The Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards
trigeminal nerve:
the nerve of the ___
emerges from the side of the ___ & leaves the brainstem in two separate bundles (2)
first branchial arch
pons
large sensory root
small motor root
trigeminal nerve:
after leaving the brainstem, the two roots enter the ___ (___) in the ___ mater
the nerve spread out forming the ___ (___, ___) ganglion, which contains the (sensory/motor) neuron cell bodies (___ neurons)
trigeminal cave (Meckel's cave) dura
trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian)
sensory
pseudounipolar
trigeminal nerve:
peripheral processes of the cells in the trigeminal ganglion give rise to three divisions of the trigeminal nerve:
- ___ (purely sensory)
- ___ (purely sensory)
- ___ (sensory & motor)
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
trigeminal nerve:
has no (sympathetic/parasympathetic) component of its own, but branches of V are used as carriers for (sympathetic/parasympathetic) fibers from three cranial nerves (3)
parasympathetic
parasympathetic
III, VII, & IX
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
continues anteriorly in the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & enters the orbit through the ___ fissure
before entering the orbit, it divides into three branches (3)
cavernous
superoir orbital
frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
frontal branch:
most (superior/inferior) structure in the orbit
divides into two branches:
- ___ branch: smaller, more medial branch, runs superior to the trochlea (pulley) of the superior oblique eye muscle
- ___ branch: larger, lateral branch, passes through the supraorbital notch or foramen
both nerves supply the ___ as far as the vertex of the skull & both also send branches to the ___
superior
- supratrochlear
- supraorbital
scalp
upper eyelid
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:
passes along the upper edge of the ___ muscle
passes through the ___ gland giving it (sensory/motor) twigs & ends in palpebral branches to the ___
lateral rectus eye muscle
lacrimal
sensory
upper eyelid
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:
while traveling through the orbit, it receives (preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/postsympathetic) fibers from the ___ ganglion through the ___ branch of the ___ nerve
postganglionic parasympathetic pterygopalatine zygomatic maxillary (V2)
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
proceeds anteromedially b/n the ___ muscle & the ___ nerve following the course of the ___ artery
gives off four branches (4)
superior rectus
optic
ophthalmic
long ciliary
posterior ethmoidal
anterior ethmoidal
infratrochlear
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
long ciliary branch:
major (sensory/motor) nerve to the ___ & notably the ___
sensory
eyeball
cornea
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
posterior ethmoidal branch:
enters the posterior ethmoidal ___
(sensory/motor) fibers to the ___ sinuses & the posterior ethmoidal ___ cells
foramen
sensory
sphenoidal air
air
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):
enters the anterior ethmoidal ___
sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the middle & anterior ethmoidal ___ cells
next enters the ___ at the side of the ___ of the ethmoid & sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the ___
foramen
air
cranial cavity
cribriform plate
sensory
meninges
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):
after entering the cranial cavity, it enters the ___ through the ___
within nose gives off (sensory/motor) fibers to the anterior part of the ___ & anterior parts of the (medial/lateral) walls
leaves the nasal cavity as the ___ branch, which supplies the skin of the lower half of the ___
nasal cavity
nasal slit
sensory
nasal septum
lateral
external nasal
nose
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
infratrochlear branch:
passes forward beneath the ___
(sensory/motor) to the side of the ___ & the medial corner of the ___
trochlea
sensory
nose
upper eyelid
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
immediately after the nasociliary nerve enters the orbit, it is connected to the ___ ganglion by a small twig called the ___ root of the ___ ganglion
ciliary
sensory root of the ciliary ganglion
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
the ciliary ganglion is said to have three roots:
- the ___ root which connects it to the nasociliray nerve
- the ___ root which conveys postganglionic sympathetic fibers through it
- the ___ (___) root which contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which synapse in the ganglion
sensory
sympathetic
motor (parasympathetic)
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
___ (sensory/motor) fibers
enters the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & passes through the ___ to enter the ___ fossa
within the fossa, it is connected to the ___ ganglion & nerve of the ___ for exchange of fibers
general sensory fibers
cavernous
foramen rotundum
pterygopalatine
pterygopalatine
pterygoid canal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
pterygopalatine ganglion:
(preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/parasympathetic) neurons
postganglionic
parasympathetic
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
nerve of the pterygoid canal:
greater petrosal nerve - ___ & (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ nerve
deep petrosal nerve - (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ plexus
taste
preganglionic parasympathetic
facial
postganglionic sympathetic
internal carotid
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
after exchanging fibers, it proceeds through the ___ fissure to the floor of the orbit becoming the ___ nerve
it passes along the ___ groove, canal, & foramen & finally emerges on the ___
inferior orbital
infraorbital
infraorbital
