The Pharynx Flashcards
phraynx:
communications:
- superiorly w/ the ___ cavity via the ___
- anteriorly w/ the ___ cavity
- laterally w/ the ___ cavity via the ___ (aka ___) tubes
- anteroinferioly w/ the ___ via the ___
- posteroinferiorly w/ the ___ as a direct continuation
- nasal cavity via the choanae
- oral cavity
- middle ear cavity via the pharngotympanic (aka eustachian, pharyngeal, auditory) tubes
- larynx via the aditus
- esophagus
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:
from the ___ to the tip of the ___ & ___ (____
nasal choana
tip of the uvula
soft palate (velum)
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
nasopharyx:
landmarks:
the opening of the ___ (___) tube
the ___ fold
the ___ (___)
the ___
pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharngeal tonsisls (adenoids)
tubal tonisls
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:
from the ___ arch, ___ (___), & ___ to the ___
palatoglossal arch
soft palate (velum)
uvula
epiglottis
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
oropharynx:
landmarks:
___ arch
___ fossa
___
___
palatopharyngeal arch
tonsillar fossa
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:
from the level of the ___ to the ___ vertebrae that’s posterior to the ___
C4 to C6
larynx
pharyngeal regions & landmarks:
laryngopharynx:
landmarks:
___
___ folds
___ recesses
epiglottis
aryepiglottic folds
piriform recesses
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three external, circular, ___ muscles (3)
constrictor
- superior constrictor muscle
- middle constrictor muscle
- inferior constrictor muscle
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
superior constrictor muscle:
originates from the ___ plate
inserts posteriorly into the ___
medial pterygoid plate
median pharyngela raphe
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
middle constrictor muscle:
originates from the ___ & ___ of the ___ bone
inserts into the ___
lesser & greater cornu (horns) of the hyoid bone
median pharyngeal raphe
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
inferior constrictor muscle:
originates from the ___ cartilages
inserts posteriorly into the ___
thyroid cartilages
median pharyngeal raphe
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three external, circular, constrictor muscles:
all supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves (formed by ___ sensory branches of the ___ nerve, motor branches form the ___ nerve, & sympathetic branches from the ___ ganglion)
action: function to (dilate/constrict) the ___ during swallowing & propel food into the ___
pharyngeal plexus pharyngeal sensory glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve superior cervical ganglion
constrict the pharynx
esophagus
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three internal, longitudinal ___ muscles (3)
suspensory
- stylopharyngeus muscle
- palatopharyngeus muscle
- salpingopharyngeus muscle
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
stylopharyngeus muscle:
originates on the medial side of the base of the ___ process
inserts on the posterior border of the ___
styloid process
thyroid cartilage
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
palatopharyngeus muscle:
originates from the posterior border of the ___
inserts on the posterior border of the ___ & the side of the ___ & ___
hard palate
thyroid cartilage
pharynx
esophagus
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
suspensory muscles:
salpingopharyngeus muscle:
originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___
inserts on the fibers of the ___ & ___ muscles on the posterior border of the ___
eustachian tube
stylopharyngeus & palatopharyngeus muscles
thyroid cartilage
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three internal, longitudinal suspensory muscles:
stylopharyngeus muscle supplied by the ___ nerve
palatopharyngeus & salpingopharyngeus muscles supplied by the ___ plexus of nerves
action: they function to (elevate/depress) the ___ during speaking & (raise/lower) & (expand/contract) the ___ during swallowing
glossopharyngeal nerve
pharyngeal plexus of nerves
elevate the larynx
raise & expand the pharynx
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
three ___(___) muscles (3)
soft palate (velar)
- tensor veli palatine muscle
- levator veli palitini muscle
- musculus uvulae muscle
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
tensor veli palatine muscle:
originates on the ___ fossa of the ___ & cartilaginous portion of the ___
inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate
scaphoid fossa
medial pterygoid plate
eustachian tube
palatine aponeurosis
middle
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
levator veli palitini muscle:
originates on the cartilaginous portion of the ___
inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate
eustachian tube
palatine aponeurosis
middle
pharyngeal musculature & innervation:
soft palate (velar) muscles:
musculus uvulae muscle:
originates on posterior ___
inserts on the ___ in the (middle/tip) of the soft palate
nasal spine
palatine aponeurosis
tip
pharyngeal musculature & innervation: soft palate (velar) muscles:
the tensor veli palatine muscle is supplied by the ___ nerve
the levator veli palitini & the musculus uvulae muscles are supplied by the ___ nerves
action: they (tense/relax) & (elevate/depress) the ___ & ___ during swallowing & yawning
mandibular
pharyngeal plexus of nerves
tense & elevate
velum & uvula
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the first stage:
(voluntary/involuntary) when the bolus is pushed from the ___ into the ___ by movements of the tongue
voluntary
mouth
oropharynx
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:
(voluntary/involuntary) & (rapid/slow)
___- like contractions & movements of the ___ muscles & the ___ muscles move the bolus through the ___ & ___ into the ___
involuntary & rapid
peristaltic-like circular, constrictor muscles longitudinal, internal pharyngeal muscles oropharynx & laryngopharynx esophagus
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:
the bolus is prevented from entering the naospharynx by raising the ___ (___) against the posterior wall of the ___ by the ___, ___, & ___ muscles
soft palate (velum)
nasopharynx
tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine, & musculus uvulae muscles
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:
the bolus is also prevented from going into the larynx & trachea by raising the ___ bone & the ___ cartilages through the actions of the ___ muscles & the ___ & ___ muscles
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilages
suprahyoid muscles
palatopharyngeus & stylopharyngeus muscles
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:
by raising the thyroid cartilage, the ___ is bent posteroinferioly over the opening (___) of the ___ which deepens the ___ folds
epiglottis
aditus
larynx
aryepiglottic folds
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the second stage:
the aryepiglottic folds provide channels that guide the bolus posterolateral around the ___ to the ___
larynx
esophagus
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:
squeezes the bolus from the ___ into the ___ through the action of the ___ muscle
laryngopharynx
esophagus
inferior constrictor muscle
the pharynx:
deglutition (swallowing):
the third stage:
the ___ waves of the longitudinal & circumferential fibers of the (cardiac/skeletal/smooth) muscle lining the ___ & remaining ___ will continue to move the bolus for digestion, absorption, & expulsion
peristaltic waves
smooth muscle
esophagus
digestive tract
