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Structure and Function Test 1 > Skeletal and Neurovascular Organization of the Head > Flashcards

Skeletal and Neurovascular Organization of the Head Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 regions associated with the skull?

A
  1. ) Orbits
  2. ) Nasal Cavities
  3. ) Oral Cavity
  4. ) Ear
  5. ) Infratemporal Fossa
  6. ) Pterygopalatine Fossa
  7. ) Anterior Cranial Fossa
  8. ) Middle Cranial Fossa
  9. ) Posterior Cranial Fossa
  10. ) Neck
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2
Q

Can be considered the crossroads of the skull since many neurovascular structures pass through its openings en route to other regions of the head

A

Sphenoid bone

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3
Q

What are the bony features of the sphenoid bone?

A

Lesser and greater wings, body, sella turcica, and medial and lateral pterygoid plates

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4
Q

These bony features form parts of which regions of the head?

A

Orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity, infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, anterior cranial fossa, and nearly all of the middle cranial fossa

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5
Q

What are the 5 openings of the sphenoid bone?

A
  1. ) Optic canal
  2. ) Superior orbital fissue
  3. ) Foramen Rotundum
  4. ) Foramen Ovale
  5. ) Foramen Spinosum
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6
Q

Which of the two openings connect the middle cranial fossa and orbit?

A

Optic canal and superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

The foramen rotundum is an opening in the sphenoid bone that connects the

A

Middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa

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8
Q

The Foramen ovale AND foramen spinosum are openings in the sphenoid bone that connects the

A

Middle cranial fossa and the infratemporal fossa

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9
Q

Houses and protects structures of the inner and middle ear and forms the bony portion of the external ear

A

Temporal Bone

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10
Q

What are the 6 bony portions of the Temporal bone?

A

Squamous and petrous portions, zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid processes, and the mandibular fossa

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11
Q

These bony features form parts of which regions of the head?

A

Ear, infratemporal fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

What are the four openings of the temporal bone?

A
  1. ) External auditory meatus
  2. ) Internal auditory meatus
  3. ) Stylomastoid foramen
  4. ) Carotid canal
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13
Q

The external auditory meatus is an opening in the temporal bone that

A

Opens externally

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14
Q

The internal auditory meatus is an opening in the temporal bone that connects which regions of the head?

A

Posterior cranial fossa and inner ear

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15
Q

The stylomastoid foramen is an opening in the temporal bone that connects which regions of the head?

A

Petrous portion and Neck

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16
Q

The carotid canal is an opening in the temporal bone that connects which regions of the head?

A

Middle Cranial fossa and the Neck

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17
Q

The Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve 5) is divided into which three parts?

A

Opthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2), and Mandibular (V3) divisions

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18
Q

The opthalmic division is made up of which three nerves?

A

Frontal, Lacrimal, and Nasociliary nerves

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19
Q

Enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure, superior to the central ring tendon

A

Frontal and Lacrimal nerves

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20
Q

The frontal nerve divides into the

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear branches

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21
Q

The frontal nerve exits via the

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear foramina

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22
Q

The frontal nerve exits via the supraorbital and supratrochlear foramina to supple

A

Skin over orbit and forehead

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23
Q

The lacrimal nerve courses laterally in orbit to provide sensory innervation to the

A

Lacrimal gland

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24
Q

Reach the lacrimal gland by hitchhiking on the lacrimal nerve

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

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25
Q

Enters orbit via the superior orbital fissure WITHIN the central ring tendon

A

Nasociliary nerve

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26
Q

Courses from lateral to medial by crossing Superior to the optic nerve

A

Nasociliary nerve

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27
Q

The nasociliary nerve connects to the ciliary ganglion via the

A

Sensory root

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28
Q

The nerve gives off long ciliary nerves to the

A

Eye

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29
Q

The nasociliary nerve has ethmoidal branches to ethmoidal sinuses that are all

A

Sensory

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30
Q

The maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve gives off which three nerves?

