The Organization of the Neck II Flashcards
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
deep to the superficial fascia, the deep fascia is organized into several distinct layers (4)
investing
prevertebral
pretracheal
carotid sheath
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
the investing layer surrounds all of the important structures in the ___
the prevertebral layer surrounds the ___ & the ___ closely connected w/ it
the pretracheal layer forms a ___ compartment around the ___
the carotid sheath forms a ___ compartment
neck
vertebral column
muscles
visceral
chief viscera
neruovascular
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:
completely encircles the neck & splits to enclose the ___ & ___ muscles
also splits to enclose the ___ gland
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
parotid
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:
forms a thickening on the deep surface of the parotid b/n the styloid process & mandible: ___ ligament
this effectively separates the ___ from the ___ gland
stylomandibular
parotid
submandibular
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:
the ___ & ___ veins & ___ branches of the ___ plexus (4) all pierce the investing layer of deep cervical fascia
external & anterior jugular veins
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
- lesser occipital
- great auricular
- transverse cervical
- supraclavicular
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:
immediately above the manubrium, the layer splits to form a small suprasternal space (of ___) which contains the ___, a venous connection b/n the two ___ veins
Burns
jugular arch
anterior jugular
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:
encloses the structures in a visceral compartment of the neck (5)
thyroid gland trachea esophagus pharynx larynx
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:
forms a complete fascial sheath for the ___ deep to the strap muscles
the deep layer of this envelope encircles the ___ & ___
thyroid gland
larynx
trachea
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:
the posterior portion of the pretracheal fascia is called the ___ (___) fascia, which separates the esophagus from the ___ fascia
buccopharyngeal (visceral)
prevertebral
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
cylindrical layer of fascia that surrounds the ___ & the ___ associated w/ it (3)
it also form s the fascial floor of the ___ of the neck
vertebral column
muscles
- prevertebral muscles
- scalenes
- deep muscles of the back of the neck
posterior triangle
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
___ sheath - extension of the prevertebral fascia surrounding the ___ artery & ___ plexus as they emerge from b/n the scalenus anterior & scalenus medius
axillary
subclavian
brachial
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
attaches to the ___ processes & splits into lamina (2)
transverse
anterior lamina (alar fascia) posterior lamina
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
anterior lamina (alar fascia):
ends by blending w/ the fascia on the ___ wall of the ___ at about ___ level
posterior
esophagus
T2
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
posterior lamina:
continues down along the front of the ___ portion of the vertebral column to the ___
thoracic
diaphragm
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
retropharyngeal space:
(anterior/posterior) space
space immediately behind the ___ & ___
limited inferiorly by the attachment of the ___ fascia to the ___
anterior
pharynx
esophagus
alar
esophagus
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
danger space:
(anterior/posterior) space
potential space b/n the two layers of prevertebral fascia in front of the ___
extends downward throughout the ___ to the ___
posterior
vertebral column
thorax
diaphragm
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath:
condensation of fascia round the ___ of the neck
receives contributions from the ___, ___, & ___ layers
___ lies behind the carotid sheath b/n the carotid sheath & the prevertebral fascia
great vessels
investing
pretracheal
prevertebral
cervical sympathetic trunk
compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath contents:
___ vein (anterolateral)
___ & ___ arteries (anteromedial)
___ nerve (posteroir)
___ lymph nodes (along internal jugular vein)
___ - may be found on the surface of, embedded in, or within the carotid sheath
internal jugular vein common & internal carotid arteries vagus nerve deep cervical lymph nodes ansa cervicalis
major blood vessels of the neck:
the blood supply of the head & neck & the upper limbs are derived from arteries that branch from the ___
aortic arch
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the aortic arch (3)
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian
major blood vessels of the neck:
the brachiocephalic trunk divides behind the right ___ joint into the ___ & ___
sternoclavicular
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:
each artery arches upward, backward, & laterally over the ___ & ___
pleurae
lung
major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:
the arteries are divided into three parts by the ___ muscle:
- 1st part: ___ to the muscle
- 2nd part: ___ the muscle
- 3rd part: ___ to the muscle
the 3rd part lies in front of the ___ of the brachial plexus & behind the ___
scalenus anterior
- medial
- behind
- lateral
inferior trunk
subclavian vein
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
medial to lateral (4)
note: these branches are usually derived form the ___ part of the subclavian artery, but branches may arise from the other segments
vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
costocervical trunk
first
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
vertebral artery:
runs upward & posteriorly & enters the ___
the ___ ganglion lies posterior to its origin
note: left may arise from the ___
transverse foramen of C6
cervicothracic (stellate)
aortic arch
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
normal branches of thyrocervical trunk (3)
inferior thyroid artery
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
thyrocervical trunk:
inferior thyroid artery:
runs upward in front of the ___ muscle, then medially, posterior to the ___ & terminates on the posterior surface of the ___ gland
important branches:
