The Organization of the Neck I Flashcards
surface anatomy:
angle b/n neck & mandible (C3 level): ___ bone
C4, C5 level: ___ cartilage
C6 level: ___ cartilage
palpable in lower neck, superior to the jugular notch: ___
hyoid
thyroid
cricoid
tracheal rings
triangles of the neck:
the neck is divided into anterior & posterior triangles by the ___ muscle
___ triangle lies in front of this muscle
___ triangle lies behind this muscle
sternocleidomastoid
anterior
posterior
sternocleidomastoid muscle (landmark of neck):
nerve supply (2)
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
ventral rami of C2, C3
posterior triangle:
boundaries:
___ muscle
___ muscle
middle 1/3 of the ___
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
clavicle
posterior triangle:
the ___ nerves run across the triangle within the investing layer of deep fascia
the muscular floor of the triangle is covered by the ___ layer of deep fascia
supraclavicular
prevertebral
posterior triangle:
the inferior belly of the ___ muscle divides the posterior triangle into two triangles: ___ & ___
omohyoid
occipital
subclavian
posterior triangle:
occipital triangle:
(small/large) (upper/lower) triangle
named b/c the occipital ___ appears in its apex
the ___ nerve is the most important nerve crossing this triangle
large
upper
artery
accessory
posterior triangle:
subclavian triangle:
(small/large) (upper/lower) triangle
the inferior part of the ___ vein crosses this triangle superficially
may include the ___ vein & the 3rd part of the ___ artery
small
lower
external jugular
subclavian
subclavian
posterior triangle:
the following muscles make up the ___:
splenius capitus levator scapulae scalenus posterior scalenus medius scalenus anterior
muscular floor
nerves in the posterior triangle (5)
accessory nerve (CN XI)
dorsal scapular nerve
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
phrenic nerve (C4, C4, C5)
roots of the brachial plexus
nerves in the posterior triangle: accessory nerve (CN XI):
exits the cranial cavity through the ___
runs downward & laterally to reach the superior border of the ___ muscle
passes either ___ to the SCM or ___ it & supplies it
continues downward & laterally across the posterior triangle within the ___ fascia & disappears beneath the ___ muscle & innervates it
note: the superficial location of the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle makes it susceptible to ___
jugular foramen
sternocleidomastoid
deep
through
investing
trapezius
injury
nerves in the posterior triangle:
dorsal scapular nerve:
branch of the ___ arising from ventral ramus of ___
pierces the ___ & descends deep to the ___
brachial plexus
C5
scalenus medius
levator scapulae
nerves in the posterior triangle:
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
emerge from behind the ___ border of the SCM
nerve branches (4)
posterior
lesser occipital nerve (C2)
greater auricular nerve (C2 & C3)
transverse cervical nerve (C2 & C3)
supraclavicular nerves (C3 & C4)
nerves in the posterior triangle:
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
lesser occipital nerve (C2):
ascends along the ___ border of the SCM
distributed to the skin of the ___ & ___ behind the ear
posterior
neck
scalp
nerves in the posterior triangle:
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
great auricular nerve (C2 & C3):
runs upward ___ the SCM toward the inferior pole of the ___ gland
usually accompanied by the ___ vein
supplies:
- much of the external ___
- the skin over the ___ gland & its sheath
- an area of skin extending form the angle of the ___ to the ___
across
parotid
external jugular
- ear
- parotid
- mandible, mastoid process
nerves in the posterior triangle:
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
transverse cervical nerve (C2 & C3):
curves around the ___ border of the SCM near its ___
supplies most of the skin of the ___ region
posterior
midpoint
anterior cervical
nerves in the posterior triangle:
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
supraclavicular nerves (C3 & C4):
emerge from a common trunk at the ___ border of the SCM
descends under the ___ & divides into several branches
the branches distribute as far inferiorly as the ___ & ___ & as far laterally & posteriorly as the skin over the ___
they also supply the ___ joint
posterior
platysma
sternal angle
2nd rib
spine of the scapula
sternoclavicular
nerves in the posterior triangle: phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5):
courses inferiorly on the anterior surface of the ___ muscle
the ___ & ___ arteries cross the nerve superficially
referred pain from the diaphragm involves the distribution area of the ___ nerves
scalenus anterior
transverse cervical
suprascapular