face
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition (3)
greater & lesser palatine nerves
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves
pharyngeal branch
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:
descend through the ___ & emerge through the ___ foramina to reach the hard & soft ___
palatine canals
greater & lesser palatine
palates of the mouth
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion
taste fibers from the ___ branch of the ___ nerve for taste buds in the roof of the mouth
cells of origin of the taste fibers are in the ___ ganglion of the ___ nerve
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine
greater petrosal
facial
geniculate
facial
deep petrosal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:
upper posterior nasal & nasopalatine nerves - pass into the nasal cavity via the ___ foramen
lower posterior nasal nerves - originate from the ___ nerve as it descends in the ___; they pass through small bony foramina to enter the ___
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
greater palatine canal
nasal cavity
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:
posterior nasal branches supply the posterior part of the ___ & posterior walls of the ___
the nasopalatine nerve proceeds antero-inferiorly through the ___ (supplying it) & enters the mouth through the ___ foramen behind the ___ teeth to supply a small anterior portion of the ___ palate
nasal septum
nasal cavity
nasal septum
incisive
upper incisor
hard
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine
deep petrosal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
pharyngeal branch:
passes posteriorly from the ___ ganglion & leaves the ___ fossa through the ___
supplies the ___ & glands of the ___
pterygopalatine
pterygopalatine
palatovaginal (pharyngeal) canal
mucosa
nasopharynx
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
pharyngeal branch:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine
deep petrosal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
orbital branches:
small branches passing through the ___ fissure & contribute to the supply of the ___
they then contribute to the supply of the ___, ___, & ___ air sinuses
inferior orbital
orbital wall
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
frontal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the orbital branches:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine
deep petrosal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
zygomatic branch:
arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ fossa
it passes into the orbit & splits into ___ & ___ branches which are sensory to the ___ & ___ regions of the face
also receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion, which it hands over to the ___ nerve of ___
maxillary
pterygopalatine
zygomaticofacial & zygomaticotemporal
zygomatic & temporal
pterygopalatine
lacrimal nerve of V1
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
superior alveolar nerves (3)
these nerves intermingle, forming a ___ before innervating the upper teeth
posterior
middle
anterior
dental plexus
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
posterior superior alveolar nerve:
arises from the main trunk of the ___ nerve while in the ___ fossa
supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth
maxillary
pterygopalatine
maxillary
molar
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
middle superior alveolar nerve:
arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ groove or canal
supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth
infraorbital
infraorbital
maxillary
premolar
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
anterior superior alveolar nerve:
arises from the ___ nerve in the anterior part of the ___ canal
supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & the upper three ___ teeth
infraorbital
infraorbital
maxillary
anterior
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the superior alveolar nerves:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine
deep petrosal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
infraorbital nerve:
(smallest/largest) & ___ branch of the maxillary division
supplies:
- lower ___
- side of the ___
- upper ___
- front of the ___
- ___ vestibule
largest
terminal
- eyelid
- nose
- lip
- cheek
- nasal
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the infraorbital nerve:
general sensory fibers from ___
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve
maxillary nerve (V2)
deep petrosal
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
receives the whole (sensory/motor) root of the ___ nerve, but is still overwhelmingly (sensory/motor) int he total fiber content
leaves the skull through the ___ & enters the ___ fossa where it is connected to a (symp/parasymp) ganglion, the ___ ganglion
motor
trigeminal
sensory
foramen ovale
infratemporal
parasympathetic
otic
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
the motor branches supply the:
- muscles of ___
- ___ & ___ belly of the ___ muscle
- tensor of the ___
- tensor ___
- muscles of mastication
- mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric muscle
- tensor of the palate
- tensor tympani
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
the motor branches to the mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric are carried by the ___ branch & leave it just before it enters the ___ foramen
inferior alveolar
inferior alveolar
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches of the main trunk (2)
meningeal branch (nervus spinosus)
medial pterygoid nerve
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: meningeal branch (nervus spinosus):
enters the skull through the ___ w/ the ___ artery
supplies the dura of the ___ fossa & the ___ cells
foramen spinosum
middle meningeal
middle cranial
mastoid air
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
