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Anatomy > The Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

The Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

trigeminal nerve:

the nerve of the ___

emerges from the side of the ___ & leaves the brainstem in two separate bundles (2)

A

first branchial arch

pons
large sensory root
small motor root

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2
Q

trigeminal nerve:

after leaving the brainstem, the two roots enter the ___ (___) in the ___ mater

the nerve spread out forming the ___ (___, ___) ganglion, which contains the (sensory/motor) neuron cell bodies (___ neurons)

A 
trigeminal cave (Meckel's cave)
dura

trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian)
sensory
pseudounipolar

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3
Q

trigeminal nerve:

peripheral processes of the cells in the trigeminal ganglion give rise to three divisions of the trigeminal nerve:

  • ___ (purely sensory)
  • ___ (purely sensory)
  • ___ (sensory & motor)
A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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4
Q

trigeminal nerve:

has no (sympathetic/parasympathetic) component of its own, but branches of V are used as carriers for (sympathetic/parasympathetic) fibers from three cranial nerves (3)

A

parasympathetic
parasympathetic
III, VII, & IX

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5
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:

continues anteriorly in the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & enters the orbit through the ___ fissure

before entering the orbit, it divides into three branches (3)

A

cavernous
superoir orbital

frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary

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6
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
frontal branch:

most (superior/inferior) structure in the orbit

divides into two branches:

  • ___ branch: smaller, more medial branch, runs superior to the trochlea (pulley) of the superior oblique eye muscle
  • ___ branch: larger, lateral branch, passes through the supraorbital notch or foramen

both nerves supply the ___ as far as the vertex of the skull & both also send branches to the ___

A

superior

  • supratrochlear
  • supraorbital

scalp
upper eyelid

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7
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:

passes along the upper edge of the ___ muscle

passes through the ___ gland giving it (sensory/motor) twigs & ends in palpebral branches to the ___

A

lateral rectus eye muscle

lacrimal
sensory
upper eyelid

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8
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
lacrimal branch:

while traveling through the orbit, it receives (preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/postsympathetic) fibers from the ___ ganglion through the ___ branch of the ___ nerve

A 
postganglionic
parasympathetic
pterygopalatine
zygomatic
maxillary (V2)
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9
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

proceeds anteromedially b/n the ___ muscle & the ___ nerve following the course of the ___ artery

gives off four branches (4)

A

superior rectus
optic
ophthalmic

long ciliary
posterior ethmoidal
anterior ethmoidal
infratrochlear

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10
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
long ciliary branch:

major (sensory/motor) nerve to the ___ & notably the ___

A

sensory
eyeball
cornea

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11
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
posterior ethmoidal branch:

enters the posterior ethmoidal ___

(sensory/motor) fibers to the ___ sinuses & the posterior ethmoidal ___ cells

A

foramen

sensory
sphenoidal air
air

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12
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):

enters the anterior ethmoidal ___

sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the middle & anterior ethmoidal ___ cells

next enters the ___ at the side of the ___ of the ethmoid & sends (sensory/motor) fibers to the ___

A

foramen

air

cranial cavity
cribriform plate
sensory
meninges

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13
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
anterior ethmoidal branch (larger):

after entering the cranial cavity, it enters the ___ through the ___

within nose gives off (sensory/motor) fibers to the anterior part of the ___ & anterior parts of the (medial/lateral) walls

leaves the nasal cavity as the ___ branch, which supplies the skin of the lower half of the ___

A

nasal cavity
nasal slit

sensory
nasal septum
lateral

external nasal
nose

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14
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:
infratrochlear branch:

passes forward beneath the ___

(sensory/motor) to the side of the ___ & the medial corner of the ___

A

trochlea

sensory
nose
upper eyelid

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15
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

immediately after the nasociliary nerve enters the orbit, it is connected to the ___ ganglion by a small twig called the ___ root of the ___ ganglion