supraclavicular
nerves in the posterior triangle:
roots of the brachial plexus:
appear b/n the ___ & ___ muscles
anterior scalene
middle scalene
arteries in the posterior triangle:
the third part of the ___ artery
branches of the ___ (from the first part of the ___ artery):
- ___ artery
- ___ artery
subclavian
thyrocervical trunk (subclavian)
- transverse cervical
- suprascapular
veins in the posterior triangle (2)
external jugular
subclavian
veins in the posterior triangle:
external jugular vein:
begins on the ___ surface of the SCM at about the level of the ___
formed by the union of the ___ vein & posterior division of the ___ vein
closely paralleled by the ___ nerve
at the base of the neck, it pierces the investing layer of ___ fascia & ends in the ___ vein
superficial
angle of the mandible
posterior auricular
retromandibular
great auricular
deep
subclavian
veins in the posterior triangle:
subclavian vein
curves through the ___ part of the posterior triangle
it passes anterior to the ___ muscle & ___ nerve
inferior
anterior scalene
phrenic
anterior triangle:
boundaries:
midline of the ___ (anterior)
___ muscle (posterior)
body of ___ (superior)
neck
sternocleidomastoid
mandible
anterior triangle:
subdivided into smaller triangles by the ___ & ___ muscles
digastric
omohyoid
anterior triangle:
digastric muscle:
bellies (2)
anterior
posterior
anterior triangle:
digastric muscle:
nerve supply:
anterior belly: ___
posterior belly: ___
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
facial nerve
anterior triangle:
digastric muscle:
action:
elevates the ___ or depresses the ___
hyroid
mandible
anterior triangle:
omohyoid muscle:
bellies (2)
nerve supply
action: depresses & fixes the ___
superior
inferior
ansa cervicalis
hyoid bone
subdivisions of the anterior triangle:
submental triangle contents:
___ lymph nodes
___ vein
submental
anterior jugular
subdivisions of the anterior triangle:
digastric (submandibular) triangle contents:
\_\_\_ gland \_\_\_ lymph nodes \_\_\_ artery & vein \_\_\_ nerve \_\_\_ nerve
submandibular submandibular facial hypoglossal mylohyoid
subdivisions of the anterior triangle:
carotid triangle contents:
\_\_\_ artery \_\_\_ & \_\_\_ arteries \_\_\_ vein branches of the \_\_\_ artery \_\_\_ nerve & \_\_\_ branches (CN \_\_\_) \_\_\_ nerve (CN \_\_\_) \_\_\_ nerve (CN \_\_\_) \_\_\_ \_\_\_ lymph nodes
common carotid internal & external carotid internal jugular external carotid vagus, laryngeal, X accessory, XI hypoglossal, XII ansa cervicalis deep cervical
subdivisions of the anterior triangle:
muscular triangle contents:
\_\_\_ muscle \_\_\_ muscle \_\_\_ muscle \_\_\_ & \_\_\_ \_\_\_ & \_\_\_ glands
sternohyroid sternothyroid cricothyroid larynx & trachea thyroid & parathyroid
hyoid muscles:
primarily concerned w/ steadying & moving the ___ & ___
___ muscles - elevate the hyoid muscles
___ muscles - compress the hyoid muscles
hyoid
larynx
suprahyoid
infrahyoid
hyoid muscles: suprahyoid muscles (4)
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric
hyoid muscles:
suprahyoid muscles:
digastric:
nerves:
- anterior belly: ___
- posterior belly: ___
action: elevates ___ or depresses ___
- CN V3
- CN VII
hyoid
mandible
hyoid muscles:
suprahyoid muscles:
mylohyoid:
forms the floor of the ___
nerves: ___ nerve from the inferior alveolar branch of the ___ nerve (CN ___)
action: raises the ___, floor of ___, & the ___ during swallowing or depresses the mandible
mouth
mylohyoid
mandibular (VIII)
hyoid
mouth
tongue
hyoid muscles:
suprahyoid muscles:
geniohyoid:
deep to the ___
nerves: ___ via the ___ nerve
action: raises the ___ or depresses the ___
mylohyoid
C1
hypoglossal
hyoid
mandible
hyoid muscles:
suprahyoid muscles:
stylohyoid:
closely applied to the posterior belly of the ___
nerves: ___
action: raises the ___ & pulls it posteriorly
digastric
CN VII
hyoid
hyoid muscles:
infrahyoid muscles (4)
first three = “___ muscles”
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
strap
hyoid muscles:
infrahyoid muscles:
sternohyoid:
nerves: ___
action: depresses the ___ bone after elevation during swallowing
ansa cervicalis
hyoid
hyoid muscles:
infrahyoid muscles:
omohyoid:
nerves: ___
action: depresses & fixes the ___ bone
ansa cervicalis
hyoid
hyoid muscles:
infrahyoid muscles:
sternothyroid:
nerves: ___
action: draws ___ (___ cartilage) & ___ downward
ansa cervicalis
larynx
thyroid
hyoid
hyoid muscles:
infrahyoid muscles:
thyrohyoid:
origin: ___ line of ___ cartilage
innervation: body & greater horn of the ___ bone
oblique
thyroid
hyoid
sternocleidomastoid muscle:
action:
flex head at ___ joint & flex ___
one muscle alone tilts toward shoulder on ___ side
rotates head to ___ side
atlantooccipital
cervical column
same
opposite
