The Trigeminal Nerve

Question 1

trigeminal nerve:

the nerve of the ___

emerges from the side of the ___ & leaves the brainstem in two separate bundles (2)

Answer 1

first branchial arch

pons
large sensory root
small motor root

Question 2

trigeminal nerve:

after leaving the brainstem, the two roots enter the ___ (___) in the ___ mater

the nerve spread out forming the ___ (___, ___) ganglion, which contains the (sensory/motor) neuron cell bodies (___ neurons)

Answer 2

trigeminal cave (Meckel's cave)
dura

trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian)
sensory
pseudounipolar

Question 3

trigeminal nerve:

peripheral processes of the cells in the trigeminal ganglion give rise to three divisions of the trigeminal nerve:

• ___ (purely sensory)
• ___ (purely sensory)
• ___ (sensory & motor)

Answer 3

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Question 4

trigeminal nerve:

has no (sympathetic/parasympathetic) component of its own, but branches of V are used as carriers for (sympathetic/parasympathetic) fibers from three cranial nerves (3)

Answer 4

parasympathetic
parasympathetic
III, VII, & IX

Question 5

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:

continues anteriorly in the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & enters the orbit through the ___ fissure

before entering the orbit, it divides into three branches (3)

Answer 5

cavernous
superoir orbital

frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary

Question 6

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
frontal branch:

most (superior/inferior) structure in the orbit

divides into two branches:

• ___ branch: smaller, more medial branch, runs superior to the trochlea (pulley) of the superior oblique eye muscle
• ___ branch: larger, lateral branch, passes through the supraorbital notch or foramen

both nerves supply the ___ as far as the vertex of the skull & both also send branches to the ___

Answer 6

superior

• supratrochlear
• supraorbital

scalp
upper eyelid

Question 7

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:

passes along the upper edge of the ___ muscle

passes through the ___ gland giving it (sensory/motor) twigs & ends in palpebral branches to the ___

Answer 7

lateral rectus eye muscle

lacrimal
sensory
upper eyelid

Question 8

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:

while traveling through the orbit, it receives (preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/postsympathetic) fibers from the ___ ganglion through the ___ branch of the ___ nerve

Answer 8

postganglionic
parasympathetic
pterygopalatine
zygomatic
maxillary (V2)

Question 9

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

proceeds anteromedially b/n the ___ muscle & the ___ nerve following the course of the ___ artery

gives off four branches (4)

Answer 9

superior rectus
optic
ophthalmic

long ciliary
posterior ethmoidal
anterior ethmoidal
infratrochlear

Question 10

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
long ciliary branch:

major (sensory/motor) nerve to the ___ & notably the ___

Answer 10

sensory
eyeball
cornea

Question 11

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
posterior ethmoidal branch:

enters the posterior ethmoidal ___

(sensory/motor) fibers to the ___ sinuses & the posterior ethmoidal ___ cells

Answer 11

foramen

sensory
sphenoidal air
air

Question 12

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):

enters the anterior ethmoidal ___

sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the middle & anterior ethmoidal ___ cells

next enters the ___ at the side of the ___ of the ethmoid & sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the ___

Answer 12

foramen

air

cranial cavity
cribriform plate
sensory
meninges

Question 13

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):

after entering the cranial cavity, it enters the ___ through the ___

within nose gives off (sensory/motor) fibers to the anterior part of the ___ & anterior parts of the (medial/lateral) walls

leaves the nasal cavity as the ___ branch, which supplies the skin of the lower half of the ___

Answer 13

nasal cavity
nasal slit

sensory
nasal septum
lateral

external nasal
nose

Question 14

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
infratrochlear branch:

passes forward beneath the ___

(sensory/motor) to the side of the ___ & the medial corner of the ___

Answer 14

trochlea

sensory
nose
upper eyelid

Question 15

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

immediately after the nasociliary nerve enters the orbit, it is connected to the ___ ganglion by a small twig called the ___ root of the ___ ganglion

