The Abdominal Wall Flashcards
surface anatomy of abdomen:
umbilicus
in physically fit humans, this lies in b/n bony levels L3 & L4, at the approximate midpoint b/n the xiphoid process & the pubic symphysis
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
pubic symphysis
occurs in a median plane, & is easily palpated
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
linea alba
aka white line, occurs in a median plane on the anterior abdominal surface, & divides the body into halves
a fibrous structure formed by the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
linea semilunaris
runs from the pubic tubercle up towards the 9th costal cartilage, & marks the lateral edge of rectus abdominis
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
inguinal ligament
stretches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
fascias of the anterior abdomen wall
can be examined once skin is removed
divided into two layers: superficial & deep
superficial fascia of the anterior abdomen wall: further divided into two layers
fatty - camper’s fascia
membraneous - scarpa’s fascia
deep fascia of the anterior abdomen wall
investing fascia on the muscle
internal abdominal oblique:
arises from the ___
the lower fibers arch over the ___ & then descends behind it to insert on the ___ & ___
thoraco-lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, & from the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
spermatic cord (round ligament), pubic crest, pectineal line
internal abdominal oblique:
the fibers join with the lower part of the transverse abdominal oblique to form the ___
this is deep to the ___
conjoint tendons
reflected ligament
internal abdominal oblique:
a bundle of fibers from the internal oblique joins the spermatic cord & forms the ___ covering of the cord & the testis
cremaster muscle & fascia
transversus abdominal muscle:
occupies the same territory deep to the ___
arises from the entire ___ (___, ___, & ___)
inserts on the ___
internal oblique muscle
costal arch (thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the inner lip of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament)
linea alba
transversus abdominal muscle:
the lower fibers of this muscle are fused w/ the internal abdominal oblique muscle to form the ___
conjoint tendon
rectus abdominus muscle:
revealed if a longitudinal cut is made through the ___ about 2 inches from the ___
stretches from the ___ to the ___
aponeurotic tendons
midline
pubic symphysis
costal arch
rectus abdominus muscle:
tendinous intersections:
___ bands running ___
located in the following sites:
- ___
- inferior end of the ___
- equidistant from ___ & ___
- b/n ___ & ___
fibrous
horizontally across the muscle which divides the muscle into sections
- umbilicus
- xiphoid process
- umbilicus & xiphoid process
- umbilicus & pubis
rectus abdominus muscle:
the lateral border of the rectus muscle demarcates the ___
enclosed in a sheath formed by the ___ of the external, internal, & transverse abdominal oblique muscles, called the ___
linea semilunaris
aponeurosis
rectus sheath
rectus sheath:
the external abdominal oblique forms the ___ wall over the entire length of the ___
anterior
rectus abdominis
rectus sheath:
the internal oblique aponeurosis splits at the lateral edge of the rectus muscle & one lamina fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___
the second lamina of the internal oblique aponeurosis fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___
the aponeurosis of the three muscles insert into the ___
external oblique
anterior wall of the rectus sheath
transversus abdominis
posterior sheath of the rectus muscle
linea alba
rectus sheath:
at a point located approximately halfway b/n the ___ & ___, both layers of the internal oblique aponeurosis are found on the anterior surface of the rectus muscle
at this same point, the ___ also courses anterior to the rectus abdominis
the anterior wall of the rectus sheath is thus complete
the posterior wall is complete only to the point 1/2 way b/n the ___ & ___ & it’s ___ below this line
umbilicus
pubic crest
transversus abdominis muscle
umbilicus
pubic crest
absent
rectus abdominus muscle:
if the rectus abdominus is lifted out of its sheath, the posterior wall of this covering can be seen to vary in ___ in different areas
this difference is due to the manner of formation of the rectus sheath by the ___
thickness
tendons of the external, internal, & transversus abdominis muscles
rectus sheath:
arcuate line:
the point at which ___, ___, & ___ go ___ to the rectus abdominis
a ___ line that demarcates the lower limit of the ___ layer of the rectus sheath
where the ___ vessels perforate the rectus abdominus
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus
anterior
horizontal
posterior
inferior epigastric
rectus sheath:
superior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique aponeurosis splits to envelope the ___
inferior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique & trasnversus abdominis aponeuroses merge & pass ___
inferior to the arcuate line, all three muscle (external oblique, internal oblique, trasnversus) aponeuroses make up the ___ that’s now only ___ to the rectus abdominis
therefore, inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus abdominis rests directly on the ___
rectus abdominis muscle
superficial to the rectus muscle
rectus sheath
anterior
transversalis fascia
pyramidalis muscle:
a ___, ___, & ___ muscle
fibers run from the ___ to the ___
situated in the ___ anterior to the ___
tightens the ___
small
traingular
inconsistent (absent in 20% of humans)
pubic crest, linea alba
rectus sheath
rectus abdominis muscle
linea alba
transversalis fascia:
a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies b/n the ___ & the ___
___ is formed within the transversalis fascia
inner surface of the transversus
extraperitoneal fat
deep inguinal ring
transversalis fascia:
a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies b/n the ___ & the ___
___ is formed within the transversalis fascia
inner surface of the transversus, extraperitoneal fat
deep inguinal ring
functions of the abdominal muscles (3)
flex the trunk
increase intra-abdominal pressure & facilitate defecation, urination, parturition
stabilize the pelvis on the trunk during normal walking
nerves innervating the abdominal body wall (4)
ventral primary rami
iliohypogastric nerve
illioinguinal nerves
subcostal nerve
external abdominal oblique muscle:
arises from the ___ to the ___ ribs
inserts by a fleshy attachment to the ___
inserts by ___ to the ___
muscular portion occupies the ___ area only
5th - 12th
iliac crest
aponeurosis
linea alba
lateral
external abdominal oblique muscle:
anterior portion is made up of a large ___
fibers of this from both sides of the body interdigitate w/ one another at the ___
tendinous aponeurosis
linea alba
external abdominal oblique muscle:
turns in the area b/n the ___ & the ___ to form the ___ & stretches between these two structures
anterior superior iliac spine
pubic tubercle
inguinal ligament
external abdominal oblique muscle:
from the pubic tubercle, an extension of the inguinal ligament sweeps posteriorly & laterally along the ___ (a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone) to form the ___ & ___
the ___ extends from the pubic tubercle towards the linea alba
this ligament courses superiorly & medially, deep to the fibers of the external oblique muscle, & interlocks w/ ___ from the opposite side of the body
pectineal line
lacunar ligament
pectineal ligaments
reflected ligament
reflected ligament
external abdominal oblique muscle:
the opening in the aponeurotic tendon of the external oblique muscle is the ___
this is located above & lateral to the ___
the edges are reinforced by fibers termed:
- ___ which are located on either side
- ___ located superiorly
inferiorly, this is the ___ & the ___ part of the inguinal ligament
it is the opening of the ___
superficial inguinal ring
pubic tubercle
- medial & lateral crura
- intercrurial fibers
pubic tubercle
reflected
inguinal canal
external abdominal oblique muscle:
an extension of the aponeurosis forms a covering of the spermatic cord & testes called the ___
external spermatic fascia