medial pterygoid nerve:
enters the deep surface of the ___ muscle & supplies it
gives off two branches:
- nerve to the tensor ___
- nerve to the tensor ___
medial pterygoid
- tympani
- of the palate
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division (4)
primarily (sensory/motor) supply w/ some (sensory/motor) fibers
masseteric nerve
deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior)
lateral pterygoid nerve
long buccal nerve
motor
sensory
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
masseteric nerve:
passes through the ___ to supply the ___ muscle
gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint
mandibular notch
masseter
sensory
temporomandibular
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior):
supply the ___ muscle
gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint
temporalis
sensory
temporomandibular
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
lateral pterygoid nerve:
supplies the ___ muscle
lateral pterygoid
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
long buccal nerve:
passes laterally b/n the two heads of the ___ muscle
descends over the ___ muscle
supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ & ___ (molar area) & the skin of the overlying ___
lateral pterygoid
buccinator
cheek & gums
cheek
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division (3)
mainly (sensory/motor) except for the ___ nerve
auriculotemporal nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
lingual nerve
sensory
mylohyoid
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:
runs posteriorly & splits around the ___ artery, reforms & runs through the ___ gland to be distributed to the external ___ & ___ over the ___region
while in the substance of the ___ gland it delivers (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers it received from the ___ ganglion
middle meningeal
parotid
ear & scalp
temporal
parotid
postganglionic
parasympathetic
otic
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:
parasympathetic pathway:
\_\_\_ nerve \_\_\_ branch \_\_\_ nerve (\_\_\_) \_\_\_ ganglion \_\_\_ nerve \_\_\_ gland
glossopharyngeal nerve tympanic branch lesser petrosal nerve (foramen ovale) otic ganglion auriculotemporal nerve parotid gland
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:
branches:
\_\_\_ joint (main supply) \_\_\_ gland (parasympathetic from CN \_\_\_) \_\_\_ meatus \_\_\_ membrane anterior portion of the \_\_\_ skin covering the \_\_\_
temporomandibular joint (main supply) parotid gland (parasympathetic from CN IX) external auditory meatus tympanic membrane anterior portion of the external ear skin covering the temporal fossa
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
contains ___ sensory & motor fibers
enters the ___ foramen (after giving off the nerve to the ___)
the main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve supplies the ___ & ___ teeth
general
mandibular
mylohyoid
molar & premolar
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
the nerve divides into two terminal branches within the ___ canal (2)
the ___ branch supplies the ___ muscle & the anterior belly of the digastric
mandibular
mental nerve
incisive nerve
mylohyoid
mylohyoid
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
mental nerve:
passes out the ___ foramen
supplies:
- skin of the ___ & ___
- mucous membrane of the ___
- gingiva associated w/ the buccal side of the ___, ___, & ___ teeth
mental
- lower lip & chin
- lower lip
- mandibular incisor, canine, & premolar
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
incisive nerve:
supplies the ___ & ___ teeth
lower canine
incisor
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
contains ___ (sensory/motor) fibers for the anterior two-thirds of the ___, the ___, & the floor of the ___
joined by the ___ of the ___ nerve, which contains:
- (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers
- ___ fibers for the ___ of the anterior two-thirds of the ___ (___ papillae)
general sensory
tongue
lingual gingiva
mouth
chorda tympani
facial
- preganglionic parasympathetic
- taste, taste buds, tongue (fungiform)
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
course of the chorda tympani:
leaves the ___ nerve while it runs in the ___ canal
next, it runs along the lateral wall of the ___ cavity & emerges through the ___ fissure to join the ___ nerve
facial nerve
facial canal
tympanic cavity
petrotympanic fissure
lingual nerve
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
course of the lingual nerve:
during its course, it’s closely related to the ___ tooth & can be damaged during ___ of the tooth
while crossing the floor of the mouth, it is closely related to the ___
third molar
extraction
submandibular duct
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
parasympathetic fibers:
the presympathetic (symp/parasymp) fibers of the chorda tympani depart from the ___ nerve in the region of the ___ ganglion
they synapse w/ postganglionic (symp/parasymp) neurons in the ___ganglion, which is connected to the ___ nerve
postganglionic (symp/parasymp) fibers either proceed to the ___ gland or join the ___ nerve via communicating branches to end in the ___ & ___ glands
parasympathetic fibers
lingual nerve
submandibular ganglion
parasympathetic
submandibular ganglion
lingual nerve
parasympathetic
submandibular gland
lingual nerve
sublingual & lingual salivary glands
lesion of the trigeminal nerve:
loss of ___ sensation & deviation of the ___ toward the side of the lesion due to weakness of the muscles of ___
trigeminal ___ (tic douloureau) is a common occurrence
this may involve the entire nerve or divisions only
this most commonly effects the ___ division
pain may be referred from one branch of the trigeminal to another
for example, pain from an infectd tooth may be referred to the ___ & ___ joint
facial
jaw
mastication
neuroalgia
maxillary
ear & temporomandibular joint