- ___ artery: accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve to the larynx
- ___ artery: runs anterior to the prevertebral muscles
scalenus anterior
carotid sheath
thyroid
- inferior laryngeal
- ascending cervical
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
thyrocervical trunk:
transverse cervical artery & suprascapular artery:
supply muscles related to the ___
upper extremities
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
internal thoracic (mammary) artery:
arises from the (superior/inferior) aspect of the subclavian artery at the level of the ___
inferior
thyrocervical trunk
major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:
costocervical trunk:
arises from the (anterior/posterior) surface of the subclavian & courses posterosuperiorly
branches:
- ___ artery: posterior intercostal arteries for the upper two intercostal spaces
- ___ artery: ascends on the back of the neck & anastomoses w/ the descending branch of the occipital artery
posterior
- supreme intercostal
- deep cervical
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
the right common carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk behind the ___
the left common carotid artery arises from the arch of the aorta & ascends into the neck behind the ___
each common carotid ascends within the carotid sheath to the level of the ___ border of the ___ cartilage where it divides into the ___ & ___ carotid arteries
right sternoclavicular joint
left sternoclavicular joint
superior border of the thyroid cartilage
internal & external
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
carotid sinus:
dilation of the ___ & first part of the ___
specialized pressure receptors: ___ (CN ___ & ___)
carotid bifurcation
internal carotid
baroreceptors (IX & X)
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
carotid body:
small reddish brown ___ mass behind the ___
specialized receptors monitoring oxygen levels: ___ (CN ___ & ___)
epithelial
bifurcation of the common carotid
chemoreceptors (IX & X)
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
internal carotid:
originates posterior or posterolateral to the ___
ascends more (medially/laterally) & enters the ___ of the skull
no branches in the ___
external carotid
medially
carotid canal
neck
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
branches of the external carotid (8)
superior thyroid lingual facial ascending pharyngeal occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
superior thyroid artery:
first (anterior/posterior) branch
passes downward & runs superficial & parallel to the ___ nerve
reaches the superior pole of the ___ gland
gives off the ___ artery which pierces the ___ membrane w/ the ___ nerve
anterior
external laryngeal
thyroid
superior laryngeal
thyrohyoid
internal laryngeal
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
lingual artery:
(anterior/posterior) branch given off just superior to the ___ artery (may arise from a common stem w/ the ___)
grooves the ___ gland & hooks around the ___ at the anterior border of the ___ muscle
lingual
lingual
submandibular
mandible
masseter
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
ascending pharyngeal artery:
arises from the (medial/lateral) surface of the external carotid usually b/n the origins of the ___ & ___ arteries
ascends on the posterolateral wall of the ___ which it supplies
medial
superior thyroid
lingual
pharynx
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
occipital artery:
(anterior/posterior) branch given off approximately at the same level as the origin of the ___ artery
the ___ nerve hooks around the occipital artery close to its origin
passes posterioly & supplies the scalp w/ the ___ nerve
posterior
facial
hypoglossal
greater occipital
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
posterior auricular artery:
(anterior/posterior) branch which ascends behind the ___
runs upward & backward to be distributed behind the ___
posterior
ear
ear
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
maxillary artery:
___ branch of the external carotid arising behind the ___
gives off 17 or 18 named branches to the ___, ___, & ___ areas
terminal
neck of the mandible
jaws
palate
nasal
major blood vessels of the neck:
carotid arteries:
external carotid:
superficial temporal artery:
___ branch which is the continuation of the external carotid beyond the ___ artery
supplies the ___, side of head in front of ear
terminal
maxillary
external acoustic meatus
the cervical plexus:
formed by the ventral rami of ___ nerves ___
the rami are joined by connecting branches which form loops that lie in front of the origins of the ___ & ___ muscle
cervical
C1 - C4
levator scapulae
scalenus medius muscle
the cervical plexus:
branches:
cutaneous branches (4)
lesser occipital
grater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular
the cervical plexus:
branches:
ansa cervicalis
formed from ___ & ___ roots
a branch of ___ joins the ___ nerve
some of these fibers leave this nerve as the ___ of the ansa cervicalis
superior
inferior
C1
hypoglossal
superior root
the cervical plexus:
branches:
ansa cervicalis:
the superior root descends & unites w/ the ___ (C2, C3) completing the ansa cervicalis
the ansa cervicalis supplies the ___, ___, & ___
the remaining C1 fibers traveling w/ the hypoglossal nerve leave it as the nerve to the ___ & nerve to the ___
inferior root
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
geniohyoid
the cervical plexus:
branches (3 main)
cutaneous branches
ansa cervicalis
phrenic nerve
the cervical plexus:
branches:
phrenic nerve
from spinal cord levels ___
C3
C4
C5
the cervical plexus:
other branches:
motor (1)
propreioceptive (3)
prevertebral
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
trapezius
the thyroid & parathyroid glands:
thyroid gland:
two large lobes of the thyroid gland lie anterolateral to the ___ & ___
the ___ unites them across the front of the ___ immediately below the ___
trachea
larynx
isthmus
trachea
larynx
the thyroid & parathyroid glands:
thyroid gland:
sometimes a pointed process, the ___, points upward from the isthmus, usually close to the anterior midline
this may attach by connective tissue to the ___ cartilage or may even extend up to attach to the ___ bone
on the posterior surface, the lobes of the thyroid are attached by dense connective tissue to the ___ cartilage & several of the upper ___
pyramidal lobe
thyroid
hyoid
cricoid
tracheal rings
