The Oral Cavity

Question 1

oral cavity:

consists of two parts:

• ___: cleft separating the lips & cheeks from the gums & teeth
• ___: everything else

Answer 1

vestibule

oral cavity proper

Question 2

oral cavity:

the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is lined by (keratinized/non-keratinized), stratified, squamous epithelium, except for the gums & hard palates, which are (keratinized/non-keratinized)

the oral cavity proper is the space b/n the upper & lower ___ arches (___ & ___ process) & the teeth

Answer 2

non-keratinized
keratinized

dental arches
maxillary & mandibular alveolar processes

Question 3

oral cavity:

the roof is formed by the ___

the floor is mostly ___ & is largely occupied by the ___

Answer 3

hard palate

muscular
tongue

Question 4

oral cavity:

the vestibule communicates w/ the exterior via the ___ fissure b/n the ___

the oral cavity proper communicates posteriorly w/ the ___ via the ___, which passes b/n the palatoglossal arches & the tongue

Answer 4

oral fissure
lips

oropharynx
oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 5

oral cavity:

___ & ___: connect the upper & lower lips to the alveolar processes

Answer 5

upper & lower labial frenual

Question 6

oral cavity:

___: midline fold connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 6

lingula frenulum

Question 7

oral cavity:

___: openings of the submandibular ducts into the floor of the mouth opposite the lingual frenulum

Answer 7

sublingual caruncle (papilla)

Question 8

oral cavity:

___: formed by the sublingual glands running in the direction of the sublingual caruncle (papilla)

small ducts of sublingual glands open along the ___

Answer 8

sublingual folds

folds

Question 9

oral cavity:

___: lie on either side of the lingual frenulum

Answer 9

deep lingual veins

Question 10

oral cavity:

___: opening of the parotid duct (stenson’s duct) into the vestibule opposite the second upper molar tooth

Answer 10

parotid papilla

Question 11

the tongue:

mobile mass of (smooth/skeletal/cardiac) muscle covered by mucous membrane

anterior two-thirds (___) lies in the ___

posterior one-third (___) lies in the ___

Answer 11

skeletal

body
oral cavity

root
oropharynx

Question 12

the tongue:

___: inverted v-shaped groove separating the anterior two-thirds from the posterior one-third of the tongue

___: located at the junction of the two limbs of the sulcus terminalis (site of the embryonic thyroglossla duct)

Answer 12

sulcus terminalis

foramen cecum

Question 13

the tongue:
lingual papillae:

upfoldings of the mucous membrane covering the (dorsal/ventral) surface of the (anterior two-thirds/psosterior one-third) of the tongue

four types (4)

Answer 13

dorsal
anterior two-thirds

filiform papillae
fungiform papilla
foliate papillae
circumvallate papilla

Question 14

the tongue:
lingual papillae:
filiform papillae:

conical shaped projections arranged in (columns/rows) which diverge from the ___ & run parallel to the ___

(have/lack) taste buds (along surface from CN ___)

Answer 14

rows
midline
sulcus terminalis

lack

Question 15

the tongue:
lingual papillae:
fungiform papillae:

scattered throughout the ___ papillae

more common along the (tip/back) of tongue

appear as red dots due to rich ___ supply & ___

(apex/base) large & rounded, (apex/base) narrower

(have/lack) taste buds (along surface from CN ___)

Answer 15

filiform papillae

tip

blood supply
transparency

apex
base

have
CN VII

Question 16

the tongue:
lingual papillae:
foliate papillae:

(medial/lateral) upfoldings of the tongue

(well/poorly) developed in humans

(have/lack) taste buds (along lateral surface from CN ___)

Answer 16

lateral

poorly

have
CN VII

Question 17

the tongue:
lingual papillae:
circumvallate papillae:

about a dozen or so arranged in a row just in front of the ___

much (smaller/larger) than fungiform or foliate types

(have/lack) taste buds (numerous along the sides from CN ___)