A

ciliary

sensory root of the ciliary ganglion

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16
Q

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
nasociliary branch:

the ciliary ganglion is said to have three roots:

  • the ___ root which connects it to the nasociliray nerve
  • the ___ root which conveys postganglionic sympathetic fibers through it
  • the ___ (___) root which contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which synapse in the ganglion
A

sensory

sympathetic

motor (parasympathetic)

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17
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

___ (sensory/motor) fibers

enters the lateral wall of the ___ sinus & passes through the ___ to enter the ___ fossa

within the fossa, it is connected to the ___ ganglion & nerve of the ___ for exchange of fibers

A

general sensory fibers

cavernous
foramen rotundum
pterygopalatine

pterygopalatine
pterygoid canal

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18
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
pterygopalatine ganglion:

(preganglionic/postganglionic) (sympathetic/parasympathetic) neurons

A

postganglionic

parasympathetic

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19
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
nerve of the pterygoid canal:

greater petrosal nerve - ___ & (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ nerve

deep petrosal nerve - (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers from the ___ plexus

A

taste
preganglionic parasympathetic
facial

postganglionic sympathetic
internal carotid

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20
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

after exchanging fibers, it proceeds through the ___ fissure to the floor of the orbit becoming the ___ nerve

it passes along the ___ groove, canal, & foramen & finally emerges on the ___

A

inferior orbital
infraorbital

infraorbital
face

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21
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:

branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition (3)

A

greater & lesser palatine nerves

posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves

pharyngeal branch

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22
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:

descend through the ___ & emerge through the ___ foramina to reach the hard & soft ___

A

palatine canals
greater & lesser palatine
palates of the mouth

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23
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
greater & lesser palatine nerves:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

taste fibers from the ___ branch of the ___ nerve for taste buds in the roof of the mouth

cells of origin of the taste fibers are in the ___ ganglion of the ___ nerve

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

greater petrosal
facial

geniculate
facial

deep petrosal

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24
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:

upper posterior nasal & nasopalatine nerves - pass into the nasal cavity via the ___ foramen

lower posterior nasal nerves - originate from the ___ nerve as it descends in the ___; they pass through small bony foramina to enter the ___

A

sphenopalatine

greater palatine
greater palatine canal
nasal cavity

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25
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:

posterior nasal branches supply the posterior part of the ___ & posterior walls of the ___

the nasopalatine nerve proceeds antero-inferiorly through the ___ (supplying it) & enters the mouth through the ___ foramen behind the ___ teeth to supply a small anterior portion of the ___ palate

A

nasal septum
nasal cavity

nasal septum
incisive
upper incisor
hard

26
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
posterior nasal branches & nasopalatine nerves:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

deep petrosal

27
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
pharyngeal branch:

passes posteriorly from the ___ ganglion & leaves the ___ fossa through the ___

supplies the ___ & glands of the ___

A

pterygopalatine
pterygopalatine
palatovaginal (pharyngeal) canal

mucosa
nasopharynx

28
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion & fiber composition:
pharyngeal branch:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

deep petrosal

29
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
orbital branches:

small branches passing through the ___ fissure & contribute to the supply of the ___

they then contribute to the supply of the ___, ___, & ___ air sinuses

A

inferior orbital
orbital wall

ethmoidal
sphenoidal
frontal

30
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the orbital branches:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

deep petrosal

31
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
zygomatic branch:

arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ fossa

it passes into the orbit & splits into ___ & ___ branches which are sensory to the ___ & ___ regions of the face

also receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion, which it hands over to the ___ nerve of ___

