The Gluteal Region & Posterior Thigh Flashcards
gluteal region:
deep fascia of the gluteal region is continuous w/ the ___ of the thigh
fascia splits to enclose the ___ muscle
above this muscle, the fascia continues covering the ___ muscle & attaches to the ___
fascia lata
gluteus maximus muscle
gluteus medius muscle
iliac crest
muscles of the gluteal region (9)
gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae piriformis obturator internus superior gemellus inferior gemellus quadratus femoirs
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
inferior gluteal nerve
extends & laterally rotates femur at hip joint
helps maintain kneejoint in extension
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:
called into action only during rapid & powerful (flexion/extension) or when ___ must be overcome
during normal gait cycle, (flexion/extension) of the femur at the hip is carried out primarily by the ___ (e.g., paralysis of the ___ muscle does not seriously compromise walking on level ground)
extension
resistance
extension
hamstrings
gluteus maximus muscle
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus maximus:
muscle definitely required for femur (flexion/extension) in three actions (3)
extension
climbing
going upstairs
getting up from squatting position
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteal medius:
nerve(s)
action(s))
superoir gluteal nerve
abducts & medially rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteal minimus:
nerve(s)
action(s))
superiro gluteal nerve
abducts & medially rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
gluteus medius & minimus are chief ___ of the thigh
an equally important function is steadying the ___ while walking (e.g., raise foot off ground, contraction of gluteal muscles of opposite side)
abductors
pelvis
trendelenburg gait:
if the gluteus medius & gluteus minimus muscles of one side are ___, the person exhibits a very characteristic gait
when the lower limb on the (affected/unaffected) side enters its swing phase, its side of the pelvis drops b/c the muscles on the other side ___
such a drop of the pelvis on the (affected/unaffected) side will ordinarily shift the entire trunk toward that side, with the result that the body’s center of gravity is no longer over the supporting (affected/unaffected) side’s foot
paralyzed
unaffected
cannot hold the pelvis level
unaffected
affected
trendelenburg gait:
the person would tend to fall over to his or her (affected/unaffected) side
in order to prevent a fall, the person will (medially/laterally) flex the lumbar spine toward the (affected/unaffected) side bringing the center of gravity of the trunk over the (affected/unaffected) side’s foot
unaffected
laterally
affected
affected
muscles of the gluteal region:
tensor fascia latae:
nerve(s)
action(s)
superior gluteal nerve
flexes & abducts femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
through their insertions in the ___ tract, the gluteus maximus & tensor fasciae latae assist in keeping the knee ___
the tract & its two associated muscles also help stabilize the ___
iliotibial tract
extended
hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
piriformis:
nerve(s)
action(s)
nerve to piriformis
laterally rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
obturator internus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
nerve to obturator internus
laterally rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
superior gemellus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
nerve to obturator internus
laterally rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
inferior gemellus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
nerve to quadratus femoris
laterally rotates femur at hip joint
muscles of the gluteal region:
quadratus femoris:
nerve(s)
action(s)
nerve to quadratus femoris
laterally rotates femur at hip joint
nerves of gluteal region (___ plexus):
takes form on (anterior/posterior) wall of pelvis just (medial/lateral) to sacral foramina
major portion of it lies on anterior surface of ___ muscle
forms from union of ___ & ___ (w/ spinal levels)
posterior
lateral
piriformis
lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) ventral rami (S1, S2, S3, S4)
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): major branches (7)
sciatic nerve (L4 - S3) posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve nerve of quadratus femoris pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4) nerve to obturator internus
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):
emerges from pelvis through ___ foramen below ___ muscle
(smallest/largest) nerve in body
consists of two nerves (2)
greater sciatic foramen
piriformis muscle
largest
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):
runs downward successively on posterior surface of four muscles to reach back of one muscle one muscle (4) (1)
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
adductor magnus
