The Autonomics of the Head & Neck Flashcards
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the cranial portion of the parasympathetic nervous system leaves the ___ within four cranial nerves (4)
the parasympathetic fibers contained within cranial nerves ___ supply structures within the head (3)
the parasympathetic fibers contained in cranial nerve ___ supply structures in the thorax & abdomen (1)
brainstem
III, VII, IX, & X
III, VII, IX
X
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the parasympathetic fibers contained within cranial nerves III, VII, IX, & X are (pre/post-ganglionic) & must relay in parasympathetic ganglia much like the fibers contained within the ___ nerves
preganglionic
pelvic splanchnic nerves
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
four pairs of parasympathetic ganglia within the head (4)
ciliary
pterygopalatine
submandibular
otic
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
of the four ganglia:
- the oculomotor nerve (CN III) supplies preganglionic fibers to the ___ ganglion
- the facial nerve (CN VII) supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to both the ___ & ___ ganglia
- the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ___ ganglion
- ciliary ganglion
- pterygopalatine & submandibular ganglia
- otic ganglion
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
a small ganglion situated toward the back of the ___ on the lateral side of the ___ nerve
three roots (3)
orbit
optic nerve
sensory root
sympathetic root
parasympathetic (motor, oculomotor) root
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
sensory root:
connects the ciliary ganglion to the ___ nerve
nasociliary
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
sympathetic root:
conveys (pre/postgang) (symp/parasymp) fibers through it form the ___ plexus
postganglionic sympathetic fibers
internal carotid plexus
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
parasympathetic (motor, oculomotor) root:
contains (pre/postgang) (symp/parasymp) fibers which synapse in the ganglion
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers exit the ganglion through ___ nerves (along w/ sensory fibers from the ___ nerve & sympathetic fibers from the ___ plexus) to the eyeball
short ciliary nerves
trigeminal nerve
internal carotid plexus
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the ciliary ganglion:
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate: (2)
postganglionic sympathetic fibers innervate: (2)
ciliary muscle
sphincter of the pupil
dilator of the pupil
vasculature of the eye
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the pterygopalatine ganglion:
lies in the ___ fossa where it is suspended from the ___ division of the ___ nerve by two (___) communicating branches
pterygopalatine fossa
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
pterygopalatine
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the pterygopalatine ganglion:
receives its preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the nerve of the ___ canal (a combination of preganglionic parasympathetic & taste fibers from the ___ nerve of cranial nerve ___ & postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve)
pterygoid canal
greater petrosal nerve of cranial nerve VII
deep petrosal nerve
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the pterygopalatine ganglion:
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ganglion join seven nerves: (7)
- greater & lesser palatine nerves
- posterior nasal branches
- nasopalatine nerve
- pharyngeal nerve
- orbital branches
- zygomatic nerve (which ultimately passes them off to the lacrimal nerve of V1)
- superior alveolar nerves
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the pterygopalatine ganglion:
all of the postganglionic parasympathetic branches also contain sensory fibers from the ___ nerve & postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
the greater & lesser palatine branches also contain taste fibers from the ___ nerve
trigeminal nerve
deep petrosal nerve
greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the submandibular ganglion:
lies medial to the ___ suspended from the ___ nerve & close tot he upper border of the ___ gland
attached to the ___ nerve by communicating branches containing preganglionic & postganglionic (symp/parasymp) fibers
mandible
lingual nerve (V3)
submandibular gland
lingual nerve
parasympathetic fibers
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the submandibular ganglion:
its preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the ___ nerve of the ___ through the ___ which contains preganglionic parasympaethtic & taste fibers (for taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue)
lingual nerve
trigeminal
chorda tympani (CN VII)
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the submandibular ganglion:
the chorda tympani leaves the ___ nerve in the ___ part of the ___ bone, traverse the ___ cavity, & leaves the skull through the ___ fisure
facial nerve
petrous part of the temporal bone
middle ear cavity
petrotympanic fissure
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the submandibular ganglion:
the (pre/postgang) (symp/parasymp) fibers synapse in the submandibular ganglion
some of these fibers proceed directly to the ___ gland
the remainder join the ___ nerve via the communicating branches & proceed forward to the ___ & ___ glands
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
submandibular gland
lingual nerve
sublingual & lingual salivary glands
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the otic ganglion:
lies on the medial side of the ___ branch of the ___ nerve, just outside the ___ & deep in the ___ fossa
