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Structure and Function Test 1 > Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic innervation for the head comes from CNs

A

III, VII, and IX

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2
Q

Different from the other cranial nerves because it develops as part of the CNS

-The ONLY CN affected by MS

A

Optic Nerve (CNII)

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3
Q

Depression in macula lutea with densest concentration of photoreceptor cells

A

Fovea

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4
Q

Functions to maintain the structure of the eye

A

Vitreous body

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5
Q

Changing vision from a far object to a near object

A

Accommodation reflex

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6
Q

On medial wall of the orbit separating the orbit and nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid air cells

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7
Q

The lateral side of the orbit is the

A

Infratemporal fossa

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8
Q

Located between the cornea and eyelid or between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctival sac

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9
Q

Covers the cornea

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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10
Q

Provides sensory innervation to the lateral face outside of the orbit

A

Lacrimal nerve

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11
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid anastamoses with the external carotid?

-Blood flow naturally goes from internal to external

A

Opthalmic artery

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12
Q

Runs along the top of the masseter

A

Parotid duct

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13
Q

Important muscle for keeping mouth pursed

-innervated by CN VII

A

Orbicularis Oris

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14
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion in the infratemporal fossa that is associated with innervation to the parotid gland

A

Otic ganglion

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15
Q

Sensory unipolar ganglion in the MCF

-No synapses occur here

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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16
Q

Lie just within the ITF superficial to the medial pterygoid but deep to the mandible

A

Lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve

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17
Q

The post ganglionic fibers of the two ganglion of the ITF, the otic and submandibular ganglion. travel on the

A

Lingual nerve and auriculotemporal nerve respectively (branches of V3)

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18
Q

Cell bodies for the special sensory fibers of chorda tympany are located in the

A

Geniculate ganglion

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19
Q

Lays on top of the thyrohyoid

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

Lays below thyrohyoid

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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21
Q

