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Structure and Function Test 1 > The forearm, wrist, and hand > Flashcards

The forearm, wrist, and hand Flashcards

1
Q

The forearm extends from the elbow joint to the wrist joint and consists of which two bones?

A

Radius and Ulna

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2
Q

Stretched between the radius and ulna and divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

The forearm is innervated by terminal nerves from the brachial plexus. Terminal nerves comprised of ANTERIOR division nerve fibers innervate

A

Flexor muscles

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4
Q

The forearm is innervated by terminal nerves from the brachial plexus. Terminal nerves comprised of POSTERIOR division nerve fibers innervate

A

Extensor muscles

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5
Q

The primary function of the anterior forearm is

A

Pronation and wrist and digit flexion

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6
Q

The primary nerve of the anterior forearm is the

A

Median nerve

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7
Q

The primary blood supply to the anterior forearm is the

A

Radial and Ulnar arteries

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8
Q

The primary function of the posterior forearm is

A

Supination and wrist and digit extension

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9
Q

The primary nerve of the posterior forearm is the

A

Deep radial nerve

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10
Q

The primary blood supply of the posterior forearm is the

A

Posterior interosseous artery

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11
Q

The radius and ulna articulate proximlly with the humerus and with eachother and distally with

A

Two carpel bones

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12
Q

Within the forearm, the radius and ulna articulate via the

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints (synovial) and the Interosseous membrane (fibrous joint)

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13
Q

The movements allowed at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints are

A

Pronation: crossing radius over the ulna
and
Supination: placing the forearm in the anatomical position

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14
Q

At the distal forearm and wrist articulation, the radius articulates with scaphoid and lunate carpel bones via synovial

A

Radiocarpel joints (synovial)

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15
Q

The radiocarpel joints are supported by

A

Radiocarpel ligaments and collateral ligamnets

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16
Q

Clinically, radiocarpel joints are relevant for

A

Disslocation and/or fracture caused by fall on outstretched hand

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17
Q

Which bone is commonly fractured in radiocarpel injuries?

A

Scaphoid bone

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18
Q

Structures of the anterior forearm are located anterior to the

A

Interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Anterior forearm muscles are arranged in which three layers

A
  1. ) Superficial
  2. ) Intermediate
  3. ) Deep
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20
Q

What is the function of the anterior forearm muscles located in the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers?

A
  1. ) Superficial: forearm pronation and wrist felxion
  2. ) Intermediate: digit flexion
  3. ) Deep: forearm pronation and digit flexion
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21
Q

Deeper muscles act more

A

Distally

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22
Q

Muscles of the forearm stabilize proximal joints to enable other muscles to function more distally, i.e. they act as

A

Synergists

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23
Q

Innervate all but one and one-half of the anterior forearm muscles

A

Median nerve and its anterior interosseous branch

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24
Q

Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

A

Ulnar nerve

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25
Q

Blood supply to the anterior forearm is supplied by the

A

Radial, ulnar, and anterior interosseous arteries

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26
Q

What are the 5 superficial and intermediate anterior forearm muscles?

A
  1. ) Pronator Teres
  2. ) Flexor carpi radialis
  3. ) Palmaris Longus
  4. ) Flexor carpi ulnaris
  5. ) Flexor digitorum superficialis
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27
Q

PROXIMALLY, the pronator teres and flexor carpi ulnaris attach to the

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna

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28
Q

DISTALLY, the pronator teres attaches to the

A

Radius

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29
Q

The function of the pronator teres is

A

Forearm pronation

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30
Q

PROXIMALLY, the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficualis ALL attach to the

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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31
Q

DISTALLY, the flexor carpi radialis attaches to the

A

Metacarpels

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32
Q

DISTALLY, the palmaris longus attaches to the

A

Palmar Aponeurosis

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33
Q

DISTALLY the flexor carpi ulnaris attaches to the

A

Pisiform

34
Q

DISTALLY, the flexor digitorum superficialis attaches to the

A

Middle phalanges: digits 2-5

35
Q

Which superficial and intermediate anterior forearm muscles are innervated by the MEDIAN nerve?

A

Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis

36
Q

The function of the flexor carpi radialis is

A

Wrist flexion and abduction

37
Q

The function of the palmaris longus is

A

Wrist flexion

38
Q

The function of the flexor carpi ulnaris is

A

Wrist flexion and adduction

39
Q

The function of the flexor digitorum superficialis is

A

Flexion at PIP

40
Q

The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the

A

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

What are the three deep anterior forearm muscles?