Answer 17

sulcus terminalis

larger

have
CN IX

Question 18

the tongue:
posterior one-third of the tongue:

___ tonsils on surface

___: reflections of mucosa onto the epiglottis

___: depressions b/n the glossoepiglottic folds, contain some taste buds (CN ___)

Answer 18

lingual

median & lateral glossoepiglottic folds

valleculae
CN X

Question 19

the tongue:
nerve innervation of the tongue (CN ___):

general sensation (e.g., touch, tepmerature, pain) for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue: ___

taste for the anterior two-thirds: ___

general sensation & taste for the posterior one-third of the tongue: ___

general sensation & taste in the valleculae of the tongue: ___

motor to all muscles of the tongue: ___ (except the palatoglossus: ___)

Answer 19

lingual nerve (CN V3)

chorda tympani (CN VII)

lingual branch (CN IX)

internal laryngeal nerve (CN X)

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
(CN X)

Question 20

the tongue:
blood supply:

___ artery & branches (3)

Answer 20

lingual artery

• dorsal lingual
• sublingual branch
• deep lingual

Question 21

the tongue:
blood supply:
lingual artery:

originates from the ___ artery just behind the ___ of the ___ bone

passes (superficial/deep) to the hyoglossus muscle

Answer 21

external carotid artery
greater horn of the hyoid bone

deep

Question 22

the tongue:
blood supply:
lingual artery:
dorsal lingual:

passes (upward/downward) to supply the ___ of the tongue

Answer 22

upwrd

dorsum

Question 23

the tongue:
blood supply:
lingual artery:
sublingual branch:

passes forward b/n the ___ & ___ muscles to supply these, the ___ muscle, & the ___ gland

Answer 23

mylohyoid & genioglossus muscles

geniohyoid muscle

sublingual gland

Question 24

the tongue:
blood supply:
lingual artery:
deep lingual:

runs forward supplying the (upper/lower) surface of the tongue

accompanied by the ___ vein

Answer 24

lower

deep lingual vein

Question 25

the tongue: blood supply: venous drainage: the deep lingual vein starts out w/ the ___ artery, but becomes separated by the ___ muscle the deep lingual & sublingual veins form the ___ the dorsal lingual vein joins the above to form the ___ vein which opens into the ___ vein

Answer 25

deep lingual artery hyoglossus muscle vena comitans nervi hypoglossi lingual vein internal jugular vein

Question 26

muscles of the tongue (6)

