The Abdominal Wall Flashcards
surface anatomy of abdomen:
umbilicus
in physically fit humans, this lies in b/n bony levels L3 & L4, at the approximate midpoint b/n the xiphoid process & the pubic symphysis
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
pubic symphysis
occurs in a median plane, & is easily palpated
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
linea alba
aka white line, occurs in a median plane on the anterior abdominal surface, & divides the body into halves
a fibrous structure formed by the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
linea semilunaris
runs from the pubic tubercle up towards the 9th costal cartilage, & marks the lateral edge of rectus abdominis
surface anatomy of the abdomen:
inguinal ligament
stretches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
fascias of the anterior abdomen wall
can be examined once skin is removed
divided into two layers: superficial & deep
superficial fascia of the anterior abdomen wall: further divided into two layers
fatty - camper’s fascia
membraneous - scarpa’s fascia
deep fascia of the anterior abdomen wall
investing fascia on the muscle
internal abdominal oblique:
arises from the ___
the lower fibers arch over the ___ & then descends behind it to insert on the ___ & ___
thoraco-lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, & from the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
spermatic cord (round ligament), pubic crest, pectineal line
internal abdominal oblique:
the fibers join with the lower part of the transverse abdominal oblique to form the ___
this is deep to the ___
conjoint tendons
reflected ligament
internal abdominal oblique:
a bundle of fibers from the internal oblique joins the spermatic cord & forms the ___ covering of the cord & the testis
cremaster muscle & fascia
transversus abdominal muscle:
occupies the same territory deep to the ___
arises from the entire ___ (___, ___, & ___)
inserts on the ___
internal oblique muscle
costal arch (thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the inner lip of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament)
linea alba
transversus abdominal muscle:
the lower fibers of this muscle are fused w/ the internal abdominal oblique muscle to form the ___
conjoint tendon
rectus abdominus muscle:
revealed if a longitudinal cut is made through the ___ about 2 inches from the ___
stretches from the ___ to the ___
aponeurotic tendons
midline
pubic symphysis
costal arch
rectus abdominus muscle:
tendinous intersections:
___ bands running ___
located in the following sites:
- ___
- inferior end of the ___
- equidistant from ___ & ___
- b/n ___ & ___
fibrous
horizontally across the muscle which divides the muscle into sections
- umbilicus
- xiphoid process
- umbilicus & xiphoid process
- umbilicus & pubis
rectus abdominus muscle:
the lateral border of the rectus muscle demarcates the ___
enclosed in a sheath formed by the ___ of the external, internal, & transverse abdominal oblique muscles, called the ___
linea semilunaris
aponeurosis
rectus sheath
rectus sheath:
the external abdominal oblique forms the ___ wall over the entire length of the ___
anterior
rectus abdominis
rectus sheath:
the internal oblique aponeurosis splits at the lateral edge of the rectus muscle & one lamina fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___
the second lamina of the internal oblique aponeurosis fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___
the aponeurosis of the three muscles insert into the ___
external oblique
anterior wall of the rectus sheath
transversus abdominis
posterior sheath of the rectus muscle
linea alba
rectus sheath:
at a point located approximately halfway b/n the ___ & ___, both layers of the internal oblique aponeurosis are found on the anterior surface of the rectus muscle
at this same point, the ___ also courses anterior to the rectus abdominis
the anterior wall of the rectus sheath is thus complete
the posterior wall is complete only to the point 1/2 way b/n the ___ & ___ & it’s ___ below this line
umbilicus
pubic crest
transversus abdominis muscle
umbilicus
pubic crest
absent
rectus abdominus muscle:
if the rectus abdominus is lifted out of its sheath, the posterior wall of this covering can be seen to vary in ___ in different areas
this difference is due to the manner of formation of the rectus sheath by the ___
thickness
tendons of the external, internal, & transversus abdominis muscles
rectus sheath:
arcuate line:
the point at which ___, ___, & ___ go ___ to the rectus abdominis
a ___ line that demarcates the lower limit of the ___ layer of the rectus sheath
where the ___ vessels perforate the rectus abdominus
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus
anterior
horizontal
posterior
inferior epigastric
rectus sheath:
superior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique aponeurosis splits to envelope the ___
inferior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique & trasnversus abdominis aponeuroses merge & pass ___
inferior to the arcuate line, all three muscle (external oblique, internal oblique, trasnversus) aponeuroses make up the ___ that’s now only ___ to the rectus abdominis
therefore, inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus abdominis rests directly on the ___
rectus abdominis muscle
superficial to the rectus muscle
rectus sheath
anterior
transversalis fascia
pyramidalis muscle:
a ___, ___, & ___ muscle
fibers run from the ___ to the ___
situated in the ___ anterior to the ___
tightens the ___
small
traingular
inconsistent (absent in 20% of humans)
pubic crest, linea alba
rectus sheath
rectus abdominis muscle
linea alba
transversalis fascia:
a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies b/n the ___ & the ___
___ is formed within the transversalis fascia
inner surface of the transversus
extraperitoneal fat
deep inguinal ring
