Joints of the Lower Limb II Flashcards
the knee joint:
the menisci:
wedge-shaped semilunar pieces of ___
attached to the ___ area of the ___ medially
attached to the ___ laterally
fibrocartilage
interocondylar area of the tibia
fibrous capsule
the knee joint: cruciate ligaments (2)
anterior
posterior
the knee joint:
anterior cruciate ligament:
attached to the ___ area of the ___
passes upward, backward, & laterally to be attached to the (anterior/posterior) part of the (medial/lateral) surface of the ___
anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
posterior part
medial surface
lateral femoral condyle
the knee joint:
anterior cruciate ligament:
extended leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___
flexed leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___
posterior
femur on tibia
anterior
tibia
the knee joint:
posterior cruciate ligament:
attached to the ___ area of the ___
passes upward, forward, & medially to be attached to the (anterior/posterior) part of the (medial/lateral) surface of the ___
posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
anterior part
lateral surface
medial femoral condyle
the knee joint:
posterior cruciate ligament:
extended leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___
flexed leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___
anterior
femur on the tibia
posterior
tibia
the knee joint:
extension of the leg:
round ___ role forward like wheel on the ground
___ ligament becomes tensed which inhibits forward movement of the ___
femoral condyles
posterior cruciate ligament
femur
the knee joint:
extension of the leg:
further extension of the leg is accompanied by ___ of the ___
results in tightening of all of the ligaments & knee becomes a mechanically rigid structure: “___”
medial rotation of the femur
“screwing home movement”
the knee joint:
flexion of the leg:
ligaments must first be (tensed/relaxed)
accomplished by the ___ muscle (laterally rotates the femur or medially rotates the tibia): “___”
relaxed
popliteus muscle
“unlocking the knee joint”
muscles for movements of the knee joint:
flexion (6)
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus gracilis sartorius popliteus
muscles for movements of the knee joint:
extension (1)
quadriceps femoris
muscles for movements of the knee joint: medial rotation (4)
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
muscles for movements of the knee joint: lateral rotation (1)
biceps femoris
damage to the knee joint:
tears of the ___ ligament are common when excessive force is applied to the joint
often accompanied by damage to other knee structures (2)
tears of the ___ are much less common
anterior cruciate ligament
tibial collateral ligament
medial meniscus
posterior cruciate ligament
damage to the knee joint:
w/ a torn anterior cruciate ligament, the tibia can be pulled excessively (forward/backward) on the femur when the leg is flexed at the knee joint: “___”
w/ a torn posterior cruciate ligament, the tibia can be pulled excessively (forward/backward) on the femur when the leg is flexed at the knee joint: “___”
forward
“anterior drawer sign”
backward
“posterior drawer sign”
damage to the knee joint:
the medial meniscus is damaged much (more/less) frequently than the lateral meniscus owing to its (strong/weak) attachment tot he ___ ligament
more
strong
tibial collateral ligament
damage to the knee joint:
“unhappy triad of knee injuries” (3)
common injury in ___
tearing of tibial collateral ligament
tearing of medial meniscus
tearing of anterior cruciate ligament
football
ankle joint:
articulations (2)
allows ___ & ___
most stabile during ___
distal ends of tibia & fibula (plus malleoli)
trochlea of talus
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
dorsiflexion
ankle joint:
ligaments (2)
medial (deltoid) ligament
lateral ligament
ankle joint:
medial (deltoid) ligament:
(stronger/weaker) than other ankle joint ligament
stronger
ankle joint:
lateral ligament:
(stronger/weaker) than other ankle joint ligament
consists of three bands (3)
weaker
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular
ankle joint:
lateral ligament:
three bands:
anterior talofibular ligament: ___ to ___
calcaneofibular: ___ to ___
posterior talofibular: ___ to ___
lateral malleolus to talus
lateral malleolus to calcaneous
lateral malleolus to talus
movements of the ankle joint:
dorsiflexion (4)
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis lingus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
movements of the ankle joint: plantar flexion (8)
gastrocnemius soleus plantaris fibularis longus fibularis brevis tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
damage to the ankle joint:
___ sprains of the (medial/lateral) ankle
usually result from excessive ___ of the foot w/ ___ of the ankle
the ___ ligament is usually torn
the ___ ligament may also be torn
acute
lateral
inversion
plantar flexion
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
transverse tarsal joint & subtalar joints:
transverse tarsal joints refer to the ___ & ___ joints together
subtalar joint is the joint b/n the ___ & ___
main joints responsible for ___ & ___ of the ___
talocalcaneonavicular & clacaneocuboid joints
talus & calcaneus
eversion & inversion of the foot
arches of the foot:
medial longitudinal arches (5)
calcaneus talus navicular three cuneiforms medial three metatarsals
arches of the foot:
lateral longitudinal arches (3)
calcaneus
cuboid
lateral two metatarsals
arches of the foot:
transverse arches
cuboid
three cuneiforms
bases of the medial three metatarsals
maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot: main supports (4)
plantar calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament
long plantar ligament
short plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosismaintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot:
plantar calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament:
___ to ___
sustentaculaum tali to navicular bone
maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot:
long plantar ligament:
___ to ___
calcaneus to cuboid
maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot:
short plantar ligament:
___ to ___
calcaneus to cuboid