Answer 26

``` intrinsic extrinsic genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus palatoglossus ```

Question 27

muscles of the tongue: intrinsic muscles: located entirely within the ___ & have no ___ attachments arranged as (longitudinal/circular), transverse, & (horizontal/vertical) sheets responsible for major ___ changes in speech & swallowing

Answer 27

tongue bony longitudinal vertical shape

Question 28

muscles of the tongue: extrinsic muscles: arise from ___ attachments (inside/outside) the tongue

Answer 28

bony | outside

Question 29

muscles of the tongue: genioglossus muscle: nerve: ___ action: - pulls tongue (forward/backward) & (protrudes/retracts) it - assists in creating a central furrow during ___ - anterior fibers (protrude/retract) the (protruded/retracted) tip of the tongue

Answer 29

hypoglossal nerve forward protrudes swallowing retract protruded

Question 30

muscles of the tongue: hyoglossus muscle: nerve: ___ action: (elevates/depresses) the tongue

Answer 30

hypoglossal nerve depresses

Question 31

muscles of the tongue: styloglossus muscle: nerve: ___ action: - pulls tongue (upward/downward) & (forward/backward) - assists in creating a central furrow during ___

Answer 31

hypoglossal nerve upward backward swallowing

Question 32

muscles of the tongue: palatoglossus muscle: nerve: ___ via ___ plexus action: - (elevates/depresses) the palate - moves the ___ arch toward the midline - (elevates/depresses) the back of the tongue

Answer 32

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus elevates palatoglossal elevates

Question 33

related muscles of the tongue (4)

Answer 33

digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid stylohyoid

Question 34

related muscles of the tongue: digastric: nerve: - anterior belly: ___ - posterior belly: ___ action: - (elevates/depresses) hyoid - (elevates/depresses) mandible

Answer 34

V3 VII elevates depresses

Question 35

related muscles of the tongue: mylohyoid: forms sling across the (roof/floor) of the mouth nerve: ___ action: - (raises/lowers) the hyoid & the tongue (swallowing) - (elevates/depresses) the mandible

Answer 35

floor V3 raises depresses

Question 36

related muscles of the tongue: geniohyoid: (superficial/deep) to the mylohyoid nerve: ___ via ___ action: - (rasies/lowers) the hyoid - (elevates/depresses) the mandible

Answer 36

deep C1 via the hypoglossal nerve raises depresses

Question 37

related muscles of the tongue: stylohyoid: closely applied to the ___ nerve: ___ action: (raises/lowers) the hyoid & pulls it (anteriorly/posteriorly)

Answer 37

posterior belly of the digastric VII rasies posteriorly

Question 38

the submandibular gland: large u-shaped gland, wraps around the (anterior/posterior) free border of the ___ muscle has ___ & ___ parts, which are continuous over the above border

Answer 38

posteroir mylohyoid muscle superficial deep

Question 39

the submandibular gland: superficial part: wedged b/n the ___ of the ___ & the ___ muscle laterally, it is related to the ___ fossa

Answer 39

body of hte mandible mylohyoid muscle submandibular fossa

Question 40

the submandibular gland: deep part: lies in the space b/n the ___ muscle (lateral) & the ___ & ___ muscles (medial)

Answer 40

mylohyoid muscle styloglossus & hyoglossus muscles

Question 41

the submandibular gland: submandibular duct: emerges from the (superficial/deep) part of the gland crossed laterally by the ___ nerve, then runs anteirorly b/n the ___ gland & the ___ msucles enters the floor of the mouth at the ___ beside the base of the ___

Answer 41

deep lingual nerve sublingual gland genioglossus muscles ``` sublingual caruncle (papilla) lingual frenulum ```

Question 42

the sublingual glands: the most (superficial/deep) structure in the (roof/floor) of the mouth almond shaped gland which forms the ___ folds

Answer 42

superficial floor sublingual folds

Question 43

the sublingual glands: relations: superior: ___ membrane inferior: ___ muscle lateral: ___ fossa of the ___ medial: ___ duct, ___ nerve, ___ muscle

Answer 43

mucous membrane mylohyoid muscle sublingual fossa of the mandible submandibular duct lingual nerve genioglossus

Question 44

the lingual nerve: arises from the ___ nerve in the ___ fossa & is joined by the ___ from the ___ nerve

Answer 44

mandibular nerve (V3) infratemporal fossa chorda tympani facial nerve (VII)

Question 45

the lingual nerve: during its course, the lingual nerve is closely related to the ___ tooth & can be damaged during ___ of the tooth passes forward across the ___& ___ muscles

Answer 45

third molar tooth extraction styloglossus & hyoglossus muscles

Question 46

the lingual nerve: the ___ ganglion is suspended from the lingual nerve as it lies on the ___ muscle, above the deep part of the ___ gland crosses the lateral surface of the ___ duct, then winds below it, & upward on its (medial/lateral) side

Answer 46

submandibular ganglion hyoglossus muscle submandibular gland submandibular duct medial side

Question 47

important relations of the hyoglossus muscle: deep to the muscle: ___ artery ___ nerve

Answer 47

lingual artery | glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 48

important relations of the hyoglossus muscle: superficial to the muscle (anterior portion): superior level (lateral to medial or superficial to deep): ___ gland ___ duct ___ nerve inferior level: ___ nerve ___

Answer 48

sublingual gland submandibular duct lingual nerve hypoglossla nerve vena comitantes nervi hypoglossi