The Organization of the Neck II

Question 1

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:

deep to the superficial fascia, the deep fascia is organized into several distinct layers (4)

Answer 1

investing
prevertebral
pretracheal
carotid sheath

Question 2

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:

the investing layer surrounds all of the important structures in the ___

the prevertebral layer surrounds the ___ & the ___ closely connected w/ it

the pretracheal layer forms a ___ compartment around the ___

the carotid sheath forms a ___ compartment

Answer 2

neck

vertebral column
muscles

visceral
chief viscera

neruovascular

Question 3

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

completely encircles the neck & splits to enclose the ___ & ___ muscles

also splits to enclose the ___ gland

Answer 3

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius

parotid

Question 4

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

forms a thickening on the deep surface of the parotid b/n the styloid process & mandible: ___ ligament

this effectively separates the ___ from the ___ gland

Answer 4

stylomandibular

parotid
submandibular

Question 5

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

the ___ & ___ veins & ___ branches of the ___ plexus (4) all pierce the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 5

external & anterior jugular veins

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

• lesser occipital
• great auricular
• transverse cervical
• supraclavicular

Question 6

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
investing fascia:

immediately above the manubrium, the layer splits to form a small suprasternal space (of ___) which contains the ___, a venous connection b/n the two ___ veins

Answer 6

Burns
jugular arch
anterior jugular

Question 7

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

encloses the structures in a visceral compartment of the neck (5)

Answer 7

thyroid gland
trachea
esophagus
pharynx
larynx

Question 8

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

forms a complete fascial sheath for the ___ deep to the strap muscles

the deep layer of this envelope encircles the ___ & ___

Answer 8

thyroid gland

larynx
trachea

Question 9

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
pretracheal fascia:

the posterior portion of the pretracheal fascia is called the ___ (___) fascia, which separates the esophagus from the ___ fascia

Answer 9

buccopharyngeal (visceral)

prevertebral

Question 10

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

cylindrical layer of fascia that surrounds the ___ & the ___ associated w/ it (3)

it also form s the fascial floor of the ___ of the neck

Answer 10

vertebral column

muscles

• prevertebral muscles
• scalenes
• deep muscles of the back of the neck

posterior triangle

Question 11

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

___ sheath - extension of the prevertebral fascia surrounding the ___ artery & ___ plexus as they emerge from b/n the scalenus anterior & scalenus medius

Answer 11

axillary

subclavian
brachial

Question 12

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:

attaches to the ___ processes & splits into lamina (2)

Answer 12

transverse

anterior lamina (alar fascia)
posterior lamina

Question 13

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
anterior lamina (alar fascia):

ends by blending w/ the fascia on the ___ wall of the ___ at about ___ level

Answer 13

posterior
esophagus
T2

Question 14

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
posterior lamina:

continues down along the front of the ___ portion of the vertebral column to the ___

Answer 14

thoracic

diaphragm

Question 15

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
retropharyngeal space:

(anterior/posterior) space

space immediately behind the ___ & ___

limited inferiorly by the attachment of the ___ fascia to the ___

Answer 15

anterior

pharynx
esophagus

alar
esophagus

Question 16

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
prevertebral fascia:
danger space:

(anterior/posterior) space

potential space b/n the two layers of prevertebral fascia in front of the ___

extends downward throughout the ___ to the ___

Answer 16

posterior

vertebral column

thorax
diaphragm

Question 17

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath:

condensation of fascia round the ___ of the neck

receives contributions from the ___, ___, & ___ layers

___ lies behind the carotid sheath b/n the carotid sheath & the prevertebral fascia

Answer 17

great vessels

investing
pretracheal
prevertebral

cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 18

compartments & fascial planes of the neck:
carotid sheath contents:

___ vein (anterolateral)
___ & ___ arteries (anteromedial)
___ nerve (posteroir)
___ lymph nodes (along internal jugular vein)
___ - may be found on the surface of, embedded in, or within the carotid sheath

