The Nasal Cavities I Flashcards
nasal cavities:
the two nasal cavities are the (uppermost/lowermost) part of the ___ tract
they are elongated, wedge-shaped spaces w/ a (small/large) inferior base & a (narrower/wider) superior apex
uppermost
respiratory
large
narrower
nasal cavities:
held open by an extensive ___ framework of ___ & ___
the smaller anterior regions are enclosed by the ___ whereas the larger posterior regions are more ___ within the ___
skeletal
bone & cartilage
nose
central
skull
nasal cavities:
the anterior apertures are the ___ opening into the inferior surface of the ___
the posterior apertures are the ___ opening into the ___
nares
nose
choanae
nasopharynx
nasal cavities are separated:
from each other by the ___
from the oral cavity below the ___
from the cranial cavity above by parts of the ___, ___, & ___ bones
nasal septum
hard palate
frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones
general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:
slightly expanded (anterior/posterior) part of the nasal passage just inside the ___
its lumen is lined w/ a continuation of ___ from the surface consisting of kiratinized, stratified squamous ___
anterior
nares
skin
epithelium
general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:
the inferior region contains ___ & ___ glands & stiff ___ (___), which filter dust & debris from the air
limited above & behind by a curved ridge, the ___
sweat & sebaceous glands
hairs (vibrissae)
limen nasi
general regions of the nasal cavities:
vestibule:
at the limen nasi, there is a transition from ___ epithelium to ___ epithelium of the respiratory rgion
stratified squamous epithelium
respiratory epithelium
general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:
forms most of the surface of the nasal cavities & so covers the: (4)
except the area of: (1)
conchae
meatuses
floor
roof
olfactory epithelium
general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:
the respiratory epithelium consists of ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium w/ ___ cells
the underlying lamina propria contains numerous ___ glands
goblet cells
seromucous glands
general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:
the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities is continuous w/ that of the ___, the ___ air sinuses, & the ___ of the eye via the ___ duct & ___
nasopharynx paranasal air sinuses conjunctiva of the eye nasolacrimal duct lacrimal canaliculi
general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:
the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities is very thick & very vascular especially over the ___ presenting what is referred to as a ___ plexus
the mucous secretions & rich blood supply serve to ___ & ___ the air
conchae
cavernous plexus
warm & humidify
general regions of the nasal cavities:
respiratory region:
the mucous film is continually moved toward the ___ by ___ action
the movement continues moving the mucous & entrapped particles to the ___ for swallowing
b/c of its vascularity, the nasal mucous membrane becomes easily ___ & when this is combined w/ increased secretion of mucous, a ___ nose results
nasopharynx
ciliray action
oropharynx
swollen
stuffed-up
general regions of the nasal cavities:
olfactory region:
contains a highly specialized epithelium containing the ___ receptors for ___ sensation
olfactory epithelium is much (thicker/thinner) than typical respiratory epithelium
peripheral receptors
olfactory sensation
thicker
general regions of the nasal cavities:
olfactory region:
it lines the (dorsal/ventral) parts of the nasal cavities including the:
- upper posterior parts of the lateral (dorsal/ventral) wall
- back of the superior nasal ___
- ___ recess
- upper part of the ___
- roof of the ___
dorsal wall nasal concha sphenoethmoidal recess nasal septum roof of the nose
general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
nasal conchae:
three shelf-like projections of the lateral wall (3)
the ___ & ___ conchae are parts of the ___ bone
the ___ conha is a separate bone
superior
middle
inferior
superior & middle
ethmoid bone
inferior concha
general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
meatuses:
spaces (above/beneath) the conchae (3)
beneath
superior
middle
inferior
general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities:
sphenoethmoidal recess:
the space (above/beneath) the (superior/middle/inferior) nasal concha
above
superior
general features of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities (3)
nasal conchae
meatuses
sphenoethmoidal recess
special features of the lateral nasal wall (3)
ethmoid bulla
semilunar hiatus (hiatus semilunaris)
infundibulum
special features of the lateral nasal wall:
ethmoid bulla:
rounded (elevation/depression) of the ___ bone below & behind the (superior/middle/inferior) nasal concha
contains the ___ cells
elevation
ethmoid bone
middle nasal concha
middle ethmoid air cells
special features of the lateral nasal wall: semilunar hiatus (hiatus semilunaris):
semicircular groove below the ___
formed by the mucosa as it spans a defect in the wall b/n the ___ & the ___ process below
ethmoid bulla
ethmoid bulla
uncinate process
special features of the lateral nasal wall:
infundibulum:
funnel-shaped anterior end of the ___
it curves upward & continues as the ___ duct through the anterior end of the ___ to open into the ___ sinus
hiatus semilunaris
frontonasal duct
ethmoidal labyrinth
frontal sinus
gateways into the nasal cavities:
___ of the ___ bone
___ foramen
___ canal
(large/small) foramina in the (medial/lateral) wall
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
sphenopalatine foramen
incisive canal
small foramina in the lateral wall
gateways into the nasal cavities:
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone:
the fibers of the ___ nerve exit the nasal cavity & enter the ___ cavity through perforations in the cribriform plate
there is also a connection in some individuals b/n ___ veins & the ___ sinus through the ___
olfactory nerve
cranial cavity
nasal veins
superior sagittal sinus
foramen cecum
gateways into the nasal cavities:
sphenopalatine foramen:
one of the most important routes by which nerves & vessels enter & leave the ___
it lies just superior to the attachment of the (anterior/posterior) end of the ___
nasal cavity
posterior end
middle nasal concha
gateways into the nasal cavities:
sphenopalatine foramen:
major structures traversing the foramen:
- ___ artery (from ___ artery)
- ___ nerve (from ___ nerve)
- ___ nerves (from ___ nerve)
sphenopalatine artery (from maxillary artery)
nasopalatine nerve (from maxillary nerve (V2))
upper posteiror nasal nerves (from maxillary nerve (V2))
gateways into the nasal cavities:
incisive canal:
lies immediately lateral to the ___ & opens into the ___ fossa in the roof of the ___ cavity
major structures traversing the foramen:
- ___ nerve
- ___ artery
nasal septum
incisive fossa
oral cavity
nasopalatine nerve
greater palatine artery (terminal branch)
gateways into the nasal cavities:
small foramina in the lateral wall:
a number of un-named routes allow passage of the following:
- branches of the ___ nerve
- ___ branches enter from the ___ canal
branches of the infraorbital nerve
lower posterior nasal branches
greater palatine canal
vessels of the nasal cavities four arteries (4)
sphenopalatine artery
grater palatine artery
branches of the facial artery
anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries
vessels of the nasal cavities:
sphenopalatine artery:
this is the (smallest/largest) vessels supplying the nasal cavity & is the terminal branch of the ___ artery
it enters the nasal cavity through the ___ foramen & anastomoses freely w/ branches of the:
- ___ & ___ arteries
- ___ artery
- ___ artery
largest
maxillary artery
sphenopalatine foramen
- anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries
- facial artery
- greater palatine artery
vessels of the nasal cavities:
greater palatine artery:
the terminal end of the greater palatine artery enters the nasal cavity via the ___ fossa & anastomoses w/ a branch of the ___ artery
it supplies the (anterior/posterior) (lateral/medial) wall & adjacent (roof/floor) of the nasal cavity
incisive fossa
sphenopalatine artery
anterior medial wall
floor
vessels of the nasal cavities:
branches of the facial artery:
these branches anastomose freely w/ branches of the ___ & ___ arteries in the anterior part of the nose
greater palatine & sphenopalatine arteries
vessels of the nasal cavities:
anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries:
originate in the ___ form the ___ artery, which itself is a branch of the ___ artery
enter the ___ cavity immediately lateral & superior to the ___ of the ___ bone
orbit
ophthalmic artery
internal carotid artery
cranial cavity
cribriform plate
ethmoid bone
vessels of the nasal cavities:
posterior ethmoidal artery:
descends into the ___ cavity through the ___ of the ___ bone
supplies the upper parts of the ___ & ___ walls
nasal cavity
cribriform plate
ethmoid bone
medial & lateral walls
vessels of the nasal cavities:
anterior ethmoidal artery:
follows the course of the ___ nerve
its branches supply the ___ & ___ walls of the anterior nasal cavity
continues forward & emerges on the surface of the nose as the ___ artery branch w/ the ___ nerve
anterior ethmoidal nerve
septal & lateral walls
external nasal artery
external nasal nerve
