Joints of the Lower Limb II

Question 1

the knee joint:
the menisci:

wedge-shaped semilunar pieces of ___

attached to the ___ area of the ___ medially

attached to the ___ laterally

Answer 1

fibrocartilage

interocondylar area of the tibia

fibrous capsule

Question 2

the knee joint:
cruciate ligaments (2)

Answer 2

anterior

posterior

Question 3

the knee joint:
anterior cruciate ligament:

attached to the ___ area of the ___

passes upward, backward, & laterally to be attached to the (anterior/posterior) part of the (medial/lateral) surface of the ___

Answer 3

anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

posterior part
medial surface
lateral femoral condyle

Question 4

the knee joint:
anterior cruciate ligament:

extended leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___

flexed leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___

Answer 4

posterior
femur on tibia

anterior
tibia

Question 5

the knee joint:
posterior cruciate ligament:

attached to the ___ area of the ___

passes upward, forward, & medially to be attached to the (anterior/posterior) part of the (medial/lateral) surface of the ___

Answer 5

posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

anterior part
lateral surface
medial femoral condyle

Question 6

the knee joint:
posterior cruciate ligament:

extended leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___

flexed leg: prevents (anterior/posterior) displacement of the ___

Answer 6

anterior
femur on the tibia

posterior
tibia

Question 7

the knee joint:
extension of the leg:

round ___ role forward like wheel on the ground

___ ligament becomes tensed which inhibits forward movement of the ___

Answer 7

femoral condyles

posterior cruciate ligament
femur

Question 8

the knee joint:
extension of the leg:

further extension of the leg is accompanied by ___ of the ___

results in tightening of all of the ligaments & knee becomes a mechanically rigid structure: “___”

Answer 8

medial rotation of the femur

“screwing home movement”

Question 9

the knee joint:
flexion of the leg:

ligaments must first be (tensed/relaxed)

accomplished by the ___ muscle (laterally rotates the femur or medially rotates the tibia): “___”

Answer 9

relaxed

popliteus muscle
“unlocking the knee joint”

Question 10

muscles for movements of the knee joint:

flexion (6)

Answer 10

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gracilis
sartorius
popliteus

Question 11

muscles for movements of the knee joint:

extension (1)

Answer 11

quadriceps femoris

Question 12

muscles for movements of the knee joint:
medial rotation (4)

Answer 12

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Question 13

muscles for movements of the knee joint:
lateral rotation (1)

Answer 13

biceps femoris

Question 14

damage to the knee joint:

tears of the ___ ligament are common when excessive force is applied to the joint

often accompanied by damage to other knee structures (2)

tears of the ___ are much less common

Answer 14

anterior cruciate ligament

tibial collateral ligament
medial meniscus

posterior cruciate ligament

Question 15

damage to the knee joint:

w/ a torn anterior cruciate ligament, the tibia can be pulled excessively (forward/backward) on the femur when the leg is flexed at the knee joint: “___”

w/ a torn posterior cruciate ligament, the tibia can be pulled excessively (forward/backward) on the femur when the leg is flexed at the knee joint: “___”

Answer 15

forward
“anterior drawer sign”

backward
“posterior drawer sign”

Question 16

damage to the knee joint:

the medial meniscus is damaged much (more/less) frequently than the lateral meniscus owing to its (strong/weak) attachment tot he ___ ligament

Answer 16

more
strong
tibial collateral ligament

Question 17

damage to the knee joint:

“unhappy triad of knee injuries” (3)

common injury in ___

Answer 17

tearing of tibial collateral ligament
tearing of medial meniscus
tearing of anterior cruciate ligament

football

Question 18

ankle joint:

articulations (2)

allows ___ & ___

most stabile during ___

Answer 18

distal ends of tibia & fibula (plus malleoli)
trochlea of talus

dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

dorsiflexion

Question 19

ankle joint:

ligaments (2)

Answer 19

medial (deltoid) ligament

lateral ligament

Question 20

ankle joint:
medial (deltoid) ligament:

(stronger/weaker) than other ankle joint ligament

Answer 20

stronger

Question 21

ankle joint:
lateral ligament:

(stronger/weaker) than other ankle joint ligament

consists of three bands (3)

Answer 21

weaker

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

Question 22

ankle joint:
lateral ligament:
three bands:

anterior talofibular ligament: ___ to ___

calcaneofibular: ___ to ___

posterior talofibular: ___ to ___

Answer 22

lateral malleolus to talus

lateral malleolus to calcaneous

lateral malleolus to talus

Question 23

movements of the ankle joint:

dorsiflexion (4)

Answer 23

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis lingus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

Question 24

movements of the ankle joint:
plantar flexion (8)

Answer 24

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

Question 25

damage to the ankle joint: ___ sprains of the (medial/lateral) ankle usually result from excessive ___ of the foot w/ ___ of the ankle the ___ ligament is usually torn the ___ ligament may also be torn

Answer 25

acute lateral inversion plantar flexion anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament

Question 26

transverse tarsal joint & subtalar joints: transverse tarsal joints refer to the ___ & ___ joints together subtalar joint is the joint b/n the ___ & ___ main joints responsible for ___ & ___ of the ___

Answer 26

talocalcaneonavicular & clacaneocuboid joints talus & calcaneus eversion & inversion of the foot

Question 27

arches of the foot: | medial longitudinal arches (5)

Answer 27

``` calcaneus talus navicular three cuneiforms medial three metatarsals ```

Question 28

arches of the foot: | lateral longitudinal arches (3)

Answer 28

calcaneus cuboid lateral two metatarsals

Question 29

arches of the foot: | transverse arches

Answer 29

cuboid three cuneiforms bases of the medial three metatarsals

Question 30

``` maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot: main supports (4) ```

Answer 30

``` plantar calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament long plantar ligament short plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis ```

Question 31

``` maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot: plantar calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament: ``` ___ to ___

Answer 31

sustentaculaum tali to navicular bone

Question 32

maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot: long plantar ligament: ___ to ___

Answer 32

calcaneus to cuboid

Question 33

maintenance of the integrity of the arches of the foot: short plantar ligament: ___ to ___

Answer 33

calcaneus to cuboid