The forearm, wrist, and hand

Question 1

The forearm extends from the elbow joint to the wrist joint and consists of which two bones?

Answer 1

Radius and Ulna

Question 2

Stretched between the radius and ulna and divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments

Answer 2

Interosseous membrane

Question 3

The forearm is innervated by terminal nerves from the brachial plexus. Terminal nerves comprised of ANTERIOR division nerve fibers innervate

Answer 3

Flexor muscles

Question 4

The forearm is innervated by terminal nerves from the brachial plexus. Terminal nerves comprised of POSTERIOR division nerve fibers innervate

Answer 4

Extensor muscles

Question 5

The primary function of the anterior forearm is

Answer 5

Pronation and wrist and digit flexion

Question 6

The primary nerve of the anterior forearm is the

Answer 6

Median nerve

Question 7

The primary blood supply to the anterior forearm is the

Answer 7

Radial and Ulnar arteries

Question 8

The primary function of the posterior forearm is

Answer 8

Supination and wrist and digit extension

Question 9

The primary nerve of the posterior forearm is the

Answer 9

Deep radial nerve

Question 10

The primary blood supply of the posterior forearm is the

Answer 10

Posterior interosseous artery

Question 11

The radius and ulna articulate proximlly with the humerus and with eachother and distally with

Answer 11

Two carpel bones

Question 12

Within the forearm, the radius and ulna articulate via the

Answer 12

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints (synovial) and the Interosseous membrane (fibrous joint)

Question 13

The movements allowed at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints are

Answer 13

Pronation: crossing radius over the ulna
and
Supination: placing the forearm in the anatomical position

Question 14

At the distal forearm and wrist articulation, the radius articulates with scaphoid and lunate carpel bones via synovial

Answer 14

Radiocarpel joints (synovial)

Question 15

The radiocarpel joints are supported by

Answer 15

Radiocarpel ligaments and collateral ligamnets

Question 16

Clinically, radiocarpel joints are relevant for

Answer 16

Disslocation and/or fracture caused by fall on outstretched hand

Question 17

Which bone is commonly fractured in radiocarpel injuries?

Answer 17

Scaphoid bone

Question 18

Structures of the anterior forearm are located anterior to the

Answer 18

Interosseous membrane

Question 19

Anterior forearm muscles are arranged in which three layers

Answer 19

1. ) Superficial
2. ) Intermediate
3. ) Deep

Question 20

What is the function of the anterior forearm muscles located in the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers?

Answer 20

1. ) Superficial: forearm pronation and wrist felxion
2. ) Intermediate: digit flexion
3. ) Deep: forearm pronation and digit flexion

Question 21

Deeper muscles act more

Answer 21

Distally

Question 22

Muscles of the forearm stabilize proximal joints to enable other muscles to function more distally, i.e. they act as

Answer 22

Synergists

Question 23

Innervate all but one and one-half of the anterior forearm muscles

Answer 23

Median nerve and its anterior interosseous branch

Question 24

Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Answer 24

Ulnar nerve

Question 25

Blood supply to the anterior forearm is supplied by the

Answer 25

Radial, ulnar, and anterior interosseous arteries

Question 26

What are the 5 superficial and intermediate anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 26

1. ) Pronator Teres 2. ) Flexor carpi radialis 3. ) Palmaris Longus 4. ) Flexor carpi ulnaris 5. ) Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 27

PROXIMALLY, the pronator teres and flexor carpi ulnaris attach to the

Answer 27

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna

Question 28

DISTALLY, the pronator teres attaches to the

Answer 28

Radius

Question 29

The function of the pronator teres is

Answer 29

Forearm pronation

Question 30

PROXIMALLY, the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficualis ALL attach to the

Answer 30

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 31

DISTALLY, the flexor carpi radialis attaches to the

Answer 31

Metacarpels

Question 32

DISTALLY, the palmaris longus attaches to the

Answer 32

Palmar Aponeurosis

Question 33

DISTALLY the flexor carpi ulnaris attaches to the

Answer 33

Pisiform

Question 34

DISTALLY, the flexor digitorum superficialis attaches to the

Answer 34

Middle phalanges: digits 2-5

Question 35

Which superficial and intermediate anterior forearm muscles are innervated by the MEDIAN nerve?