Answer 15

ciliary

sensory root of the ciliary ganglion

Question 16

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

the ciliary ganglion is said to have three roots:

• the ___ root which connects it to the nasociliray nerve
• the ___ root which conveys postganglionic sympathetic fibers through it
• the ___ (___) root which contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which synapse in the ganglion

Answer 16

sensory

sympathetic

motor (parasympathetic)

Question 17

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

___ (sensory/motor) fibers

enters the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & passes through the ___ to enter the ___ fossa

within the fossa, it is connected to the ___ ganglion & nerve of the ___ for exchange of fibers

Answer 17

general sensory fibers

cavernous
foramen rotundum
pterygopalatine

pterygopalatine
pterygoid canal

Question 18

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
pterygopalatine ganglion:

(preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/parasympathetic) neurons

Answer 18

postganglionic

parasympathetic

Question 19

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
nerve of the pterygoid canal:

greater petrosal nerve - ___ & (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ nerve

deep petrosal nerve - (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ plexus

Answer 19

taste
preganglionic parasympathetic
facial

postganglionic sympathetic
internal carotid

Question 20

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

after exchanging fibers, it proceeds through the ___ fissure to the floor of the orbit becoming the ___ nerve

it passes along the ___ groove, canal, & foramen & finally emerges on the ___

Answer 20

inferior orbital
infraorbital

infraorbital
face

Question 21

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition (3)

Answer 21

greater & lesser palatine nerves

posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves

pharyngeal branch

Question 22

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:

descend through the ___ & emerge through the ___ foramina to reach the hard & soft ___

Answer 22

palatine canals
greater & lesser palatine
palates of the mouth

Question 23

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

taste fibers from the ___ branch of the ___ nerve for taste buds in the roof of the mouth

cells of origin of the taste fibers are in the ___ ganglion of the ___ nerve

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 23

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

greater petrosal
facial

geniculate
facial

deep petrosal

Question 24

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:

upper posterior nasal & nasopalatine nerves - pass into the nasal cavity via the ___ foramen

lower posterior nasal nerves - originate from the ___ nerve as it descends in the ___; they pass through small bony foramina to enter the ___

Answer 24

sphenopalatine

greater palatine
greater palatine canal
nasal cavity

Question 25

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition: posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves: posterior nasal branches supply the posterior part of the ___ & posterior walls of the ___ the nasopalatine nerve proceeds antero-inferiorly through the ___ (supplying it) & enters the mouth through the ___ foramen behind the ___ teeth to supply a small anterior portion of the ___ palate

Answer 25

nasal septum nasal cavity nasal septum incisive upper incisor hard

Question 26

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition: posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves: general sensory fibers from ___ postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 26

maxillary nerve (V2) pterygopalatine deep petrosal

Question 27

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition: pharyngeal branch: passes posteriorly from the ___ ganglion & leaves the ___ fossa through the ___ supplies the ___ & glands of the ___

Answer 27

pterygopalatine pterygopalatine palatovaginal (pharyngeal) canal mucosa nasopharynx

Question 28

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition: pharyngeal branch: general sensory fibers from ___ postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 28

maxillary nerve (V2) pterygopalatine deep petrosal

Question 29

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: orbital branches: small branches passing through the ___ fissure & contribute to the supply of the ___ they then contribute to the supply of the ___, ___, & ___ air sinuses

Answer 29

inferior orbital orbital wall ethmoidal sphenoidal frontal

Question 30

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: fiber types of the orbital branches: general sensory fibers from ___ postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 30

maxillary nerve (V2) pterygopalatine deep petrosal

Question 31

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: zygomatic branch: arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ fossa it passes into the orbit & splits into ___ & ___ branches which are sensory to the ___ & ___ regions of the face also receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion, which it hands over to the ___ nerve of ___

Answer 31

maxillary pterygopalatine zygomaticofacial & zygomaticotemporal zygomatic & temporal pterygopalatine lacrimal nerve of V1