receives its (pre/postgang) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ nerve
mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
foramen ovale
infratermporal fossa
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
lesser petrosal nerve
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the otic ganglion:
the lesser petrosal nerve is a derivative of the ___ nerve & has a very ___ course
glossopharyngeal nerve
circuitous course
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the otic ganglion:
the glossopharyngeal nerve gives off the ___ branch that enters the ___ cavity & contributes to the ___ plexus along w/ sympathetic twigs from the ___ plexus & a twig from the ___ nerve
tympanic branch middle ear cavity tympanic plexus internal carotid plexus facial nerve
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the otic ganglion:
the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers then leave the plexus as the ___ nerve
this nerve exits the ___ bone & enters the ___ fossa via the hiatus of the ___ nerve running lateral & parallel to the ___ nerve
lesser petrosal nerve
petrous temporal bone
middle cranial fossa
hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve
greater petrosal nerve
the parasympathetic system in the head & neck:
the otic ganglion:
the lesser petrosal nerve exits the skull via the ___ & enters the ___ fossa
its (pre/postgang) fibers synapse on (pre/postgang) neurons in the otic ganglion
the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are then passed on to the ___ nerve which distributes them to the ___ gland
foramen ovale
infratemporal fossa
preganglionic
postganglion
auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
parotid gland
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
all of the sympathetic fibers to the head are derived from the ___ ganglion
the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the ___ horns (intermediolateral gray columns) of the ___ segments of the spinal cord
superior cervical ganglion
lateral gray horns
upper thoracic segments
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
the superior cervical ganglion sends fibers along the ___ & ___ arteries (___ & ___ nerves)
external & internal carotid arteries
external & internal carotid nerves
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
external carotid nerve:
one or several nerves run downward from the ___ ganglion to the base of the ___ artery
the nerves form a ___ plexus along the ___ artery & its branches
superior cervical ganglion
external carotid artery
external carotid plexus
external carotid artery
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
external carotid nerve:
the nerves also send a smaller ___ plexus downward along the ___ artery
the external carotid plexus supplies all of the areas of distribution of the ___ arteries including the ___ of the face & neck & the ___ glands
common carotid plexus
common carotid artery
external carotid arteries
sweat glands
salivary glands
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
internal carotid nerve:
the (smallest/largest) branch from the superior cervical ganglion to the head
the nerve forms an ___ plexus on the ___ artery & follows its course
while it is close to the ___ cavity, this plexus gives off twigs that join the ___ plexus on the medial wall of the ___ cavity
largest
internal carotid plexus
internal carotid artery
middle ear cavity
tympanic plexus
tympanic cavity
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
internal carotid nerve:
two main groups of sympathetic fibers leave internal carotid plexus during the course of the internal carotid artery through the ___ sinus (2)
cavernous
sympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion
deep petrosal nerve
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
internal carotid nerve:
sympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion:
runs forward through the ciliary ganglion w/o ___
the fibers enter the ___ nerves & are distributed to the dilator of the ___ & the vasculature of the ___
synapsing
short ciliary nerves
dilator of the pupil
vasculature of the eye
the sympathetic system in the head & neck:
internal carotid nerve:
deep petrosal nerve:
joins the greater petrosal nerve to form the ___
the postganglionic sympathetic fibers of the deep petrosal nerve pass through the ___ ganglion w/o synapsing & are distributed w/ all of the branches of the ___ division of the ___ nerve
nerve of the pterygoid canal
pterygopalatine ganglion
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
stimulation of the sympathetic fibers causes the following:
dilation of the ___ (mydriasis)
elevation of the ___ (smooth muscle component of the levator palpebrae superioris - “superior tarsalmuscle, mueller’s muscle”)
vasoconstrictoin of the ___ of the ___ & ___
sweating of the ___ of the ___ & ___
pupil
eyelid
blood vessels of the head & neck
skin of the face & neck
horner’s syndrome:
interruption of the (symp/parasymp) pathway anywhere along its course to the head & neck induces horner’s syndrome
symptoms:
- ___: drooping of the eyelid due to paralysis of the smooth muscle component of the levator palebrae superioris
- ___: constriction of the pupil
- ___: inhibition of sweating in face & neck
- ___: of face & neck (redness)
- ___: receding of the eye into the orbital cavity due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle
the heart rat may also (increase/decrease) b/c the (symp/parasymp) cardiac branches are derived from the cervical (symp/parasymp) ganglia
sympathetic
- ptosis
- myosis
- anhydrosis
- vasodilation
- enophthalmus
decrease
sympathetic
sympathetic ganglia
