Mechanisms of Deglutiton and Phonation: The Larynx

Question 1

Acts as a compound sphincter to prevent the passage of food or drink into the airway during swallowing

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Acts to close the rima glottis during Valsalva’s maneuver in which air pressure is built up during coughing, sneezing, micturition, defecation, or parturition

Answer 2

Larynx

Question 3

Also regulates the flow of air to and from the lungs for breathing and vocalization

Answer 3

Larynx

Question 4

The larynx is composed of cartilages connected via

Answer 4

Joints and ligaments

Question 5

There are 4 major cartilages of the larynx. What are they?

Answer 5

The unpaired thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilage, and the paired arytenoid cartilages

Question 6

Composed of two lamina that unite anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominance

Answer 6

Thyroid cartilage

Question 7

The thyroid cartilage is connected superiorly to the hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane and inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage by

Answer 7

Synovial joints and cricothyroid membrane

Question 8

Attached to the thyroid cartilage internally where the lamina unite

Answer 8

Epiglottis

Question 9

Articulates with the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages via synovial joints

Answer 9

Cricoid cartilage

Question 10

Sit atop the cricoid cartilages posteriorly

Answer 10

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 11

The arytenopid cartilages are pyrimidal in shape with which three processes?

Answer 11

Superiorly: an apex
Anteriorly: a vocal process
Laterally: a muscular process

Question 12

Additional cartilages attach to the

Answer 12

Apex

Question 13

The vocal ligament attaches to the

Answer 13

Vocal process

Question 14

Muscles attach to the

Answer 14

Muscular process

Question 15

Attatches inferiorly to the superior border of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 15

Cricothyroid ligament (Conus elasticus)

Question 16

The superior free edges of the cricothyroid ligament (conus elasticus) forms the

Answer 16

Vocal ligament

Question 17

Attaches posteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages and anteriorly where the lamina of the thyroid cartilage uite

Answer 17

Vocal ligament

Question 18

The larynx can be divided from superior to inferior into which three compartments?

Answer 18

1. ) Vestibule
2. ) Ventricle
3. ) Infraglottic cavity

Question 19

Extends from the aditis superiorly to the vestibular folds inferiorly

Answer 19

Vestibule

Question 20

The lateral wall of the vestibule are formed by the

Answer 20

Quadrangular membrane

Question 21

Connective tissue that stretches from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 21

Quadrangular membrane

Question 22

The free inferior edge of the quadrangular membrane

Answer 22

Vestibular ligament

Question 23

The quadrangularmembrane is covered on both sides by a

Answer 23

Mucous membrane

Question 24

Where the vestibular ligament is covered bymucosa

Answer 24

Vestibular fold (false vocal fold)

Question 25

Lateral expansions of the laryngeal cavity between the vestibular and vocal folds

Answer 25

Ventricles

Question 26

Toward the anterior end of the ventricle there is a blind sac called the

Answer 26

Saccule

Question 27

Can become enlarged due to increase in intraorthotic pressure

Answer 27

Saccule

Question 28

Extends from the vocal folds to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 28

Infraglottic cavity

Question 29

The larynx is innervated ENTIRELY by branches of the

Answer 29

Vagus nerve

Question 30

What are the three vagus nerve branches relevant to the larynx?

Answer 30

Internal laryngeal, external laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal/inferior laryngeal

Question 31

What type of fibers are in the internal laryngeal nerve?

Answer 31

Sensory

Question 32

What type of fibers are in the external laryngeal nerve?

Answer 32

Motor

Question 33

What type of fibers are in the recurrent laryngeal/inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 33

Sensory and motor

Question 34

The internal laryngeal nerve innervates the

Answer 34

Mucosa above the vocal fold

Question 35

The external laryngeal nerve innervates the

Answer 35

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 36

The SENSORY fibers of the recurrent laryngeal/Inferior laryngeal nerve innervates the

Answer 36

Mucosa below vocal fold

Question 37

The MOTOR fibers of the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate the

Answer 37

Remaining intrinsic muscles