A

Maxillary, infraorbital, and zygomatic nerves

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31
Q

The maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa from the MCF via the

A

Foramen Rotundum

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32
Q

Within the fossa it is attached to the Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Maxillary nerve

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33
Q

Via branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion, the maxillary nerve provides sensory innervation to the

A

Nasal and oral cavities

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34
Q

The maxillary nerve branches, creating the zygomatic nerve, and continues as the

A

Infraorbital nerve

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35
Q

The infraorbital nerve exits the pterygopalatine fossa via the

A

Inferior orbital fissure to enter the floor of the orbit

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36
Q

Within the orbital floor, the infraorbital nerve inters the infraorbital canal and exits the skull via the

A

Infraorbital foramen

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37
Q

Within the orbital floor, the infraorbital nerve inters the infraorbital canal and exits the skull via the infraorbital foramen to supply

A

The face between the mouth and orbit

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38
Q

Exits the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure

A

Zygomatic and infraorbital nerves

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39
Q

Courses in the lateral wall of the orbit, sending a branch to the lacrimal nerve

A

Zygomatic nerve

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40
Q

The branch that the zygomatic nerve sends to the lacrimal nerve is made up of

A

Post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers

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41
Q

The zygomatic nerve exits the orbit as the

A

Zygomaticofacial and temporal nerves

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42
Q

The mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve gives off which 5 nerves?

A
  1. ) Mandibular nerve
  2. ) Buccal Nerve
  3. ) Auriculotemporal Nerve
  4. ) Inferior Alveolar nerve
  5. ) Lingual Nerve
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43
Q

Enters the infratemporal fossa via the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve

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44
Q

Innervates muscles of mastication and gives off 4 sensory branches

A

Mandibular nerve

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45
Q

The mandibular nerve gives off a mylohyoid branch that gives motor control to the

A

Mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscle

46
Q

The buccal nerve pierces the buccinator muscle to supply sensory innervation to the

A

Mucosa of the cheeks

47
Q

Splits around the middle meningeal artery and continues laterally to the parotid gland and skin anterior to the ear

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

48
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve splits around the middle meningeal artery and continues laterally to the

A

Parotid gland and skin anterior to the ear

49
Q

Hitchhike on the auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the octic ganglion

50
Q

Enters the mandibular foramen and supplies the mandibular teeth

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

51
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve exits themandible via the mental foramen to supply

A

SKin on the chin

52
Q

Courses anterior into the floor of the mouth where it provides sensory innervation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue

A

Lingual nerve

53
Q

The lingual nerve provides sensory innervation to the

A

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

54
Q

Join the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa

A

PREganglionic parasympathetic and taste fibers from the chorda tympani nerve (VII branch)

55
Q

The chorda tympani nerve is a branch of the

A

Facial Nerve (VII)

56
Q

Attached to the lingual nerve in the floor of the mouth

A

Submandibular ganglion

57
Q

The facial nerve (VII) Branches into the

A

Greater petrosal nerve, Chorda tympani nerve, and the nerve to stapedius

58
Q

The facial nerve enters the inner ear within the temporal bone via the

A

Internal auditory meatus

59
Q

Enters the facial canal still ithin the temporal bone

A

Facial nerve

60
Q

The facial nerve exits the temporal bone via the

A

Stylomastoid foramen

61
Q

The facial nerve exits the temporal bone via the sylomastoid foramen where it provides MOTOR innervation to the

A

Stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric muscles

62
Q

The facial nerve exits the temporal bone via the sylomastoid foramen where it provides SENSORY innervation to the

A

Skin posterior to the ear

63
Q

The facial nerve continues through the parotid gland to course ANTERIORLY and MEDIALLY to provide motor innervation to the

A

Muscles of facial expression

64
Q

Branches from the facial nerve within the facial canal

A

Greater petrosal nerve

65
Q

The greater petrosal nerve exits the inner ear via the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve to enter the

A

Middle Cranial Fossa

66
Q

Traverses the superior aspect of the foramen lacerum and enters the pterygoid canal to reach the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Greater petrosal nerve

67
Q

Branches from the facial nerve within the facial canal to enter the middle ear cavity

A

Chorda Tympani nerve

68
Q

The chorda tympani nerve exits the middle ear cavity via the

A

Petrotympanic fissure

69
Q

The chorda tympani nerve exits the middle ear cavity via the petrotympanic fissure to enter the

A

Infratemporal fossa

70
Q

Branches from the facial nerve within the facial canal to enter the middle ear cavity where it innervates the stapedius muscle

A

Nerve to stapedius

71
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve branches into the

A

Tympanic and Lesser Petrosal Nerves

72
Q

Enters the neck via the Jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

73
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve enters the neck via the jugular foramen. It then courses LATERAL to the

