The Pharynx

Question 1

phraynx:
communications:

• superiorly w/ the ___ cavity via the ___
• anteriorly w/ the ___ cavity
• laterally w/ the ___ cavity via the ___ (aka ___) tubes
• anteroinferioly w/ the ___ via the ___
• posteroinferiorly w/ the ___ as a direct continuation

Answer 1

• nasal cavity via the choanae
• oral cavity
• middle ear cavity via the pharngotympanic (aka eustachian, pharyngeal, auditory) tubes
• larynx via the aditus
• esophagus

Question 2

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:

from the ___ to the tip of the ___ & ___ (____

Answer 2

nasal choana
tip of the uvula
soft palate (velum)

Question 3

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:
landmarks:

the opening of the ___ (___) tube
the ___ fold
the ___ (___)
the ___

Answer 3

pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharngeal tonsisls (adenoids)
tubal tonisls

Question 4

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:

from the ___ arch, ___ (___), & ___ to the ___

Answer 4

palatoglossal arch
soft palate (velum)
uvula
epiglottis

Question 5

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:
landmarks:

___ arch
___ fossa
___
___

Answer 5

palatopharyngeal arch
tonsillar fossa
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils

Question 6

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:

from the level of the ___ to the ___ vertebrae that’s posterior to the ___

Answer 6

C4 to C6

larynx

Question 7

pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:
landmarks:

___
___ folds
___ recesses

Answer 7

epiglottis
aryepiglottic folds
piriform recesses

Question 8

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three external, circular, ___ muscles (3)

Answer 8

constrictor

• superior constrictor muscle
• middle constrictor muscle
• inferior constrictor muscle

Question 9

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
superior constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ plate

inserts posteriorly into the ___

Answer 9

medial pterygoid plate

median pharyngela raphe

Question 10

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
middle constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ & ___ of the ___ bone

inserts into the ___

Answer 10

lesser & greater cornu (horns) of the hyoid bone

median pharyngeal raphe

Question 11

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
inferior constrictor muscle:

originates from the ___ cartilages

inserts posteriorly into the ___

Answer 11

thyroid cartilages

median pharyngeal raphe

Question 12

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three external, circular, constrictor muscles:

all supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves (formed by ___ sensory branches of the ___ nerve, motor branches form the ___ nerve, & sympathetic branches from the ___ ganglion)

action: function to (dilate/constrict) the ___ during swallowing & propel food into the ___

Answer 12

pharyngeal plexus
pharyngeal sensory
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
superior cervical ganglion

constrict the pharynx
esophagus

Question 13

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three internal, longitudinal ___ muscles (3)

Answer 13

suspensory

• stylopharyngeus muscle
• palatopharyngeus muscle
• salpingopharyngeus muscle

Question 14

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
stylopharyngeus muscle:

originates on the medial side of the base of the ___ process

inserts on the posterior border of the ___

Answer 14

styloid process

thyroid cartilage

Question 15

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
palatopharyngeus muscle:

originates from the posterior border of the ___

inserts on the posterior border of the ___ & the side of the ___ & ___

Answer 15

hard palate

thyroid cartilage
pharynx
esophagus

Question 16

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
salpingopharyngeus muscle:

originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the fibers of the ___ & ___ muscles on the posterior border of the ___

Answer 16

eustachian tube

stylopharyngeus & palatopharyngeus muscles
thyroid cartilage

Question 17

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three internal, longitudinal suspensory muscles:

stylopharyngeus muscle supplied by the ___ nerve

palatopharyngeus & salpingopharyngeus muscles supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves

action: they function to (elevate/depress) the ___ during speaking & (raise/lower) & (expand/contract) the ___ during swallowing

Answer 17

glossopharyngeal nerve

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

elevate the larynx
raise & expand the pharynx

Question 18

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:

three ___(___) muscles (3)

Answer 18

soft palate (velar)

• tensor veli palatine muscle
• levator veli palitini muscle
• musculus uvulae muscle

Question 19

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
tensor veli palatine muscle:

originates on the ___ fossa of the ___ & cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

Answer 19

scaphoid fossa
medial pterygoid plate
eustachian tube

palatine aponeurosis
middle

Question 20

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
levator veli palitini muscle:

originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

Answer 20

eustachian tube

palatine aponeurosis
middle

Question 21

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
musculus uvulae muscle:

originates on posterior ___

inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate

Answer 21

nasal spine

palatine aponeurosis
tip

Question 22

pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:

the tensor veli palatine muscle is supplied by the ___ nerve

the levator veli palitini & the musculus uvulae muscles are supplied by the ___ nerves

action: they (tense/relax) & (elevate/depress) the ___ & ___ during swallowing & yawning

Answer 22

mandibular

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

tense & elevate
velum & uvula

Question 23

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the first stage:

(voluntary/involuntary) when the bolus is pushed from the ___ into the ___ by movements of the tongue

Answer 23

voluntary
mouth
oropharynx

Question 24

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

(voluntary/involuntary) & (rapid/slow)

___- like contractions & movements of the ___ muscles & the ___ muscles move the bolus through the ___ & ___ into the ___

Answer 24

involuntary & rapid

peristaltic-like
circular, constrictor muscles
longitudinal, internal pharyngeal muscles
oropharynx & laryngopharynx
esophagus

Question 25

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the bolus is prevented from entering the naospharynx by raising the ___ (___) against the posterior wall of the ___ by the ___, ___, & ___ muscles

Answer 25

soft palate (velum)
nasopharynx
tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine, & musculus uvulae muscles

Question 26

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the bolus is also prevented from going into the larynx & trachea by raising the ___ bone & the ___ cartilages through the actions of the ___ muscles & the ___ & ___ muscles

Answer 26

hyoid bone
thyroid cartilages
suprahyoid muscles
palatopharyngeus & stylopharyngeus muscles

Question 27

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

by raising the thyroid cartilage, the ___ is bent posteroinferioly over the opening (___) of the ___ which deepens the ___ folds

Answer 27

epiglottis
aditus
larynx
aryepiglottic folds

Question 28

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:

the aryepiglottic folds provide channels that guide the bolus posterolateral around the ___ to the ___

Answer 28

larynx

esophagus

Question 29

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:

squeezes the bolus from the ___ into the ___ through the action of the ___ muscle

Answer 29

laryngopharynx
esophagus
inferior constrictor muscle

Question 30

the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:

the ___ waves of the longitudinal & circumferential fibers of the (cardiac/skeletal/smooth) muscle lining the ___ & remaining ___ will continue to move the bolus for digestion, absorption, & expulsion

Answer 30

peristaltic waves
smooth muscle
esophagus
digestive tract