The parotid gland is innervated by

A

CN IX

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22
Q

The boundary between the MCF and PCF

-Houses the internal auditory meatus

A

Petrous portion of temporal bone

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23
Q

The upper wall of the middle ear is the

A

Tegman tympani

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24
Q

Injury affecting the inner ear, CN II, or the CNS can all produce a

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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25
Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Pharyngotympanic (auditory or Eustacian) Tube
26
The muscle that opens the Eustacian tube is the same muscle that elevates the soft palate, which is the
Levator palati
27
Sits on top of pharyngotympanic tube and connects to malleus to increase tension on tympanic membrane when contracted -decreases severity of sounds
Tensor tympani
28
Sits on back wall of middle ear and tendon attaches to the stapes -More effective at reducing loudness
Stapedius
29
The cornea is innervated by
CN VII
30
Fold of mucosa overlying the palatoglossal muscle that separates the oral cavity and oropharynx
Palatoglossal arch
31
Always secreting to make sure mouth is moist -protects teeth
Submandibular and sublingual glands
32
Contracts and secretes saliva into the mouth when we are eating and need more saliva
Parotid gland
33
The root of the tongue has slight taste innervation from
CN X
34
Important landmark for intibation to pull the epiglottis off the larynx
Epiglottic Valleculae
35
Passes medial to the hypoglossus
Lingual artery
36
Passes lateral to (on top of) the hypoglossus
Hypoglossal nerve
37
If we have a lesion in the left branch of CN X that affects the left levator palati muscle, which way will the uvula hang?
To the right (I.E. towards the functioning muscle)
38
Stretches the soft palate, helping to seal off the nasopharynx
Tensor palati
39
Located in the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Palatine tonsils
40
A tonsilectomy of the palatine tonsils can cause nerve damage in the
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
41
The gap between the middle and inferior constrictor (gap 3) has what stretching across the front?
Thyrohyoid membrane
42
Two grooves on the lateral sides of the voice box that divert food and fluid to the sides of the larynx so they don't enter the larynx
Piriform recesses
43
How do we seal the nasopharynx?
Lift, elevate, and tense the soft palate
44
Males tend to have a 90 degree thyroid cartilage angle which means a
Longer vocal cord and deeper voice
45
Females tend to have a 120 degree thyroid cartilage angle, which means a
Shorter vocal cord and higher pitch voice
46
For normal respiration, we want the vocal cords to have a
Small gap
47
For forced respiration, what do we do to the vocal cords?
Abduct them
48
The vocal cords are thinner and longer for
High notes
49
The vocal cords are thicker and shorter for
Low notes
50
The superior and middle turbinates are part of the
Ethmoid bone
51
Is its own bone -Largest of the Turbinates
Inferior turbinate
52
What is the function of the respiratory mucosa?
Filter humidify and warm air
53
Cycle of mucous membrane congestion and decongestion every 2-3 hours
Nasal cycle
54
Acts to congest via vasodilation and increased mucous production
Parasympathetic stimulus
55
Acts to decongest via vasoconstriction
Sympathetic stimulus
56
Provides general sensation from the nasal cavity
Nasociliary nerve
57
What are the three types of innervation for the nasal cavity?
1. ) Olfactory Nerve (CN I) 2. ) Nasociliary nerve 3. ) Maxillary nerve
58
The blood supply to the nasal cavity is from which three arteries?
1. ) Nasociliary branch of opthalmic 2. ) Facial artery 3. ) Sphenopalatine artery
59
Anterior nose bleeds are more common and are from the -Can stop bleeding by putting something between upper lip and gum
Facial artery
60
Located posterior to the ethmoidal air cells and nasal cavity
Sphenoidal paranasal sinus
61
Result of sinus pressure due to a virus
Acute sinusitus
62
Sinus problems due to a deviated septum or polyp
Chronic sinusitus
63
Surgery to remove tumor on pituitary by going through the nose and sphenoid sinus into the sella turcica
Transphenoidal Hypophesectomy
64
Sits in the sella turcica -Optic chiasm sits right above it
Pituitary
65
Each of the 4 parasympathetic ganglion in the head and neck are attached to a
Branch of CN V
66
Pass through sphenopalatine foramen to innervate the nasal cavity
Nasopalatine nerves
67
Nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa carry sympathetic innervation from the
Face, Nasal cavity, and Palate
68
Nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa carry preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic innervation for
Lacrimation and mucous production
69
Is analogous to the chorda tympani in the nerve fiber types it carries
Greater petrosal nerve
70
Passes UNDER the Trigeminal ganglion and ABOVE the foramen lacerum and internal carotid artery
Greater petrosal nerve
71
Functions to produce mucus and tears
Pterygopalatine ganglion
72
What is the path of parasympathetic innervation to palte mucosa?
Greater petrosal --> Pterygopalatine ganglion --> Palatine nerves --> Palate
73
What is the path of sympathetic innervation to nasal and oral cavities?
Superior cervical ganglion --> Deep petrosal nerve --> Pass through pterygopalatine ganglion --> Nasal and oral cavities
74
Forms anterior cranial connective tissues like tendons, stroma, and the dentin of the teeth
Neural Crest
75
Runs on the dorsal end of the embryo
Neural Tube
76
Have a core mesoderm-mesenchym that includes mesoderm & neural crest cells
Pharyngeal arches
77
Which is longer, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve or the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
78
Formed by the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and forms the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Hypopharyngeal eminence
79
The face develops from which 5 bumps?
- 1 frontonasal eminence (which forms 2 medial and 2 lateral nasal eminences) - 2 maxillary eminences - 2 mandibular eminences
80
Come together and fuse to form the midline of the nose and the philitrum of upper lip
Medial nasal prominences
81
The primary palate is formed from the
Frontonasal prominence
82
The secondary palate is formed from the
Palatine shelves of maxillary prominences
83
Forms as the proliferating cells of the maxillary prominences push the medial nasal prominences together in the midline to form the primary palate
Intermaxillary segment
84
Improper formation of medial nasal prominence
Synopthalmia (cyclops) w/ probiscusis (nose above eye)
85
Due to improper fusion of medial nasal prominences -primary palate doesn't fuse anterior to incisive foramen
Median cleft
86
Failure of the maxillary prominence to fuse with the lateral nasal prominence -Nasolacrimal duct is open to the exterior
Oblique facial cleft
87
Incomplete fusion between the maxillary prominance and medial nasal prominence -Incomplete fusion between primary and secondary palates
Anterior cleft deformity -cleft lip or upper jaw
88
Incomplete fusion of palatine shelves -cleft secondary palate
Posterior cleft deformity
89
Remains attached to the brain
Posterior pituitary
90
Forms olfactory epithelium for smell
Nasal placodes
91
Forms associated eye structures for vision
Lense placode
92
Forms cochlea for hearing and vestibular aparatus for balance
Otic placode
93
Forms distal end of trigeminal gnaglion
Trigeminal placode
94
Forms distal end of ganglion for CNs VII, IX, and X
Epibranchial placodes
95
Proximal ganglion for CNs V, VII, IX, and X form from
Neural crest
96
The 1st pharyngeal pouch forms the
Pharyngotympanic tube
97
The 2nd pharyngeal pouch forms the
Palatine tonsils
98
The 3rd pharyngeal pouch forms the
Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus
99
The 4th pharyngeal pouch forms the
Superior parathyroid glands and parafollicular cells
100
Forms from endodermal envagination from the foramen cecum (thyroid diverticulum)
Thyroid gland

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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