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Structure and Function Test 1 > Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic innervation for the head comes from CNs

A

III, VII, and IX

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2
Q

Different from the other cranial nerves because it develops as part of the CNS

-The ONLY CN affected by MS

A

Optic Nerve (CNII)

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3
Q

Depression in macula lutea with densest concentration of photoreceptor cells

A

Fovea

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4
Q

Functions to maintain the structure of the eye

A

Vitreous body

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5
Q

Changing vision from a far object to a near object

A

Accommodation reflex

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6
Q

On medial wall of the orbit separating the orbit and nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid air cells

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7
Q

The lateral side of the orbit is the

A

Infratemporal fossa

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8
Q

Located between the cornea and eyelid or between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctival sac

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9
Q

Covers the cornea

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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10
Q

Provides sensory innervation to the lateral face outside of the orbit

A

Lacrimal nerve

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11
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid anastamoses with the external carotid?

-Blood flow naturally goes from internal to external

A

Opthalmic artery

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12
Q

Runs along the top of the masseter

A

Parotid duct

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13
Q

Important muscle for keeping mouth pursed

-innervated by CN VII

A

Orbicularis Oris

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14
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion in the infratemporal fossa that is associated with innervation to the parotid gland

A

Otic ganglion

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15
Q

Sensory unipolar ganglion in the MCF

-No synapses occur here

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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16
Q

Lie just within the ITF superficial to the medial pterygoid but deep to the mandible

A

Lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve

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17
Q

The post ganglionic fibers of the two ganglion of the ITF, the otic and submandibular ganglion. travel on the

A

Lingual nerve and auriculotemporal nerve respectively (branches of V3)

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18
Q

Cell bodies for the special sensory fibers of chorda tympany are located in the

A

Geniculate ganglion

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19
Q

Lays on top of the thyrohyoid

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

Lays below thyrohyoid

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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21
Q

The parotid gland is innervated by

A

CN IX

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22
Q

The boundary between the MCF and PCF

-Houses the internal auditory meatus

A

Petrous portion of temporal bone

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23
Q

The upper wall of the middle ear is the

A

Tegman tympani

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24
Q

Injury affecting the inner ear, CN II, or the CNS can all produce a

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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25
Q

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngotympanic (auditory or Eustacian) Tube

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26
Q

The muscle that opens the Eustacian tube is the same muscle that elevates the soft palate, which is the

A

Levator palati

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27
Q

Sits on top of pharyngotympanic tube and connects to malleus to increase tension on tympanic membrane when contracted

-decreases severity of sounds

A

Tensor tympani

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28
Q

Sits on back wall of middle ear and tendon attaches to the stapes

-More effective at reducing loudness

A

Stapedius

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29
Q

The cornea is innervated by

A

CN VII

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30
Q

Fold of mucosa overlying the palatoglossal muscle that separates the oral cavity and oropharynx

A

Palatoglossal arch

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31
Q

Always secreting to make sure mouth is moist

-protects teeth

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands

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32
Q

Contracts and secretes saliva into the mouth when we are eating and need more saliva

A

Parotid gland

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33
Q

The root of the tongue has slight taste innervation from

A

CN X

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34
Q

Important landmark for intibation to pull the epiglottis off the larynx

A

Epiglottic Valleculae

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35
Q

Passes medial to the hypoglossus

A

Lingual artery

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36
Q

Passes lateral to (on top of) the hypoglossus

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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37
Q

If we have a lesion in the left branch of CN X that affects the left levator palati muscle, which way will the uvula hang?

A

To the right (I.E. towards the functioning muscle)

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38
Q

Stretches the soft palate, helping to seal off the nasopharynx

A

Tensor palati

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39
Q

Located in the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

A

Palatine tonsils

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40
Q

A tonsilectomy of the palatine tonsils can cause nerve damage in the

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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41
Q

The gap between the middle and inferior constrictor (gap 3) has what stretching across the front?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

42
Q

Two grooves on the lateral sides of the voice box that divert food and fluid to the sides of the larynx so they don’t enter the larynx

A

Piriform recesses

43
Q

How do we seal the nasopharynx?

A

Lift, elevate, and tense the soft palate

44
Q

Males tend to have a 90 degree thyroid cartilage angle which means a

A

Longer vocal cord and deeper voice

45
Q

Females tend to have a 120 degree thyroid cartilage angle, which means a

A

Shorter vocal cord and higher pitch voice

46
Q

For normal respiration, we want the vocal cords to have a

47
Q

For forced respiration, what do we do to the vocal cords?

A

Abduct them

48
Q

The vocal cords are thinner and longer for

A

High notes

49
Q

The vocal cords are thicker and shorter for

50
Q

The superior and middle turbinates are part of the

A

Ethmoid bone

51
Q

Is its own bone

-Largest of the Turbinates

A

Inferior turbinate

52
Q

What is the function of the respiratory mucosa?

