The Nasal Cavities I

Question 1

nasal cavities:

the two nasal cavities are the (uppermost/lowermost) part of the ___ tract

they are elongated, wedge-shaped spaces w/ a (small/large) inferior base & a (narrower/wider) superior apex

Answer 1

uppermost
respiratory

large
narrower

Question 2

nasal cavities:

held open by an extensive ___ framework of ___ & ___

the smaller anterior regions are enclosed by the ___ whereas the larger posterior regions are more ___ within the ___

Answer 2

skeletal
bone & cartilage

nose
central
skull

Question 3

nasal cavities:

the anterior apertures are the ___ opening into the inferior surface of the ___

the posterior apertures are the ___ opening into the ___

Answer 3

nares
nose

choanae
nasopharynx

Question 4

nasal cavities are separated:

from each other by the ___

from the oral cavity below the ___

from the cranial cavity above by parts of the ___, ___, & ___ bones

Answer 4

nasal septum

hard palate

frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones

Question 5

general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:

slightly expanded (anterior/posterior) part of the nasal passage just inside the ___

its lumen is lined w/ a continuation of ___ from the surface consisting of kiratinized, stratified squamous ___

Answer 5

anterior
nares

skin
epithelium

Question 6

general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:

the inferior region contains ___ & ___ glands & stiff ___ (___), which filter dust & debris from the air

limited above & behind by a curved ridge, the ___

Answer 6

sweat & sebaceous glands
hairs (vibrissae)

limen nasi

Question 7

general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:

at the limen nasi, there is a transition from ___ epithelium to ___ epithelium of the respiratory rgion

Answer 7

stratified squamous epithelium

respiratory epithelium

Question 8

general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:

forms most of the surface of the nasal cavities & so covers the: (4)

except the area of: (1)

Answer 8

conchae
meatuses
floor
roof

olfactory epithelium

Question 9

general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:

the respiratory epithelium consists of ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium w/ ___ cells

the underlying lamina propria contains numerous ___ glands

Answer 9

goblet cells

seromucous glands

Question 10

general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:

the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities is continuous w/ that of the ___, the ___ air sinuses, & the ___ of the eye via the ___ duct & ___

Answer 10

nasopharynx
paranasal air sinuses
conjunctiva of the eye
nasolacrimal duct
lacrimal canaliculi

Question 11

general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:

the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities is very thick & very vascular especially over the ___ presenting what is referred to as a ___ plexus

the mucous secretions & rich blood supply serve to ___ & ___ the air

Answer 11

conchae
cavernous plexus

warm & humidify

Question 12

general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:

the mucous film is continually moved toward the ___ by ___ action

the movement continues moving the mucous & entrapped particles to the ___ for swallowing

b/c of its vascularity, the nasal mucous membrane becomes easily ___ & when this is combined w/ increased secretion of mucous, a ___ nose results

Answer 12

nasopharynx
ciliray action

oropharynx

swollen
stuffed-up

Question 13

general regions of the nasal cavities:
olfactory region:

contains a highly specialized epithelium containing the ___ receptors for ___ sensation

olfactory epithelium is much (thicker/thinner) than typical respiratory epithelium

Answer 13

peripheral receptors
olfactory sensation

thicker

Question 14

general regions of the nasal cavities:
olfactory region:

it lines the (dorsal/ventral) parts of the nasal cavities including the:

• upper posterior parts of the lateral (dorsal/ventral) wall
• back of the superior nasal ___
• ___ recess
• upper part of the ___
• roof of the ___

Answer 14

dorsal wall
nasal concha
sphenoethmoidal recess
nasal septum
roof of the nose

Question 15

general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
nasal conchae:

three shelf-like projections of the lateral wall (3)

the ___ & ___ conchae are parts of the ___ bone

the ___ conha is a separate bone

Answer 15

superior
middle
inferior

superior & middle
ethmoid bone

inferior concha

Question 16

general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
meatuses:

spaces (above/beneath) the conchae (3)

Answer 16

beneath

superior
middle
inferior

Question 17

general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
sphenoethmoidal recess:

the space (above/beneath) the (superior/middle/inferior) nasal concha

Answer 17

above

superior

Question 18

general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities (3)

Answer 18

nasal conchae
meatuses
sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 19

special features of the lateral nasal wall (3)

Answer 19

ethmoid bulla
semilunar hiatus (hiatus semilunaris)
infundibulum

Question 20

special features of the lateral nasal wall:
ethmoid bulla:

rounded (elevation/depression) of the ___ bone below & behind the (superior/middle/inferior) nasal concha

contains the ___ cells

Answer 20

elevation
ethmoid bone
middle nasal concha

middle ethmoid air cells

Question 21

special features of the lateral nasal wall:
semilunar hiatus (hiatus semilunaris):

semicircular groove below the ___

formed by the mucosa as it spans a defect in the wall b/n the ___ & the ___ process below