Question 32

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: superior alveolar nerves (3) these nerves intermingle, forming a ___ before innervating the upper teeth

Answer 32

posterior middle anterior dental plexus

Question 33

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: posterior superior alveolar nerve: arises from the main trunk of the ___ nerve while in the ___ fossa supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth

Answer 33

maxillary pterygopalatine maxillary molar

Question 34

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: middle superior alveolar nerve: arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ groove or canal supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth

Answer 34

infraorbital infraorbital maxillary premolar

Question 35

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: anterior superior alveolar nerve: arises from the ___ nerve in the anterior part of the ___ canal supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & the upper three ___ teeth

Answer 35

infraorbital infraorbital maxillary anterior

Question 36

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: fiber types of the superior alveolar nerves: general sensory fibers from ___ postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 36

maxillary nerve (V2) pterygopalatine deep petrosal

Question 37

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: infraorbital nerve: (smallest/largest) & ___ branch of the maxillary division supplies: - lower ___ - side of the ___ - upper ___ - front of the ___ - ___ vestibule

Answer 37

largest terminal - eyelid - nose - lip - cheek - nasal

Question 38

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve: branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve: fiber types of the infraorbital nerve: general sensory fibers from ___ postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

Answer 38

maxillary nerve (V2) deep petrosal

Question 39

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: receives the whole (sensory/motor) root of the ___ nerve, but is still overwhelmingly (sensory/motor) int he total fiber content leaves the skull through the ___ & enters the ___ fossa where it is connected to a (symp/parasymp) ganglion, the ___ ganglion

Answer 39

motor trigeminal sensory foramen ovale infratemporal parasympathetic otic

Question 40

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: the motor branches supply the: - muscles of ___ - ___ & ___ belly of the ___ muscle - tensor of the ___ - tensor ___

Answer 40

- muscles of mastication - mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric muscle - tensor of the palate - tensor tympani

Question 41

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: the motor branches to the mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric are carried by the ___ branch & leave it just before it enters the ___ foramen

Answer 41

inferior alveolar | inferior alveolar

Question 42

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: | branches of the main trunk (2)

Answer 42

meningeal branch (nervus spinosus) medial pterygoid nerve

Question 43

``` mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: meningeal branch (nervus spinosus): ``` enters the skull through the ___ w/ the ___ artery supplies the dura of the ___ fossa & the ___ cells

Answer 43

foramen spinosum middle meningeal middle cranial mastoid air

Question 44

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: medial pterygoid nerve: enters the deep surface of the ___ muscle & supplies it gives off two branches: - nerve to the tensor ___ - nerve to the tensor ___

Answer 44

medial pterygoid - tympani - of the palate

Question 45

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the anterior division (4) primarily (sensory/motor) supply w/ some (sensory/motor) fibers

Answer 45

masseteric nerve deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior) lateral pterygoid nerve long buccal nerve motor sensory

Question 46

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the anterior division: masseteric nerve: passes through the ___ to supply the ___ muscle gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint

Answer 46

mandibular notch masseter sensory temporomandibular

Question 47

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the anterior division: deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior): supply the ___ muscle gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint

Answer 47

temporalis sensory temporomandibular

Question 48

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the anterior division: lateral pterygoid nerve: supplies the ___ muscle

Answer 48

lateral pterygoid

Question 49

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the anterior division: long buccal nerve: passes laterally b/n the two heads of the ___ muscle descends over the ___ muscle supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ & ___ (molar area) & the skin of the overlying ___

Answer 49

lateral pterygoid buccinator cheek & gums cheek

Question 50

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division (3) mainly (sensory/motor) except for the ___ nerve

Answer 50

auriculotemporal nerve inferior alveolar nerve lingual nerve sensory mylohyoid

Question 51

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: auriculotemporal nerve: runs posteriorly & splits around the ___ artery, reforms & runs through the ___ gland to be distributed to the external ___ & ___ over the ___region while in the substance of the ___ gland it delivers (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers it received from the ___ ganglion

Answer 51

middle meningeal parotid ear & scalp temporal parotid postganglionic parasympathetic otic

Question 52

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: auriculotemporal nerve: parasympathetic pathway: ``` ___ nerve ___ branch ___ nerve (___) ___ ganglion ___ nerve ___ gland ```

Answer 52