A

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

74
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the stylopharnheus muscle and then enters the

A

Oropharynx between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

75
Q

Here, the glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A

Pharyngeal mucosa and continues to posterior 1/3 of the tongue

76
Q

What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

77
Q

Branches from the glossopharyngeal nerve within the neck and enters the middle ear cavity to form the tympanic plexus

A

Tympanic nerve

78
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic nerve leave the tympanic plexus as the

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

79
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve then exits the middle ear cavity via the

A

Hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve

80
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve exits the middle ear cavity via the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve to enter the

A

Middle cranial fossa

81
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve then exits the skull through the

-enters infratemporal fossa

A

Foramen ovale

82
Q

Arterial supply to the head and neck is substantial and is provided by branches from the

A

Subclavian and Carotid arteries

83
Q

Branches from these four (right and left) major arteries then freely anastomose with one another to provide excellent

A

Collateral circulation through head and neck

84
Q

In general, branches from the SUBCLAVIAN artery supply the

A

Brain and deep neck

85
Q

The common carotid artery bifurcates at the level of

A

C4

86
Q

The common carotid artery bidurcates at the level of the C4 vertebral body into the

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

87
Q

Has ZERO branches in the neck and supplies mostly the brain

A

Internal carotid artery

88
Q

Supplies all other regions not supplied by the internal carotid artery

A

External carotid artery

89
Q

What are the three subclavian arterial branches?

A
  1. ) Vertebral branch
  2. ) Thyrocervical trunk
  3. ) Costocervical trunk
90
Q

The vertebral branch of the subclavian artery supplies the

A

Deep neck, brain, and spinal cord

91
Q

The thyrocervical trunk is made up of which three branches?

A
  1. ) Inferior thyroid artery
  2. ) Suprascapular artery
  3. ) Transverse cervical artery
92
Q

The branches of the thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical arteries) supply which regions?

A

Deep neck, thyroid gland, and shoulder

93
Q

The costocervical trunk supplies which regions?

A

Deep neck only

94
Q

What are the three branches of the internal carotid artery?

A
  1. ) Opthalmic artery
  2. ) Middle cerebral artery
  3. ) Anterior cerebral artery
95
Q

The opthalmic artery supplies the

A

Orbit and supraorbital face

96
Q

The middle cerebral artery supplies the

A

Brain

97
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the

A

Brain

98
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. ) Superior thyroid artery
  2. ) Ascending pharyngeal artery
  3. ) Lingual artery
  4. ) Facial artery
  5. ) Occipital artery
  6. ) Posterior Auricular artery
  7. ) Maxillary artery
  8. ) Superficial temporal artery
99
Q

The superior thyroid artery supplies the

A

Thyroid gland

100
Q

The ascending pharyngeal artery supplies the

A

Pharynx

101
Q

The lingual artery supplies the

A

Floor of the mouth and tongue

102
Q

The facial artery supplies the

A

Superficial and deep face

103
Q

The occipital artery supplies the

A

Posterior neck and scalp

104
Q

The posterior auricular artery supplies the

A

Posterior ear and scalp

105
Q

The maxillary artery branches into which 8 arteries?

A
  1. ) Deep auricular
  2. ) Muscular branches
  3. ) Middle meningeal
  4. ) Inferior alveolar
  5. ) Posterior superior alveolar
  6. ) Sphenopalantine
  7. ) Descending palatine
  8. ) Infraorbital
106
Q

The maxillary artery and its branches supply the

A

Ear, muscles of mastication, meninges, mandibular and maxillary teeth, nasal cavity, palate, orbit, and infraorbital face

107
Q

The superficial temporal artery supplies the

A

Superficial temple

108
Q

What are the 5 important anastomoses of the head and neck?

A
  1. ) External carotid - Subclavian
  2. ) Internal carotid - subclavian
  3. ) Right external carotid -Left external carotid
  4. ) Right subclavian - Left subclavian
  5. ) Internal carotid - External carotid
109
Q

The external carotid - subclavian anastomoses are an anastomoses between the

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

110
Q

The internal carotid -Subclavian anastomoses is an anastomoses between the

A

Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar system

111
Q

The right external carotid and left external carotid anastamoses is an anastamoses between the

A

Superior thyroid and superior thyroid artery and the facial and facial artery

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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