroperitoneal
