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Anatomy > The Parotid, Temporal, & Infratemporal Regions & the Temporomandibular Joint > Flashcards

The Parotid, Temporal, & Infratemporal Regions & the Temporomandibular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

the parotid region:

compromises the ___ gland & structures related to it

this gland is the (smallest/largest) of the three paired ___ glands

A

parotid

largest
salivary

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2
Q

the parotid region:

wedged b/n the ___ & ___ muscle anteriorly, & the ___ muscle posteriorly

overlaps both muscles (superfically/deeply)

A

ramus of the mandible
masseter muscle

sternoclediomastoid muscle

superficially

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3
Q

the parotid region:

the ___ nerve & its branches pass forward within the parotid gland & divide it into ___ & ___ parts

A

facial nerve

superficial & deep parts

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4
Q

the parotid region:

the parotid gland is enclosed within a tough connective tissue capsule, the ___, derived from the ___ layer of ___ fascia

a special thickening of this fascia on its deep surface is the ___ ligament which separates the ___ & ___ glands

A

parotid sheath
investing layer of deep fascia

stylomandibular ligament
parotid & submandibular glands

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5
Q

structures within the parotid gland (superficial to deep) (3)

A

facial nerve
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery

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6
Q

structures within the parotid gland:
facial nerve:

after entering the parotid gland, the facial nerve typically divides into ___ & ___ trunks (___ & ___ trunks, respectively)

they may pass through the substance of the gland, branching & anastomosing forming the ___ plexus

A

upper & lower trunks
temporofacial & cervicofacial trunks

parotid plexus

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7
Q

structures within the parotid gland:
facial nerve:

five terminal branches emerge from the ___, ___, & ___ borders of the gland named for the regions they supply (5)

A

upper
anterior
lower

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular (marginal mandibular)
cervical
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8
Q

structures within the parotid gland:
external carotid artery:

passes into the (superior/inferior) border of the parotid gland, gives off its ___ branch, & then divides behind the ___ into two terminal branches (2)

A

superior border
posterior auricular branch
neck of the mandible

superficial temporal artery
maxillary artery

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9
Q

structures within the parotid gland:
retromandibular vein:

formed within the substance of the parotid gland by the union of the ___ & ___ veins

usually divides into ___ & ___ branches just below the parotid gland

A

superficial temporal
maxillary

anterior & posterior

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10
Q

the parotid gland:
the parotid duct:

passes forward over the surface of the ___ muscle approximately a fingerbreadth below the ___ arch

pierces the ___ & ___ muscle

A

masseter muscle
zygomatic arch

buccal fat pad
buccinator muscle

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11
Q

the parotid gland:
the parotid duct:

opens into the ___ cavity opposite the ___ tooth

the ___ artery (branch of the ___ artery) runs forward above the parotid duct

A

oral cavity
second upper molar tooth

transverse facial artery
superficial temporal artery

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12
Q

the parotid gland:
innervation:

general sensory innervation to the parotid gland, its sheath, & the overlying skin is provided by the ___ nerve as it ramifies over the surface of the gland

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the gland via the ___ nerve

postganglionic sympathetic innervation is derived from the ___ plexus

A

great auricular nerve

auriculotemporal nerve

external carotid plexus

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13
Q

the temporal fossa:
borders:

superior: ___ lines
anterior: ___ process of the ___ bone
inferior: ___ arch & ___ crest of the ___ bone

A

temporal lines

frontal process of the zygomatic bone

zygomatic arch & infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone

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14
Q

the temporal fossa:
contents:

\_\_\_ muscle & fascia
\_\_\_ nerves
\_\_\_ arteries
\_\_\_ nerve branches
\_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_ artery & vein
A 
temporalis muscle & fascia
deep temporal nerve
deep temporal arteries
zygomaticotemporal nerve branches
auriculotemporal nerve
superficial temporal artery & vein
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15
Q

the temporal fossa:
deep temporal nerves:

pass around the ___ crest of hte __- bone & enter the ___ muscle on its deep surface

A

infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone

temporalis muscle

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16
Q

the temporal fossa:
deep temporal arteires:

branches of the ___ artery in the ___ fossa

travel w/ the ___ nerves

A

maxillary artery
infratemporal fossa

infratemporal nerves

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17
Q

the temporal fossa:
zygomaticotemporal nerve branches:

enter the ___ fossa through one or more small foramina on the ___ fossa surface of the ___ bone

A

temporal fossa
temporal fossa
zygomatic bone

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18
Q

the temporal fossa:
auriculotemporal nerve & superficial temporal artery & vein:

ascend immediately in front of the ___

A

ear

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19
Q

the infratemporal fossa:
borders:

anterior: ___ surface of the ___
posterior: ___ process of the ___ bone
medial: ___
lateral: ___
superior: ___

A 
infratemporal surface of the maxilla
styloid process of the temporal bone
lateral pterygoid plate
ramus of the mandible
infratemporal crest
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20
Q

the infratemporal fossa:
contents:

\_\_\_ ligament
\_\_\_ division of the \_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_ artery (1st & 2nd parts)
\_\_\_ plexus
\_\_\_
\_\_\_ ganglion
\_\_\_ & \_\_\_ muscles
A 
sphenomandibular ligament
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
maxillary artery
pterygoid venous plexus
chorda tympani
otic ganglion
medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
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21
Q

the infratmpoeral fossa:
pterygoid plexus:

network of ___ within the infratemporal fossa

the important point to remember is that none of these veins posses ___ so blood can potentially flow in ___

infections can spread from the pterygoid plexus in ___ to areas communication w/ the pterygoid plexus

for example, infections can spread from the ___ to the ___ cavity & ___ sinus resulting in ___ & ___

A

veins

valves
any direction

any direction

teeth
cranial cavity
cavernous sinus
cavernous sinus thrombosis
cranial meningitis
22
Q

muscles of mastication:
temporalis muscle:

(small/large), ___-shaped muscle

nerve: ___ division of the ___ nerve

action:

  • powerful (elevator/depressor) of the mandible closing the ___ & approximating the ___
  • posterior fibers (protract/retract) the ___ after it has been protruded
  • the muscle also contributes to side-to-side ___ movements
A

large, fan-shaped

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

elevator
mouth
teeth

retract
mandible

grinding

23
Q

muscles of mastication (4)

A

temporalis muscle
masseter muscle
lateral pterygoid muscle
medial pterygoid muscle

24
Q

muscles of mastication:
masseter muscle:

nerve: ___ division of the ___ nerve

action:

  • (elevates/depresses) mandible to occlude the ___ in mastication
  • has a small effect in side-to-side ___, ___, & ___
A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

elevates
teeth

movements
protraction
retraction

25
Q

muscles of mastication:
lateral pterygoid muscle:

nerve: ___ division of the ___ nerve

action:

  • acting together, the lateral pterygoid muscles pull the ___ discs & head of the mandible forward, (protruding/retracting) the mandible
  • when the lateral & medial pterygoids contract on side only, the mandible is moved laterally to the (same/opposite) side
A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

auricular discs
protruding

opposite

26
Q

muscles of mastication:
medial pterygoid muscle:

nerve: ___ division of the ___ nerve

action:

  • primary action: (elevate/depress) the mandible
  • assists the lateral pterygoid in (protruding/retracting) the mandible
A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

elevate

protruding

27
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

articulation: the ___ process of the mandible articulates w/ part of the ___ fossa & ___ tubercle of the ___ bone

A

condylar process
mandibular fossa
articular tubercle
temporal bone

28
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

modified ___ joint

allows opening & closing via a ___ action around a central axis passing through the ___ as well as anterior/posterior sliding (___) movements & side-to-side movement

A

hinge

hinge action
mandibular condyles
translation

29
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

unlike most other ___ joints where the articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage, those of the tmj are covered by ___

the ___ disc is predominantly composed of dense ___ tissue & some ___

A

synovial
fibrocartilage

articular disc
connective tissue
fibrocartilage

30
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

the entire joint is ___

the joint is completely separated into two parts by the ___ disc (2)

A

avascular

articular disc

lower part
upper part

31
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

lower part: allows mainly the hinge-like ___ & ___

upper part: allows the head of the mandible to slide (___) forward (___) onto the articular tubercle & backward (___) into the articular fossa

A

depression & elevation

translate
protrusion
retraction

32
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):

___ membrane lines all of the non-articular surfaces of the upper & lower compartments of the joint & is attached to the margins of the ___ discs

A

synovial membrane

articular discs

33
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):
synovial membrane & joint capsule:

the upper portion of the joint capsule above the attachment of the disc is (lax/taut) & allows for ___ & ___ movements

the lower portion of the joint capsule below the disc is (lax/taut), but allows the ___ movement

A

lax
forward (protrusion) & backward (retraction) translational movements

taut
rotatory (hinge)