Answer 18

internal jugular vein
common & internal carotid arteries
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
ansa cervicalis

Question 19

major blood vessels of the neck:

the blood supply of the head & neck & the upper limbs are derived from arteries that branch from the ___

Answer 19

aortic arch

Question 20

major blood vessels of the neck:

branches of the aortic arch (3)

Answer 20

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian

Question 21

major blood vessels of the neck:

the brachiocephalic trunk divides behind the right ___ joint into the ___ & ___

Answer 21

sternoclavicular

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

Question 22

major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:

each artery arches upward, backward, & laterally over the ___ & ___

Answer 22

pleurae

lung

Question 23

major blood vessels of the neck:
the subclavian arteries:

the arteries are divided into three parts by the ___ muscle:

• 1st part: ___ to the muscle
• 2nd part: ___ the muscle
• 3rd part: ___ to the muscle

the 3rd part lies in front of the ___ of the brachial plexus & behind the ___

Answer 23

scalenus anterior

• medial
• behind
• lateral

inferior trunk
subclavian vein

Question 24

major blood vessels of the neck:
branches of the subclavian artery:

medial to lateral (4)

note: these branches are usually derived form the ___ part of the subclavian artery, but branches may arise from the other segments

Answer 24

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
costocervical trunk

first

Question 25

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: vertebral artery: runs upward & posteriorly & enters the ___ the ___ ganglion lies posterior to its origin note: left may arise from the ___

Answer 25

transverse foramen of C6 cervicothracic (stellate) aortic arch

Question 26

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: normal branches of thyrocervical trunk (3)

Answer 26

inferior thyroid artery transverse cervical artery suprascapular artery

Question 27

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: thyrocervical trunk: inferior thyroid artery: runs upward in front of the ___ muscle, then medially, posterior to the ___ & terminates on the posterior surface of the ___ gland important branches: - ___ artery: accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve to the larynx - ___ artery: runs anterior to the prevertebral muscles

Answer 27

scalenus anterior carotid sheath thyroid - inferior laryngeal - ascending cervical

Question 28

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: thyrocervical trunk: transverse cervical artery & suprascapular artery: supply muscles related to the ___

Answer 28

upper extremities

Question 29

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: internal thoracic (mammary) artery: arises from the (superior/inferior) aspect of the subclavian artery at the level of the ___

Answer 29

inferior thyrocervical trunk

Question 30

major blood vessels of the neck: branches of the subclavian artery: costocervical trunk: arises from the (anterior/posterior) surface of the subclavian & courses posterosuperiorly branches: - ___ artery: posterior intercostal arteries for the upper two intercostal spaces - ___ artery: ascends on the back of the neck & anastomoses w/ the descending branch of the occipital artery

Answer 30

posterior - supreme intercostal - deep cervical

Question 31

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: the right common carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk behind the ___ the left common carotid artery arises from the arch of the aorta & ascends into the neck behind the ___ each common carotid ascends within the carotid sheath to the level of the ___ border of the ___ cartilage where it divides into the ___ & ___ carotid arteries

Answer 31

right sternoclavicular joint left sternoclavicular joint superior border of the thyroid cartilage internal & external

Question 32

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: carotid sinus: dilation of the ___ & first part of the ___ specialized pressure receptors: ___ (CN ___ & ___)

Answer 32

carotid bifurcation internal carotid baroreceptors (IX & X)

Question 33

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: carotid body: small reddish brown ___ mass behind the ___ specialized receptors monitoring oxygen levels: ___ (CN ___ & ___)

Answer 33

epithelial bifurcation of the common carotid chemoreceptors (IX & X)

Question 34

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: internal carotid: originates posterior or posterolateral to the ___ ascends more (medially/laterally) & enters the ___ of the skull no branches in the ___

Answer 34

external carotid medially carotid canal neck

Question 35

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: branches of the external carotid (8)

