Nerve Lesions of the Upper Limb Flashcards
axillary nerve:
can be injured by ___ of badly adjusted crutches or ___ dislocations
paralysis of the ___ & ___ muscles
loss of ___ sensation over the lower half of the ___ muslce
pressure
shoulder joint
deltoid
teres minor
cutaneous
deltoid
radial nerve:
injuries in the axilla:
can be injured by:
- ___ of badly adjusted crutches
- fractures & dislocation of the proximal ___
- by a drunkard falling asleep w/ one arm ___ (“___”)
pressure
humerus
over the back of a chair (“saturday night palsy”)
radial nerve:
injuries in the axilla:
muscles paralyzed: (3) & all ___ muscles
triceps
brachioradialis
supinator
extensors
radial nerve:
injuries in the axilla:
inability to extend the ___ joint or ___ joint
“___” or flexion of the ___ occurs b/c of the unapposed action of the ___
elbow
wrist
wristdrop
wrist
wrist flexors
radial nerve:
injuries in the axilla:
supination is still performed well by the ___ muscle
loss of sensation down the (anterior/posterior) surface of the (upper/lower) part of the arm & down a narrow strip on the (front/back) of the forearm
sensory loss on the lateral part of the ___ & dorsal surface of the ___ of the lateral ___
biceps brachii
posterior
lower
back
dorsum of the hand
roots of the lateral 3.5 fingers
radial nerve:
injuries in the radial groove:
fracture on the ___, prolonged ___ on the back of the arm
“___” or flexion of the ___ occurs b/c of the unapposed action of the ___
shaft of the humerus
pressure
wristdrop
wrist
wrist flexors
radial nerve:
injuries in the radial groove:
___ of the elbow may not be impaired (damage usually occurs below the level of the ___ branches)
loss of sensation on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the ___ & the dorsal surface of the ___ of the lateral ___
extension
triceps
hand
roots of the lateral 3.5 fingers
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
may be injured as the result of ___ fractures of the ___
paralyzed muscles:
- ___ of the forearm
- ___ of the wrist & fingers except ___ & medial 1/2 of the ___
- ___ of the hand
- first two ___
supracondylar
humerus
pronator long flexor flexor carpis ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus thenar lumbrical
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
the forearm is kept in the (supine/pronated) position (due to loss of (supinator/pronator) muscles)
wrist (flexion/extension) is weak & is accompanied by (abduction/adduction) due to paralysis of the flexor carpi radialis
supine
pronator
flexion
adduction
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
no flexion is possible at the ___ joints of the index & middle finger due to paralysis of the ___ & ___ muscles
the muscles of the ___ eminence are paralyzed & wasted so that the eminence is ___ & the hand looks “___”
interphalangeal joints
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
thenar eminence
flattened
“ape-like”
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
when the patient tries to make a fist, the index finger remains ___ & the middle finger ___
the ring & little finger ___ but are weakened by the loss of the ___(“___”)
straight
bends slightly
bend
flexor digitorum superficialis
“hand sign of papal benediction”
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
the thumb is (abducted/adducted)
inability to ___ the thumb
adducted
oppose
median nerve:
injuries in the elbow region:
skin sensation is lost on the ___ or less of the palm of the hand & the palmar aspect of the ___
sensory loss also occurs on the distal part of the dorsal surfaces of the ___
lateral half
lateral 3.5 fingers
lateral 3.5 fingers
median nerve:
injuries at the wrist:
most common site of injury where it lies in the interval b/n the tendons of the ___ & ___ muscles, overlapped by the ___ tendon
paralysis of the ___ muscles & first two ___
flexor carpi radialis
flexor digitorum superficialis
palmaris longus tendon
thenar
lumbricals
median nerve:
injuries at the wrist:
the ___ eminence is wasted & flattened
the thumb is (abducted/adducted)
inability to ___ the thumb
thenar
adducted
oppose
median nerve:
injuries at the wrist:
skin sensation is lost on the ___ or less of the palm of the hand & the palmar aspect of the ___
sensory loss also occurs on the distal part of the dorsal surfaces of the ___
lateral half
lateral 3.5 fingers
lateral 3.5 fingers
median nerve:
carpal tunnel syndrome:
caused by compression of the ___ nerve in the carpal tunnel
most common compression ___
syndrome consists of burning pain or “pins & needles” along the distribution of the ___ nerve to the ___ & weakness of the ___ muscles
median nerve
neuropathy
median nerve
lateral 3.5 fingers
thenar muscles
median nerve:
carpal tunnel syndrome:
excessive wrist ___ & ___ may exacerbate it
advanced cases may see progressive loss of strength & coordination of the ___
no sensory loss occurs of the ___ eminence b/c this area of skin is supplied by the ___ branch of the ___ nerve, which passes superficially to the ___
flexion & extension
thumb
thenar eminence
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve
flexor retinaculum
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
common sit of injury where it lies behind the ___
paralysis of the:
- ___ muscle
- medial 1/2 of the ___ muscle
- small muscles of the ___ except the ___ muscles
- first two ___ muscles
medial epicondyle
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
hand, thenar
lumbrical
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
wrist ___ is weak & is accompanied by ___ due to paralysis of the flexor carpi ulnaris
flattening of the medial part of the forearm due to wasting of the ___ muscle & medial 1/2 of the ___ muscle
flexion
abduction
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
___ & ___ of the fingers is not possible & the patient cannot grasp a piece of paper placed b/n the fingers due to paralysis of the ___ muslces
it is impossible to ___ the thumb due to paralysis of the ___
abduction & adduction
interosseous muscles
adduct
adductor pollicis
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
hyperextension of the ___ (___) joints due to unopposed action of the ___ b/c of paralysis of the ___ muscles & ___ 3 & 4
metacarpophalangeal (knuckle)
extensor digitorum
interosseous
lumbricals
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
flexion of the ___ joints due to unopposed action of the ___ & lateral 1/2 of the ___ b/c of paralysis of the ___ muscles & ___ 3 & 4
interphalangeal flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus interosseous lumbircals
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
b/c the 1st & 2nd ___ are not paralyzed (___ nerve), hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints & flexion of the interphalangeal joints are most extensive in the ___ & ___ fingers
lumbricals
median nerve
4th & 5th
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the elbow:
the hand assumes a characteristic “___” deformity
wasting of the muscles results in flattening of the ___ eminence
loss of skin sensation over the anterior & posterior surfaces of the medial ___ & the medial ___
claw
hypothenar eminence
1/3 of the hand
1.5 fingers
ulnar nerve:
injuries at the wrist:
the small muscles of the hand will be paralyzed & show wasting except for the muscles of the ___ eminence & the first two ___ muscles
the “___” is much more obvious b/c the ___ is not paralyzed & marked flexion of the ___ occurs
loss of skin sensation will occur over the anterior & posterior surfaces of the medial ___ & the medial ___
thenar eminence
lumbrical
clawhand
flexor digitorum profundus
terminal phalanges
1/3 of the hand
1.5 fingers