34
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):
articular disc:

the disc completely separates the joint into ___ compartments

the disc attaches to the circumference of the ___ capsule at about its middle

the articular disc moves forward & backward w/ the ___

A

two compartments

fibrous capsule

condyle

35
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
stylomandibular ligament:

consists of a specialized thickening of the ___ layer of ___ fascia located (anterior/posterior) to the tmj

also consists of thickening of the posterior part of the ___ of the ___

attaches superiorly to the ___ process & inferiorly to the ___

A

investing layer ofdeep cervical fascia
posterior

capsule of the parotid gland

styloid process
ramus of the mandible

36
Q

the temporomandibular joint (tmj):
articular disc:

anteriorly, the disc is attached to the tendon of the ___ muscle

posteriorly, the disc is continuous w/ a layer of loose ___ tissue (sometimesconsidered a continuation of the disc) which splits into two ___

A

lateral pterygoid muscle

vascular tissue
laminae

37
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj (3)

A

temporomandibular (lateral) ligament

stylomandibular ligament

sphenomandibular ligament

38
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
temporomandibular (lateral) ligament:

this broad ligament is attached above to the ___ tubercle on the root of the ___ process of the ___ bone & below to the lateral surface & posterior border of the ___

A

artiuclar tubercle
zygomatic process
temporal bone
neck of the mandibular condyle

39
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
temporomandibular (lateral) ligament:

its fibers pass (upward/downward) & (forward/backward)

it functions as a check ligament to prevent downward & backward displacement of the ___

A

downward & backward

condyle

40
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
stylomandibular ligament:

it functions as a check ligament in (protrusion/retraction) of the mandible

this ligament is relaxed when the mouth is (open/closed) & only becomes taut during extreme (protrusion/retraction)

thus, it does not limit ___ movement to any appreciative extent

A

protrusion of the mandible

open
protrusion

joint

41
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
sphenomandibular ligament:

located medial to the ___ of the joint

attaches superiorly to the ___ of the ___ bone & expands inferiorly to attach to the ___ of the ___ & the posterior margin of the ___ foramen

A

capsule

spine of the sphenoid bone
lingual of the mandible
mandibular foramen

42
Q

accessory ligaments of the tmj:
sphenomandibular ligament:

it functions as a check ligament & is relaxed when the jaw is (open/closed) & becomes tense as the jaw is (opened/closed)

relations:

  • lateral: ___ muscle, ___ nerve, ___ artery
  • medial: ___ muscle, ___
A

closed
opened

  • lateral pterygoid muscle, auriculotemporal nerve, maxillary artery
  • medial pterygoid muscle, chorda tympani
43
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
jaw movement:
opening the mouth:

opening the mouth involves both (elevation/depression) & (protrusion/retraction) of the mandible

A

depression

protrusion

44
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
jaw movement:
opening the mouth:

the forward or protrusive movement allows greater depression of the mandible by preventing backward movement of the ___ of the ___ into structures in the ___ (e.g., ___ & ___)

full protrusion, the articular disc lies under the ___

A

angle of the mandible
neck (e.g., parotid & sternocleidomastoid)

articular tubercle

45
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
jaw movement:
closing the mouth:

involves the reverse of ___

(protrusion/retraction) & (elevation/depression) of the mandible

A

opening the mouth

retraction
elevation

46
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
typical dissection of the region (superficial to deep):

\_\_\_
\_\_\_ & relations
\_\_\_ muscle
\_\_\_ of mandible & \_\_\_ muscle
\_\_\_ artery & branches
\_\_\_ muscle
\_\_\_ nerve & branches
\_\_\_ muscle
A 
skin
parotid & relations
masseter muscle
ramus of mandible & temporalis muscle
maxillary artery & branches
lateral pterygoid muscle
mandibular nerve & branches
medial pterygoid muscle
47
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
jaw movement:
movements & muscles responsible:

depression: three muscles (3)
elevation: three muscles (3)

A

digastric muscle
geniohyoid muscle
mylohyoid muscle

temporalis muscle
masseter muscle
medial pterygoid muscle

48
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
jaw movement:
movements & muscles responsible:

protrusion (protraction): one prime & two assisting muscles (3)

retrusion (retraction): one prime & two assisting muscles (3)

A

prime:
- lateral pterygoid muscle

assisting:

  • superficial heads of the masseter
  • medial pterygoid

prime:
- posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle

assisting:

  • deep head of the masseter
  • digastric
49
Q

the temporomandibular joint:
nerve supply:

the articular & the dense part of the articular disc have ___

(pre/postgang) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ plexus innervate the same regions of the joint

A

no nerve supply

postganglionic sympathetic fibers
external carotid plexus

50
Q

the temporomandibular joint:

nerve supply: one main & two others (3)

A

main:
- auriculotemproal nerve

others:

  • posterior deep temporal nerve
  • masseteric nerve
51
Q

artery between stylomandibular ligament & neck of mandible

A

maxillary artery

Anatomy (66 decks)

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