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Structure and Function Test 1 > Development of the Head and Neck pt. 1 > Flashcards

Development of the Head and Neck pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Manyt head and neck structures form from the mesoderm-mesenchyme found in and near five bilateral pairs of

A

Pharyngeal (branchial) Arches

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2
Q

These 5 pharyngeal arches appear during the

A

Fourth week of prenatal development

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3
Q

The five pharyngeal arches appear during the 4th week of prenatal development and are numbered

A

1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 (the 5th quickly disappears)

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4
Q

Precursor cells in pharyngeal arches and in regions rostral to pharyngeal arches are derived from

A

Mesoderm and Neural crest

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5
Q

Each pharyngeal arch is a bar of mesoderm-mesenchyme that is separated by

A

Folds of surface ectoderm (pharyngeal clefts/grooves) and folds of endoderm (pharyngeal pouches)

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6
Q

Contains its own specific nerve, artery, muscle, and connective tissure

A

Ech pharyngeal arch

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7
Q

Cranial nerves extend from the developing brainstem into

A

Pharyngeal arches

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8
Q

Conversely, pharyngeal arch mesoderm and neural crest gives rise to

A

Aortic arches, skeletal muscles, and connective tissues

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9
Q

Pharyngeal arch 1 is comprised of which two prominences?

A

Maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence

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10
Q

What is the cranial nerve that is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

What is the aortic arch of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

I (maxillary)

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12
Q

From the mesoderm, the mandibular prominence of the 1st pharyngeal arch has which skeletal muscles?

A

Mastication muscles, tensors, anterior digastric, mylohyoid

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13
Q

The maxilla, zygomatic bone, squamous temporal bone, palatine, and volmer are the connective tissues (derived from neural crest) associated with the

A

Maxillary prominence of 1st pharyngeal arch

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14
Q

What is the nerual crest connective tissue associated with the mandibular prominance of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandible, malleus, and incus

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15
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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16
Q

What is the aortic arch of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

II (stapedial)

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17
Q

What are the mesodermal skeletal muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial expression muscles, stapedius, posterior digastric, and stylohyoid

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18
Q

The stapes, styloid process, lesser hgorn of hyoid bone, and upper body are neural crest connective tissues of the

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

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19
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

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20
Q

What is the aortic arch of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

III (part of internal carotid)

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21
Q

What is the mesodermal skeletal muscle of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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22
Q

What are the neural crest derived connective tissues of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Greater hgorn of hyoid and lower body

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23
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

X (Superior lingual of vagus)

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24
Q

What is the aortic arch of the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

IV (parts of right subclavian and aortic arch)

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25
Q

The soft palate muscles (except tensor) and the pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus and cricothyroid) are the mesodermal skeletal muscles of the

A

4th pharyngeal arch

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26
Q

What is the neural crest derived connective tissue of the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

Laryngeal cartilage

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27
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

X (recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus)

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28
Q

What is the aortic arch of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

VI (Ductus arteriosis and pulmonary)

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29
Q

What are the mesodermal skeletal muscles of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

Intrinsic laryngeal (except cricothyroid) and esophageal muscles

30
Q

What are the neural crest derived connective tissues of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

Laryngeal cartilage

31
Q

The stomodeum (primitive mouth) and pharynx meet at the oropharyngeal/buccopharyngeal membrane where the

A

Ectoderm meets endoderm without intervenin mesoderm

32
Q

The oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates, which allows for a continuouslumen between the

  1. ) Ectoderm lined?
  2. ) Endoderm lined?
A

1.) Stomodeum (primitive mouth) 2.) Foregut

33
Q

Derived from multiple pharyngeal arches and extends from the pharynx into the stomodeum

A

Tongue

34
Q

The epithelium covering the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the surrounding oral cavity are derived from

A

Ectoderm

35
Q

The glandular epithelium of the parotid gland is derived from

A

Ectoderm

36
Q

The epithelium covering the pharyngeal part fo the tongue (posterior 1/3) and surrounding oropharynx are derived from?