A

Pronator quadratus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus

42
Q

PROXIMALLY, the pronator quadratus and flexor digitorum profundus attach at to the

A

Ulna

43
Q

PROXIMALLY, the flexor pollicis longus attaches to the

A

Radius

44
Q

DISTALLY, the pronator quadratus attaches to the

A

Radius

45
Q

DISTALLY, the flexor digitorum profundus attaches to the

A

Distal Phalanges: digits 2-5

46
Q

DISTALLY, the flexor pollicis longus attaches to the

A

Distal Phalanx thumb

47
Q

The pronator quadratus and flexor pollicis longus are innervated by the

A

Anterior Interosseous nerve

48
Q

The flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the

A

Enterior interosseous and Ulnar nerves

49
Q

The function of the pronator quadratus is

A

Forearm pronation

50
Q

The function of the flexor digitorum profundus is

A

Flexion at DIP

51
Q

The function of the flexor pollicis longus is

A

Flexion of the distal phalanx of thumb

52
Q

Posterior forearm muscles cross joints of the elbow, wrist and digits. The primary functions are

A

Forearm supination, wrist extension, and digit extension

53
Q

Posterior forearm muscles are arranged in which two layers?

A
  1. ) Superficial: wrist and digit extension

2. ) Deep

54
Q

What is the function of the deep posterior forearm muscles?

A

Forearm supination, extension of the thumb and index finger, and thumb abduction

55
Q

The brachioradialis and extensor carpi muscles are innervated by the

A

Radial nerve

56
Q

The supinator and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles are innervated by the

A

Deep radial nerve

57
Q

The rest of the posterior forearm muscles, i.e. the extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnairs, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pillicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and the extensor indicis are ALL innervated by the

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

58
Q

PROXIMALLY, the Brachioradialis and extensor carpi longus attach to the

A

Lateral Supracondylar ridge of the humerus

59
Q

PROXIMALLY, the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris ALL attach to the

A

Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

60
Q

PROXIMALLY, the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and the extensor indicis ALL attach to the

A

Ulna

61
Q

PROXIMALLY, the supinator attaches to the

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna

62
Q

PROXIMALLY, the extensor pollicis longus attaches to the

A

Interosseous membrane

63
Q

What are the DISTAL attachments for the

  1. ) Brachioradialis
  2. ) Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. ) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A
  1. ) Radius
  2. ) Metacarpel
  3. ) Metacarpel
64
Q

What are the DISTAL attachments for the

  1. ) Extensor digitorum
  2. ) Extensor digiti minimi
  3. ) Extensor carpi ulnaris
A
  1. ) Phalanges: digits 2-5
  2. ) Phalange: 5th digit
  3. ) Metacarpel
65
Q

What are the 6 superficial posterior forearm muscles?

A
  1. ) Brachioradialis
  2. ) Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. ) Extensor radialis carpi brevis
  4. ) Extensor digitorum
  5. ) Extensor digiti minimi
  6. ) Extensor carpi ulnaris
66
Q

The function of the brachioradialis is

A

Flexion of forearm at elbow

67
Q

The function of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis is

A

Wrist extension and ABduction

68
Q

The function of the extensor digitorum is

A

Extension of digits 2-5

69
Q

The funtion of the extensor digiti minimi is

A

Extension of the 5th digit

70
Q

The function of the extensor carpi ulnaris is

A

Wrist extension and ADduction

71
Q

What are the 5 deep posterior forearm muscles?

A
  1. ) Supinator
  2. ) Abductor pollicis longus
  3. ) Extensor pollicis brevis
  4. ) Extensor pollicis longus
  5. ) Extensor indicis
72
Q

What are the DISTAL attachments for the

  1. ) Supinator
  2. ) Abductor pollicis longus
  3. ) Extensor pollicis brevis
A
  1. ) Radius
  2. ) 1st metacarpel
  3. ) Proximal phalanx of the thumb
73
Q

What are the DISTAL attachments for the

  1. ) Extensor pollicis longus
  2. ) Extensor indicis
A
  1. ) Distal phalanx of thumb

2. ) 2nd metacarpel

74
Q

The function of the supinator is

A

Supination of the forearm

75
Q

The function of the abductor pollicis longus is

A

ABduction of the thumb

76
Q

The functions of the extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus are

A

Extension of the thumb

77
Q

The function of the extensor indicis is

A

Extension of 2nd digit

78
Q

The “gateway” to the wrist and hand for muscle

tendons and important neurovascular structures

A

The distal forearm

79
Q

Anteriorly, the median nerve passes lateral to the

A

Palmaris longus tendon

80
Q

Posteriorly, the extensor tendons are compartmentalized by the

-serves to prevent “bowstringing” of the tendons

A

Extensor retinaculum

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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