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Structure and Function Test 1 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The circulation of fluid after it leaves the vascular system and before it re-enters the vascular system

A

Non-vascular circulation

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2
Q

Secreted by the vascularized choried plexus in the brain into the ventricles of the brain and then passes into the subarachnoid spae

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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3
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid then returns from the subarachnoid space to venous channels within the dura mater of the

A

Head

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4
Q

The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space is an example of

A

Non-vascular circulation

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5
Q

Fluid in the cardiovascular system passes through a

A

Closed circuit

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6
Q

The pressure generated by the heart is sufficient to move blood through the

A

Arteries

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7
Q

Require externally generated pressure (such as pressure from nearby contracting skeletal muscle) and valves to move fluid

A

Veins

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8
Q

Allow fluid flow in only one direction

A

Vein valves

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9
Q

In those veins in which blood flow is resisted by high hydrostatic pressure (e.g. the lower limbs) the valves are more likely to become incompetent and result in

A

Impairment of venous flow and dilation of the veins (varicose veins)

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10
Q

Do all veins have valves?

A

No

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11
Q

The veins of the portal system and veins communicating between the veins of the face and scalp and the dural venous sinuses within the skull do not have

A

Veins

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12
Q

In veins without valves, the direction of flow is determined by the

A

Pressure gradient

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13
Q

A closed circuit

A

Cardiovascular system

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14
Q

A one-way circulatory system

A

Lymph vasular system

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15
Q

The lymph from the left side of the head, neck and thorax, the left upper limb, and everything below the diaphragm drains into the

A

Thoracic duct

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16
Q

The thoracic duct drains into the junction of the

A

Left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein

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17
Q

The lymph from the right side of the head, neck and thorax and right upper limb drains into the

A

Right lymphatic duct

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18
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains into the junction of the

A

Right subclavin vein and right internal jugular vein

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19
Q

Lymph flows through the lymphatic channels in a direction toward the connection with the

A

Venous system (i.e. towards the heart)

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20
Q

Extracellular fluid enters lymph capillaries which then drain through

A

Lymphatic vessels

21
Q

Contain one-way valves, just like veins

A

Lymphatic vessels

22
Q

Interposed along the path of the lymphatic system

-have afferent and efferent vessels

A

Lymph nodes

23
Q

Filter the lymph, trapping diseased cells, abnormal
cells, and pathogenic organisms and contain lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system
which attack these trapped cells

A

Lymph nodes

24
Q

Transports materials from one part of the body to another

-ex: oxygen from lungs to tissues in the body

A

Cardiovascular system

25
Q

The cardiovascular system transports

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes

26
Q

The cardiovascular system carries chemicals that provide signals from one organ to another, these are called

A

Hormones

27
Q

Plays an important role in temperature regulation

A

Cardiovascular system

28
Q

Heat is constantly being produced in the body by

A

Metabolic processes and muscle contraction

29
Q

Warm blood from the interior of the body is brought to cutaneous capillary beds in the skin where heat from the blood is

A

Dissipated to the environment

30
Q

Control how much warm blood reaches cutaneous capillary beds to lose heat to the environment

A

Cutaneous A-V shunts

31
Q

When a shunt is OPEN, blood shunts from an artery to a vein and bypasses a cutaneous capillary bed, therefore

A

Less blood reaches cutaneous capillaries and less heat is lost

32
Q

When a shunt is CLOSED, blood flows to the cutaneous

capillary bed and therefore

A

More blood reaches the cutaneous capillaries and more heat is lost

33
Q

More warm blood will be allowed to reach the skin to lose heat when the environmental temperature is

A

Warm

34
Q

Less warm blood is allowed to reach the skin to lose heat when the environmental temperature is

A

Cold

35
Q

Allow heat from the arterial blood to transfer to the venous blood and thereby not reach the cutaneous
capillaries, thus reducing the amount of heat that is lost to the environment through the skin and thus conserving heat and reducing energy needs to produce heat

A

Venae Comitantes

36
Q

This mechanism through the venae comitantes, found primarily in the limbs and body wall, allows for a reduction in heat loss without a

A

Reduction in cutaneous blood flow

37
Q

The end arteries are part of the

A

Collateral circulation

38
Q

An artery that has full responsibility for providing blood to an organ or part of an organ

A

Anatomical end artery

39
Q

If an anatomical end artery is occluded, the region supplied by the artery undergoes

A

Cell death

40
Q

An artery that “shares” responsibility for blood supply to a region but the “sharing” is inadequate such that occlusion also leads to cell death in the region supplied

A

Functional end atery

41
Q

What type of arteries are branches of the coronary artery?

A

Functional end arteries

42
Q

Allow multiple pathways for blood to reach the target tissue

A

Anastomosis of blood vessels

43
Q

When an anastomosis is present, occlusion of one pathway results in shunting of blood to a

-therefore there is no cell death

A

Collateral pathway

44
Q

A reversal in the direction of blood flow in one or more vesicles typically occurs when an occlusion is bypassed using

A

Collateral vessels

45
Q

What happens to collateral vessels as the need for collateral flow develops (e.g. from a partially occluded artery)

A

They grow in size

46
Q

For example, as one or more branches of the coronary arteries become narrowed from atherosclerosis, the quality of the anastomoses among these vessels

A

Increases

47
Q

Anastomoses may also be present in veins, but only in veins without

A

Valves

48
Q

Costal notching due to enlargement of intercostal arteries is seen in

A

Coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta

49
Q

Prominent in the blood supply to cutaneous regions with large surface area

A

Venae Commitante

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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