A

Filter humidify and warm air

53
Q

Cycle of mucous membrane congestion and decongestion every 2-3 hours

A

Nasal cycle

54
Q

Acts to congest via vasodilation and increased mucous production

A

Parasympathetic stimulus

55
Q

Acts to decongest via vasoconstriction

A

Sympathetic stimulus

56
Q

Provides general sensation from the nasal cavity

A

Nasociliary nerve

57
Q

What are the three types of innervation for the nasal cavity?

A
  1. ) Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
  2. ) Nasociliary nerve
  3. ) Maxillary nerve
58
Q

The blood supply to the nasal cavity is from which three arteries?

A
  1. ) Nasociliary branch of opthalmic
  2. ) Facial artery
  3. ) Sphenopalatine artery
59
Q

Anterior nose bleeds are more common and are from the

-Can stop bleeding by putting something between upper lip and gum

A

Facial artery

60
Q

Located posterior to the ethmoidal air cells and nasal cavity

A

Sphenoidal paranasal sinus

61
Q

Result of sinus pressure due to a virus

A

Acute sinusitus

62
Q

Sinus problems due to a deviated septum or polyp

A

Chronic sinusitus

63
Q

Surgery to remove tumor on pituitary by going through the nose and sphenoid sinus into the sella turcica

A

Transphenoidal Hypophesectomy

64
Q

Sits in the sella turcica

-Optic chiasm sits right above it

65
Q

Each of the 4 parasympathetic ganglion in the head and neck are attached to a

A

Branch of CN V

66
Q

Pass through sphenopalatine foramen to innervate the nasal cavity

A

Nasopalatine nerves

67
Q

Nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa carry sympathetic innervation from the

A

Face, Nasal cavity, and Palate

68
Q

Nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa carry preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic innervation for

A

Lacrimation and mucous production

69
Q

Is analogous to the chorda tympani in the nerve fiber types it carries

A

Greater petrosal nerve

70
Q

Passes UNDER the Trigeminal ganglion and ABOVE the foramen lacerum and internal carotid artery

A

Greater petrosal nerve

71
Q

Functions to produce mucus and tears

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

72
Q

What is the path of parasympathetic innervation to palte mucosa?

A

Greater petrosal –> Pterygopalatine ganglion –> Palatine nerves –> Palate

73
Q

What is the path of sympathetic innervation to nasal and oral cavities?

A

Superior cervical ganglion –> Deep petrosal nerve –> Pass through pterygopalatine ganglion –> Nasal and oral cavities

74
Q

Forms anterior cranial connective tissues like tendons, stroma, and the dentin of the teeth

A

Neural Crest

75
Q

Runs on the dorsal end of the embryo

A

Neural Tube

76
Q

Have a core mesoderm-mesenchym that includes mesoderm & neural crest cells

A

Pharyngeal arches

77
Q

Which is longer, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve or the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

78
Q

Formed by the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and forms the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Hypopharyngeal eminence

79
Q

The face develops from which 5 bumps?

A
  • 1 frontonasal eminence (which forms 2 medial and 2 lateral nasal eminences)
  • 2 maxillary eminences
  • 2 mandibular eminences
80
Q

Come together and fuse to form the midline of the nose and the philitrum of upper lip

A

Medial nasal prominences

81
Q

The primary palate is formed from the

A

Frontonasal prominence

82
Q

The secondary palate is formed from the

A

Palatine shelves of maxillary prominences

83
Q

Forms as the proliferating cells of the maxillary prominences push the medial nasal prominences together in the midline to form the primary palate

A

Intermaxillary segment

84
Q

Improper formation of medial nasal prominence

A

Synopthalmia (cyclops) w/ probiscusis (nose above eye)

85
Q

Due to improper fusion of medial nasal prominences

-primary palate doesn’t fuse anterior to incisive foramen

A

Median cleft

86
Q

Failure of the maxillary prominence to fuse with the lateral nasal prominence

-Nasolacrimal duct is open to the exterior

A

Oblique facial cleft

87
Q

Incomplete fusion between the maxillary prominance and medial nasal prominence

-Incomplete fusion between primary and secondary palates

A

Anterior cleft deformity

-cleft lip or upper jaw

88
Q

Incomplete fusion of palatine shelves

-cleft secondary palate

A

Posterior cleft deformity

89
Q

Remains attached to the brain

A

Posterior pituitary

90
Q

Forms olfactory epithelium for smell

A

Nasal placodes

91
Q

Forms associated eye structures for vision

A

Lense placode

92
Q

Forms cochlea for hearing and vestibular aparatus for balance

A

Otic placode

93
Q

Forms distal end of trigeminal gnaglion

A

Trigeminal placode

94
Q

Forms distal end of ganglion for CNs VII, IX, and X

A

Epibranchial placodes

95
Q

Proximal ganglion for CNs V, VII, IX, and X form from

A

Neural crest

96
Q

The 1st pharyngeal pouch forms the

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

97
Q

The 2nd pharyngeal pouch forms the

A

Palatine tonsils

98
Q

The 3rd pharyngeal pouch forms the

A

Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus

99
Q

The 4th pharyngeal pouch forms the

A

Superior parathyroid glands and parafollicular cells

100
Q

Forms from endodermal envagination from the foramen cecum (thyroid diverticulum)

A

Thyroid gland

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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