``` glossopharyngeal nerve tympanic branch lesser petrosal nerve (foramen ovale) otic ganglion auriculotemporal nerve parotid gland ```

Question 53

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: auriculotemporal nerve: branches: ``` ___ joint (main supply) ___ gland (parasympathetic from CN ___) ___ meatus ___ membrane anterior portion of the ___ skin covering the ___ ```

Answer 53

``` temporomandibular joint (main supply) parotid gland (parasympathetic from CN IX) external auditory meatus tympanic membrane anterior portion of the external ear skin covering the temporal fossa ```

Question 54

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: inferior alveolar nerve: contains ___ sensory & motor fibers enters the ___ foramen (after giving off the nerve to the ___) the main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve supplies the ___ & ___ teeth

Answer 54

general mandibular mylohyoid molar & premolar

Question 55

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: inferior alveolar nerve: the nerve divides into two terminal branches within the ___ canal (2) the ___ branch supplies the ___ muscle & the anterior belly of the digastric

Answer 55

mandibular mental nerve incisive nerve mylohyoid mylohyoid

Question 56

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: inferior alveolar nerve: mental nerve: passes out the ___ foramen supplies: - skin of the ___ & ___ - mucous membrane of the ___ - gingiva associated w/ the buccal side of the ___, ___, & ___ teeth

Answer 56

mental - lower lip & chin - lower lip - mandibular incisor, canine, & premolar

Question 57

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: inferior alveolar nerve: incisive nerve: supplies the ___ & ___ teeth

Answer 57

lower canine | incisor

Question 58

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: lingual nerve: contains ___ (sensory/motor) fibers for the anterior two-thirds of the ___, the ___, & the floor of the ___ joined by the ___ of the ___ nerve, which contains: - (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers - ___ fibers for the ___ of the anterior two-thirds of the ___ (___ papillae)

Answer 58

general sensory tongue lingual gingiva mouth chorda tympani facial - preganglionic parasympathetic - taste, taste buds, tongue (fungiform)

Question 59

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: lingual nerve: course of the chorda tympani: leaves the ___ nerve while it runs in the ___ canal next, it runs along the lateral wall of the ___ cavity & emerges through the ___ fissure to join the ___ nerve

Answer 59

facial nerve facial canal tympanic cavity petrotympanic fissure lingual nerve

Question 60

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: lingual nerve: course of the lingual nerve: during its course, it's closely related to the ___ tooth & can be damaged during ___ of the tooth while crossing the floor of the mouth, it is closely related to the ___

Answer 60

third molar extraction submandibular duct

Question 61

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve: branches from the posterior division: lingual nerve: parasympathetic fibers: the presympathetic (symp/parasymp) fibers of the chorda tympani depart from the ___ nerve in the region of the ___ ganglion they synapse w/ postganglionic (symp/parasymp) neurons in the ___ganglion, which is connected to the ___ nerve postganglionic (symp/parasymp) fibers either proceed to the ___ gland or join the ___ nerve via communicating branches to end in the ___ & ___ glands

Answer 61

parasympathetic fibers lingual nerve submandibular ganglion parasympathetic submandibular ganglion lingual nerve parasympathetic submandibular gland lingual nerve sublingual & lingual salivary glands

Question 62

lesion of the trigeminal nerve: loss of ___ sensation & deviation of the ___ toward the side of the lesion due to weakness of the muscles of ___ trigeminal ___ (tic douloureau) is a common occurrence this may involve the entire nerve or divisions only this most commonly effects the ___ division pain may be referred from one branch of the trigeminal to another for example, pain from an infectd tooth may be referred to the ___ & ___ joint

Answer 62

facial jaw mastication neuroalgia maxillary ear & temporomandibular joint