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): sciatic nerve (L4 - S3):
occasionally, the common fibular portion leaves the sciatic nerve high in the ___ & appears in the gluteal region by passing above or through the ___ muscle (clinically significant)
pelvis
piriformis muscle
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh:
passes out ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle & passes downward just medial or posterior to the ___ nerve
gives off two branches while lying below the ___ muscle (2)
greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle
sciatic nerve
gluteus maximus muscle
inferior cluneal branch
perineal branch
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh:
supplies the (anterior/posterior) ___
inferior cluneal to ___
perineal branch to ___ or ___
posterior thigh
buttocks
scrotum or labia majora
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
superior gluteal nerve:
exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle and runs in the plane b/n the ___ & ___ muscles
supplies three muscles (3)
greater sciatic foramen
above
piriformis muscle
gluteus medius & gluteus minimus muscles
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
inferior gluteal nerve:
exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the level of the ___ muscle
supplies the ___ muscle
greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle
gluteus maximus muscle
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus):
nerve to the quadratus femoris:
exits the ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muslce
supplies two muscles (2)
greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle
quadratus femoris
inferior gemmelus
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4) & nerve to obturator internus:
exit pelvis through ___ foramen (above/below) the ___ muscle
pudendal nerve supplies the ___
nerve to the obturator internus supplies the ___ & ___ muscles
greater sciatic foramen
below
piriformis muscle
perineum
obturator internus
superior gemellus
nerves of gluteal region (sacral plexus): pudendal nerve (S2, S3, & S4) & nerve to obturator internus:
hook around the ___ or ___ w/ the ___ vessels 7 pass through the ___ foramen to enter the ___ fossa of the ___
ischial spine or sacrospinous ligament
internal pudendal vessels
lesser sciatic foramen
ischiorectal fossa of the perineum
posterior compartment of the thigh:
muscles (4)
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
hamstring portion of adductor magnus
posterior compartment of the thigh:
blood supply: branches of the ___ artery
nerve supply
group muscle action(s)
profunda femoris artery
sciatic nerve (tibial division)
extension of thigh
flexion of leg
posterior compartment of the thigh:
biceps femoris:
nerve(s)
- long head
- short head
action(s)
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
extends femur at hip joint
flexes & laterally rotates leg at knee joint
posterior compartment of the thigh:
semitendinosus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
tibial nerve
extends femur at hip joint
flexes & medially rotates leg at knee joint
posterior compartment of the thigh:
semimembranosus:
nerve(s)
action(s)
tendon gives off a heavy lateral ___ which runs obliquely across the posterior surface of the ___ joint: ___ ligament
tibial nerve
extends femur at hip joint
flexes & medially rotates leg at knee joint
expansion
knee joint
oblique popliteal ligament
hamstring injuries:
relatively common ___ injuries
involve tearing of the ___ attachments to the ___
tearing of the ___ fibers is extremely painful
sports injuries
proximal tendinous attachments
ischial tuberosity
tendinous fibers
pes anserinus tendons (inverted tripod configuration):
muscles & respective nerves (3)
action(s)
sartorius (femoral nerve)
gracilus (obturator nerve)
semitendinosus (tibial nerve)
flex knee joint
provide additional support to knee joint
popliteal fossa:
___-shaped area (anterior/posterior) to ___
boundaries (muscles):
- superolateral (1)
- superomedial (2)
- inferomedial & inferolateral (1)
diamond
posterior
knee
biceps formis
semimembranosus & semitendinosus
gastrocemius muscle bellies
popliteal fossa: superficial contents (3)
fat
small saphenous vein
three cutaneous nerves
popliteal fossa: deep contents (3)
popliteal artery & vein
tibial & common peroneal nerve
popliteal lymph nodes
popliteal fossa:
structures in center of fossa (medial to lateral, deep to superficial) (3)
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
popliteal fossa:
popliteal artery:
continuation of ___ artery after passing through the ___
terminates at lower border of ___ muscle
femoral artery
adductor hiatus
popliteus muscle
popliteal fossa:
popliteal artery:
divides into two arteries at lower border of popliteus muscle (2)
within the fossa, gives off ___ branches supplying the ___ & related structures
anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
genicular branches
knee joint
popliteal fossa:
popliteal vein:
receives the ___ vein
small saphenous vein