Answer 35

Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 36

The function of the flexor carpi radialis is

Answer 36

Wrist flexion and abduction

Question 37

The function of the palmaris longus is

Answer 37

Wrist flexion

Question 38

The function of the flexor carpi ulnaris is

Answer 38

Wrist flexion and adduction

Question 39

The function of the flexor digitorum superficialis is

Answer 39

Flexion at PIP

Question 40

The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the

Answer 40

Ulnar nerve

Question 41

What are the three deep anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 41

Pronator quadratus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus

Question 42

PROXIMALLY, the pronator quadratus and flexor digitorum profundus attach at to the

Answer 42

Ulna

Question 43

PROXIMALLY, the flexor pollicis longus attaches to the

Answer 43

Radius

Question 44

DISTALLY, the pronator quadratus attaches to the

Answer 44

Radius

Question 45

DISTALLY, the flexor digitorum profundus attaches to the

Answer 45

Distal Phalanges: digits 2-5

Question 46

DISTALLY, the flexor pollicis longus attaches to the

Answer 46

Distal Phalanx thumb

Question 47

The pronator quadratus and flexor pollicis longus are innervated by the

Answer 47

Anterior Interosseous nerve

Question 48

The flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the

Answer 48

Enterior interosseous and Ulnar nerves

Question 49

The function of the pronator quadratus is

Answer 49

Forearm pronation

Question 50

The function of the flexor digitorum profundus is

Answer 50

Flexion at DIP

Question 51

The function of the flexor pollicis longus is

Answer 51

Flexion of the distal phalanx of thumb

Question 52

Posterior forearm muscles cross joints of the elbow, wrist and digits. The primary functions are

Answer 52

Forearm supination, wrist extension, and digit extension

Question 53

Posterior forearm muscles are arranged in which two layers?

Answer 53

1. ) Superficial: wrist and digit extension | 2. ) Deep

Question 54

What is the function of the deep posterior forearm muscles?

Answer 54

Forearm supination, extension of the thumb and index finger, and thumb abduction

Question 55

The brachioradialis and extensor carpi muscles are innervated by the

Answer 55

Radial nerve

Question 56

The supinator and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles are innervated by the

Answer 56

Deep radial nerve

Question 57

The rest of the posterior forearm muscles, i.e. the extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnairs, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pillicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and the extensor indicis are ALL innervated by the

Answer 57

Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 58

PROXIMALLY, the Brachioradialis and extensor carpi longus attach to the

Answer 58

Lateral Supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Question 59

PROXIMALLY, the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris ALL attach to the

Answer 59

Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

Question 60

PROXIMALLY, the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and the extensor indicis ALL attach to the

Answer 60

Ulna

Question 61

PROXIMALLY, the supinator attaches to the

Answer 61

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna

Question 62

PROXIMALLY, the extensor pollicis longus attaches to the

Answer 62

Interosseous membrane

Question 63

What are the DISTAL attachments for the 1. ) Brachioradialis 2. ) Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. ) Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 63

1. ) Radius 2. ) Metacarpel 3. ) Metacarpel

Question 64

What are the DISTAL attachments for the 1. ) Extensor digitorum 2. ) Extensor digiti minimi 3. ) Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 64

1. ) Phalanges: digits 2-5 2. ) Phalange: 5th digit 3. ) Metacarpel

Question 65

What are the 6 superficial posterior forearm muscles?

Answer 65

1. ) Brachioradialis 2. ) Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. ) Extensor radialis carpi brevis 4. ) Extensor digitorum 5. ) Extensor digiti minimi 6. ) Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 66

The function of the brachioradialis is

Answer 66

Flexion of forearm at elbow

Question 67

The function of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis is

Answer 67

Wrist extension and ABduction

Question 68

The function of the extensor digitorum is

Answer 68

Extension of digits 2-5

Question 69

The funtion of the extensor digiti minimi is

Answer 69

Extension of the 5th digit

Question 70

The function of the extensor carpi ulnaris is

Answer 70

Wrist extension and ADduction

Question 71

What are the 5 deep posterior forearm muscles?

Answer 71

1. ) Supinator 2. ) Abductor pollicis longus 3. ) Extensor pollicis brevis 4. ) Extensor pollicis longus 5. ) Extensor indicis

Question 72

What are the DISTAL attachments for the 1. ) Supinator 2. ) Abductor pollicis longus 3. ) Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 72

1. ) Radius 2. ) 1st metacarpel 3. ) Proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 73

What are the DISTAL attachments for the 1. ) Extensor pollicis longus 2. ) Extensor indicis

Answer 73

1. ) Distal phalanx of thumb | 2. ) 2nd metacarpel

Question 74

The function of the supinator is

Answer 74

Supination of the forearm

Question 75

The function of the abductor pollicis longus is

Answer 75

ABduction of the thumb

Question 76

The functions of the extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus are

Answer 76

Extension of the thumb

Question 77

The function of the extensor indicis is

Answer 77

Extension of 2nd digit

Question 78

The “gateway” to the wrist and hand for muscle | tendons and important neurovascular structures

Answer 78

The distal forearm

Question 79

Anteriorly, the median nerve passes lateral to the

Answer 79

Palmaris longus tendon

Question 80

Posteriorly, the extensor tendons are compartmentalized by the -serves to prevent "bowstringing" of the tendons

Answer 80

Extensor retinaculum