Answer 21

ethmoid bulla

ethmoid bulla
uncinate process

Question 22

special features of the lateral nasal wall:
infundibulum:

funnel-shaped anterior end of the ___

it curves upward & continues as the ___ duct through the anterior end of the ___ to open into the ___ sinus

Answer 22

hiatus semilunaris

frontonasal duct
ethmoidal labyrinth
frontal sinus

Question 23

gateways into the nasal cavities:

___ of the ___ bone
___ foramen
___ canal
(large/small) foramina in the (medial/lateral) wall

Answer 23

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
sphenopalatine foramen
incisive canal
small foramina in the lateral wall

Question 24

gateways into the nasal cavities:
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone:

the fibers of the ___ nerve exit the nasal cavity & enter the ___ cavity through perforations in the cribriform plate

there is also a connection in some individuals b/n ___ veins & the ___ sinus through the ___

Answer 24

olfactory nerve
cranial cavity

nasal veins
superior sagittal sinus
foramen cecum

Question 25

gateways into the nasal cavities: sphenopalatine foramen: one of the most important routes by which nerves & vessels enter & leave the ___ it lies just superior to the attachment of the (anterior/posterior) end of the ___

Answer 25

nasal cavity posterior end middle nasal concha

Question 26

gateways into the nasal cavities: sphenopalatine foramen: major structures traversing the foramen: - ___ artery (from ___ artery) - ___ nerve (from ___ nerve) - ___ nerves (from ___ nerve)

Answer 26

sphenopalatine artery (from maxillary artery) nasopalatine nerve (from maxillary nerve (V2)) upper posteiror nasal nerves (from maxillary nerve (V2))

Question 27

gateways into the nasal cavities: incisive canal: lies immediately lateral to the ___ & opens into the ___ fossa in the roof of the ___ cavity major structures traversing the foramen: - ___ nerve - ___ artery

Answer 27

nasal septum incisive fossa oral cavity nasopalatine nerve greater palatine artery (terminal branch)

Question 28

gateways into the nasal cavities: small foramina in the lateral wall: a number of un-named routes allow passage of the following: - branches of the ___ nerve - ___ branches enter from the ___ canal

Answer 28

branches of the infraorbital nerve lower posterior nasal branches greater palatine canal

Question 29

``` vessels of the nasal cavities four arteries (4) ```

Answer 29

sphenopalatine artery grater palatine artery branches of the facial artery anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 30

vessels of the nasal cavities: sphenopalatine artery: this is the (smallest/largest) vessels supplying the nasal cavity & is the terminal branch of the ___ artery it enters the nasal cavity through the ___ foramen & anastomoses freely w/ branches of the: - ___ & ___ arteries - ___ artery - ___ artery

Answer 30

largest maxillary artery sphenopalatine foramen - anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries - facial artery - greater palatine artery

Question 31

vessels of the nasal cavities: greater palatine artery: the terminal end of the greater palatine artery enters the nasal cavity via the ___ fossa & anastomoses w/ a branch of the ___ artery it supplies the (anterior/posterior) (lateral/medial) wall & adjacent (roof/floor) of the nasal cavity

Answer 31

incisive fossa sphenopalatine artery anterior medial wall floor

Question 32

vessels of the nasal cavities: branches of the facial artery: these branches anastomose freely w/ branches of the ___ & ___ arteries in the anterior part of the nose

Answer 32

greater palatine & sphenopalatine arteries

Question 33

vessels of the nasal cavities: anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries: originate in the ___ form the ___ artery, which itself is a branch of the ___ artery enter the ___ cavity immediately lateral & superior to the ___ of the ___ bone

Answer 33

orbit ophthalmic artery internal carotid artery cranial cavity cribriform plate ethmoid bone

Question 34

vessels of the nasal cavities: posterior ethmoidal artery: descends into the ___ cavity through the ___ of the ___ bone supplies the upper parts of the ___ & ___ walls

Answer 34

nasal cavity cribriform plate ethmoid bone medial & lateral walls

Question 35

vessels of the nasal cavities: anterior ethmoidal artery: follows the course of the ___ nerve its branches supply the ___ & ___ walls of the anterior nasal cavity continues forward & emerges on the surface of the nose as the ___ artery branch w/ the ___ nerve

Answer 35

anterior ethmoidal nerve septal & lateral walls external nasal artery external nasal nerve