A

maxillary
pterygopalatine

zygomaticofacial & zygomaticotemporal
zygomatic & temporal

pterygopalatine
lacrimal nerve of V1

32
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
superior alveolar nerves (3)

these nerves intermingle, forming a ___ before innervating the upper teeth

A

posterior
middle
anterior

dental plexus

33
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
posterior superior alveolar nerve:

arises from the main trunk of the ___ nerve while in the ___ fossa

supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth

A

maxillary
pterygopalatine

maxillary
molar

34
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
middle superior alveolar nerve:

arises from the ___ nerve within the ___ groove or canal

supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & upper ___ teeth

A

infraorbital
infraorbital

maxillary
premolar

35
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
anterior superior alveolar nerve:

arises from the ___ nerve in the anterior part of the ___ canal

supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ sinuses & the upper three ___ teeth

A

infraorbital
infraorbital

maxillary
anterior

36
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the superior alveolar nerves:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

pterygopalatine

deep petrosal

37
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
infraorbital nerve:

(smallest/largest) & ___ branch of the maxillary division

supplies:

  • lower ___
  • side of the ___
  • upper ___
  • front of the ___
  • ___ vestibule
A

largest
terminal

  • eyelid
  • nose
  • lip
  • cheek
  • nasal
38
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches arising from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve & infraorbital nerve:
fiber types of the infraorbital nerve:

general sensory fibers from ___

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ nerve

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

deep petrosal

39
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

receives the whole (sensory/motor) root of the ___ nerve, but is still overwhelmingly (sensory/motor) int he total fiber content

leaves the skull through the ___ & enters the ___ fossa where it is connected to a (symp/parasymp) ganglion, the ___ ganglion

A

motor
trigeminal
sensory

foramen ovale
infratemporal
parasympathetic
otic

40
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

the motor branches supply the:

  • muscles of ___
  • ___ & ___ belly of the ___ muscle
  • tensor of the ___
  • tensor ___
A
  • muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric muscle
  • tensor of the palate
  • tensor tympani
41
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

the motor branches to the mylohyoid & anterior belly of the digastric are carried by the ___ branch & leave it just before it enters the ___ foramen

A

inferior alveolar

inferior alveolar

42
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

branches of the main trunk (2)

A

meningeal branch (nervus spinosus)

medial pterygoid nerve

43
Q 
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
meningeal branch (nervus spinosus):

enters the skull through the ___ w/ the ___ artery

supplies the dura of the ___ fossa & the ___ cells

A

foramen spinosum
middle meningeal

middle cranial
mastoid air

44
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
medial pterygoid nerve:

enters the deep surface of the ___ muscle & supplies it

gives off two branches:

  • nerve to the tensor ___
  • nerve to the tensor ___
A

medial pterygoid

  • tympani
  • of the palate
45
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

branches from the anterior division (4)

primarily (sensory/motor) supply w/ some (sensory/motor) fibers

A

masseteric nerve
deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior)
lateral pterygoid nerve
long buccal nerve

motor
sensory

46
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
masseteric nerve:

passes through the ___ to supply the ___ muscle

gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint

A

mandibular notch
masseter

sensory
temporomandibular

47
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
deep temporal nerves (anterior & posterior):

supply the ___ muscle

gives a (sensory/motor) twig to the ___ joint

A

temporalis

sensory
temporomandibular

48
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
lateral pterygoid nerve:

supplies the ___ muscle

A

lateral pterygoid

49
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the anterior division:
long buccal nerve:

passes laterally b/n the two heads of the ___ muscle

descends over the ___ muscle

supplies the mucous membrane of the ___ & ___ (molar area) & the skin of the overlying ___

A

lateral pterygoid

buccinator

cheek & gums
cheek

50
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:

branches from the posterior division (3)

mainly (sensory/motor) except for the ___ nerve

A

auriculotemporal nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
lingual nerve

sensory
mylohyoid

51
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:

runs posteriorly & splits around the ___ artery, reforms & runs through the ___ gland to be distributed to the external ___ & ___ over the ___region

while in the substance of the ___ gland it delivers (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers it received from the ___ ganglion

A

middle meningeal
parotid
ear & scalp
temporal

parotid
postganglionic
parasympathetic
otic

52
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:
parasympathetic pathway:

\_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_ branch
\_\_\_ nerve
(\_\_\_)
\_\_\_ ganglion
\_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_ gland
A 
glossopharyngeal nerve
tympanic branch
lesser petrosal nerve
(foramen ovale)
otic ganglion
auriculotemporal nerve
parotid gland
53
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve:
branches:

\_\_\_ joint (main supply)
\_\_\_ gland (parasympathetic from CN \_\_\_)
\_\_\_ meatus
\_\_\_ membrane
anterior portion of the \_\_\_
skin covering the \_\_\_
A 
temporomandibular joint (main supply)
parotid gland (parasympathetic from CN IX)
external auditory meatus
tympanic membrane
anterior portion of the external ear
skin covering the temporal fossa
54
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:

contains ___ sensory & motor fibers

enters the ___ foramen (after giving off the nerve to the ___)

the main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve supplies the ___ & ___ teeth

A

general

mandibular
mylohyoid

molar & premolar

55
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:

the nerve divides into two terminal branches within the ___ canal (2)

the ___ branch supplies the ___ muscle & the anterior belly of the digastric

A

mandibular

mental nerve
incisive nerve

mylohyoid
mylohyoid

56
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
mental nerve:

passes out the ___ foramen

supplies:

  • skin of the ___ & ___
  • mucous membrane of the ___
  • gingiva associated w/ the buccal side of the ___, ___, & ___ teeth
A

mental

  • lower lip & chin
  • lower lip
  • mandibular incisor, canine, & premolar
57
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
inferior alveolar nerve:
incisive nerve:

supplies the ___ & ___ teeth

A

lower canine

incisor

58
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:

contains ___ (sensory/motor) fibers for the anterior two-thirds of the ___, the ___, & the floor of the ___

joined by the ___ of the ___ nerve, which contains:

  • (pre/post-ganglionic) (symp/parasymp) fibers
  • ___ fibers for the ___ of the anterior two-thirds of the ___ (___ papillae)
A

general sensory
tongue
lingual gingiva
mouth

chorda tympani
facial
- preganglionic parasympathetic
- taste, taste buds, tongue (fungiform)

59
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
course of the chorda tympani:

leaves the ___ nerve while it runs in the ___ canal

next, it runs along the lateral wall of the ___ cavity & emerges through the ___ fissure to join the ___ nerve

A

facial nerve
facial canal

tympanic cavity
petrotympanic fissure
lingual nerve

60
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
course of the lingual nerve:

during its course, it’s closely related to the ___ tooth & can be damaged during ___ of the tooth

while crossing the floor of the mouth, it is closely related to the ___

A

third molar
extraction

submandibular duct

61
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve:
branches from the posterior division:
lingual nerve:
parasympathetic fibers:

the presympathetic (symp/parasymp) fibers of the chorda tympani depart from the ___ nerve in the region of the ___ ganglion

they synapse w/ postganglionic (symp/parasymp) neurons in the ___ganglion, which is connected to the ___ nerve

postganglionic (symp/parasymp) fibers either proceed to the ___ gland or join the ___ nerve via communicating branches to end in the ___ & ___ glands

A

parasympathetic fibers
lingual nerve
submandibular ganglion

parasympathetic
submandibular ganglion
lingual nerve

parasympathetic
submandibular gland
lingual nerve
sublingual & lingual salivary glands

62
Q

lesion of the trigeminal nerve:

loss of ___ sensation & deviation of the ___ toward the side of the lesion due to weakness of the muscles of ___

trigeminal ___ (tic douloureau) is a common occurrence

this may involve the entire nerve or divisions only

this most commonly effects the ___ division

pain may be referred from one branch of the trigeminal to another

for example, pain from an infectd tooth may be referred to the ___ & ___ joint

A

facial
jaw
mastication

neuroalgia

maxillary

ear & temporomandibular joint

Anatomy (66 decks)

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