A

Endoderm

37
Q

The glandular epithelium of the submandibular and sublingual glands is derived from

A

Endoderm

38
Q

However, the supportive glandular stroma is derived from

A

Mesoderm-mesenchyme of associated arches

39
Q

For the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, the general sensory and taste information is conveyed through the

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

40
Q

It should be noted that some taste information in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is also provided by the

A

Vagus nerve

41
Q

The somatic MOTOR innervation to all skeletal muscles of the tongue (except the palatoglossus) is conveyed through the

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

42
Q

The Palatoglossus is innervated by the

A

Vagus nerve (X)

43
Q

Proliferates in the midline of the ventral wall of the pharynx to form the connective tissue that contains sensory nerves of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Tongue pharyngeal arch mesenchyme

44
Q

Tongue skeletal muscle forms from migrating myoblasts of

A

Occipital somitomeres

45
Q

Forms from the growth of the two lateral lingual swellings and a median lingual sweeling (tuberculum impar) in the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue

46
Q

Make up most of this growth and meet in the midline of the tongue as the median lingual sulcus

A

Lateral lingual swellings

47
Q

The lateral lingual swellings make up most of the growth of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and meet in the midline as the

A

Median lingual sulcus

48
Q

Failure of the lateral lingual swellings to completely fuse in the midline results in

A

Bifid tongue

49
Q

Forms from the hypopharyngeal eminence in the 3rd and 4rth pharyngeal arches

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

50
Q

Defines the boundary between the anterior and posterior tongue

A

Terminal sulcus

51
Q

The location of midline ventral endodermal envagination to form the thyroid gland

-at the root of the tongue

A

Foramen cecum (Thyroid diverticulum)

52
Q

Myoblasts from occipital somitomeres migrate to the developing tongue mesenchyme and drag the

-for somatic innervation

A

Hypoglossal nerve

53
Q

The face and palate formation begins anteriorly as 5 mesenchymal prominences (bumps) at about

A

4-5 weeks

54
Q

These mesenchymal prominences (bumps) surround the stomodeum and are covered by

A

Surface ectoderm

55
Q

Derived from the mesenchyme rostral to the pharyngeal arches and lies ventral to the forebrain and cranial stomodeum

A

The single midline Frontonasal prominence

56
Q

The single midline frontonasal prominence lies

  1. ) Ventral to the
  2. ) Cranial to the
A
  1. ) forebrain
  2. ) stomodeum
57
Q

The pair of maxillary prominences of the first pharyngeal arch lie LATERAL to the

A

Stomodeum

58
Q

The pair of mandibular prominences of the first pharyngeal arch lie CAUDAL to the

A

Stomodeum

59
Q

These prominences contain connective tissue-forming mesenchymal cells covered by

A

Epidermis-forming surface ectoderm

60
Q

As these prominences proliferate and migrate towards the midline, they form the

A

Face and palate

61
Q

Deformities of the lip and palate are described as anterior and/or posterior to the incisive foramen and may be

A

Unilateral or bilateral

62
Q

Bilateral surface ectoderm thickenings that develop on the frontonasal prominence

A

Nasal placodes

63
Q

Lateral and medial prominences surround each nasal placode and grow forward while the placodes remain stationary. This gives the impression of “invaginations” to form

A

Nasal cavities

64
Q

This nasal placode ectoderm will form the epithelium lining of nasal cavities, including the olfactory epithelium that is responsible for the sense of

A

Smell

65
Q

More specifically, surface-ectoderm nasal placodes form “pits” that become

A

Nasal cavities lined by nasal epithelium

66
Q

Frontonasal prominence mesenchyme develop as “rises” that will form

A

Midline structures (nose, philtrum of upper lip, primary palate)

67
Q

The “rises” surrounding the “pits” are called

A

Medial and lateral nasal prominences

68
Q

Fusion of themedial nasal prominences creates the intermaxillary segment that develops into the

A

Primary palate (anterior to incisive foramen)

69
Q

Proliferation of the adjacent maxillary prominences “pushes” the midline fusion of the medial nasal prominences to form the

A

Intermaxillary segment

70
Q

The frontonasal prominence also gives rise to

A

Forehead and nasal septum

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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