Answer 35

``` superior thyroid lingual facial ascending pharyngeal occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal ```

Question 36

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: superior thyroid artery: first (anterior/posterior) branch passes downward & runs superficial & parallel to the ___ nerve reaches the superior pole of the ___ gland gives off the ___ artery which pierces the ___ membrane w/ the ___ nerve

Answer 36

anterior external laryngeal thyroid superior laryngeal thyrohyoid internal laryngeal

Question 37

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: lingual artery: (anterior/posterior) branch given off just superior to the ___ artery (may arise from a common stem w/ the ___) grooves the ___ gland & hooks around the ___ at the anterior border of the ___ muscle

Answer 37

lingual lingual submandibular mandible masseter

Question 38

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: ascending pharyngeal artery: arises from the (medial/lateral) surface of the external carotid usually b/n the origins of the ___ & ___ arteries ascends on the posterolateral wall of the ___ which it supplies

Answer 38

medial superior thyroid lingual pharynx

Question 39

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: occipital artery: (anterior/posterior) branch given off approximately at the same level as the origin of the ___ artery the ___ nerve hooks around the occipital artery close to its origin passes posterioly & supplies the scalp w/ the ___ nerve

Answer 39

posterior facial hypoglossal greater occipital

Question 40

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: posterior auricular artery: (anterior/posterior) branch which ascends behind the ___ runs upward & backward to be distributed behind the ___

Answer 40

posterior ear ear

Question 41

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: maxillary artery: ___ branch of the external carotid arising behind the ___ gives off 17 or 18 named branches to the ___, ___, & ___ areas

Answer 41

terminal neck of the mandible jaws palate nasal

Question 42

major blood vessels of the neck: carotid arteries: external carotid: superficial temporal artery: ___ branch which is the continuation of the external carotid beyond the ___ artery supplies the ___, side of head in front of ear

Answer 42

terminal maxillary external acoustic meatus

Question 43

the cervical plexus: formed by the ventral rami of ___ nerves ___ the rami are joined by connecting branches which form loops that lie in front of the origins of the ___ & ___ muscle

Answer 43

cervical C1 - C4 levator scapulae scalenus medius muscle

Question 44

the cervical plexus: branches: cutaneous branches (4)

Answer 44

lesser occipital grater auricular transverse cervical supraclavicular

Question 45

the cervical plexus: branches: ansa cervicalis formed from ___ & ___ roots a branch of ___ joins the ___ nerve some of these fibers leave this nerve as the ___ of the ansa cervicalis

Answer 45

superior inferior C1 hypoglossal superior root

Question 46

the cervical plexus: branches: ansa cervicalis: the superior root descends & unites w/ the ___ (C2, C3) completing the ansa cervicalis the ansa cervicalis supplies the ___, ___, & ___ the remaining C1 fibers traveling w/ the hypoglossal nerve leave it as the nerve to the ___ & nerve to the ___

Answer 46

inferior root sternohyoid sternothyroid omohyoid thyrohyoid geniohyoid

Question 47

the cervical plexus: | branches (3 main)

Answer 47

cutaneous branches ansa cervicalis phrenic nerve

Question 48

the cervical plexus: branches: phrenic nerve from spinal cord levels ___

Answer 48

C3 C4 C5

Question 49

the cervical plexus: other branches: motor (1) propreioceptive (3)

Answer 49

prevertebral sternocleidomastoid levator scapulae trapezius

Question 50

the thyroid & parathyroid glands: thyroid gland: two large lobes of the thyroid gland lie anterolateral to the ___ & ___ the ___ unites them across the front of the ___ immediately below the ___

Answer 50

trachea larynx isthmus trachea larynx

Question 51

the thyroid & parathyroid glands: thyroid gland: sometimes a pointed process, the ___, points upward from the isthmus, usually close to the anterior midline this may attach by connective tissue to the ___ cartilage or may even extend up to attach to the ___ bone on the posterior surface, the lobes of the thyroid are attached by dense connective tissue to the ___ cartilage & several of the upper ___

Answer 51

pyramidal lobe thyroid hyoid cricoid tracheal rings