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Structure and Function Test 1 > Mechanisms of Deglutiton and Phonation: The Pharynx > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Deglutiton and Phonation: The Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The superior end of the respiratory and digestive tubes and is active in the process of deglutition (swallowing)

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

The pharynx forms the posteriolateral walls of the

A

Nasal and oral cavities, and the larynx

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3
Q

the pharngeal wall consists of which five layers from external to internal?

A
  1. ) Buccopharyngeal fascia
  2. ) Muscle layer
  3. ) Pharyngobasilar fascia
  4. ) Submucosa
  5. ) Mucous membrane
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4
Q

The muscle layer is made up of which two parts?

A
  1. ) Outter circular part

2. ) Inner longitudinal part

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5
Q

The outer circular part of the muscle layer is the

A

Constrictors

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6
Q

What are the three muscles of the inner longitudinal layer?

A

Palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus

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7
Q

Covers the muscles externally and forms the posterior layer of the pretrachial fascia

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

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8
Q

Covers the muscles internally and helps anchor the pharynx to the base of the skull

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

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9
Q

The constrictors are three overlapping skeletal muscles that form the outer circular muscle layer and constricts the pharyngeal wall during swallowing. What are these three muscles?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles

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10
Q

What are the origins of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

PTerygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, and mandible

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11
Q

What is the insertion of ALL THREE constrictors?

A

Median Raphe

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12
Q

What are the origins of the middle constrictor?

A

Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone

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13
Q

What are the origins of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Thyroid and cricoid cartilages

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the three constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

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15
Q

Three skeletal muscles that form the inner muscle layer of the pharynx and serve to elevate the pharynx during swallowing

A

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

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16
Q

As the longitudinal muscles elevate the pharynx, what happens to the pharynx?

A

It widens and shortens

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17
Q

What is the insertion of ALL THREE longitudinal muscles?

A

Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall

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18
Q

What is the origin of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Soft Palate

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19
Q

What is the origin of the Salpingopharyngeus?

A

Auditory tube

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20
Q

What is the origin of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Styloid process

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21
Q

The palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are BOTH innervated by the

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

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22
Q

The stylopharyngeus is innervated by the

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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23
Q

How many gaps associate with the pharynx that transmit structures to the internal compartments of the pharynx?

A

Four

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24
Q

Located between the base of the skull and the superior constrictor muscle

A

Gap 1

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25
Q

Located between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

A

Gap 2

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26
Q

Located between the middle and inferior constrictor muscles

A

Gap 3

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27
Q

Located between the inferior constrictor muscle and the esophagus

A

Gap 4

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28
Q

When you go through gap 1, what compartment do you enter?

A

Nasopharynx

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29
Q

When you go through gap 2, what compartment do you enter?

A

Oropharynx

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30
Q

When you go through gaps 3 and 4, what compartment do you enter?

A

Laryngopharynx

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31
Q

What does gap 1 transmit?

A

Cartilaginous part of auditory tube, levator palati muscle, and ascending palatine artery

32
Q

What does gap 2 transmit?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylohyoid ligament

33
Q

What does gap 3 transmit?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve, and the superior laryngeal artery and vein

34
Q

What does gap 4 transmit?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal artery and vein

35
Q

What are the 3 pharyngeal compartments?

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx

36
Q

What is the superior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Roof of nasal cavity

37
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Soft palat

38
Q

What is the superior boundary of the Oropharynx?

A

Soft palate

39
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the Oropharynx?

A

Epiglottis

40
Q

What is the superior boundary of the Laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis

41
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the Laryngopharynx?

A

Esophagus

42
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

Respiratory

43
Q

What is the function of the Oropharynx and LAryngopharynx?

A

Digestion

44
Q

The pharyngeal tonsils, auditory tube, ascending palatine artery, levator palati, tensor palati, and salpingopharyngeus muscle are all structures of the

A

Nasopharynx

45
Q

The palatine tonsils, uvula, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch, epiglottis, stylopharyngeus muscle, and GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve are all structures of the

A

Oropharynx

46
Q

The piriform recess, internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves, and superior and inferior laryngeal avs are all major structures of the

A

Laryngopharynx

47
Q

Deglutition is a complex process in which food is masticated, formed into a bolus, and passed from oral cavity to pharynx to esophagus to stomach. It involves cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X, and XII

48
Q

Deglutition is divided into which two phases?

A
  1. ) Voluntary

2. ) Involuntary

49
Q

What is phase one?

A

Food is chewed, saliva is secreted, tongue moves food around the mouth forming a bolus, and tongue pushes bolus to pharyngeal mucosa (where it begins phase 2)

50
Q

The food is chewed using the muscles of mastication which are controlled by

A

CN V

51
Q

The position of food between the molars is maintained by

A

Sensory fibers of the cheek (CN V) and buccinator muscle (CN VII)

52
Q

Saliva is secreted by the parotid, which is controlled by

A

CN IX

53
Q

Serve to moisten the food and begin the digestive process

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands (CN VII)

54
Q

The food is tasted on the tongue by

A

CNs VII and IX

55
Q

The tongue moves the moistened food around in the mouth forming a bolus by pressing it against the hard and soft palates. This is controlled by

A

CN XII

56
Q

In phase II, the bolus of the food contacting the pharyngeal mucosa initiates a

A

Reflex response

57
Q

Stimulates a number of motor responses

A

Sensory limb of reflex (CN IX)

58
Q

What are the three motor responses stimulated by the sensory limb of the reflex in phase II?

A
  1. ) Sealing off the nasopharynx
  2. ) Sealing off the larynx
  3. ) Preparing the pharynx to receive the bolus
59
Q

The sealing off of the nasopharynx prevents food from entering the nasal cavity and is done by contracting

A

Levator palati (CN X) and Tensor Palati (CN V)

60
Q

Sealing off of the larynx is done by?

A

Elevating the hyoid bone (CN V, VII) and larynx (CN IX, X) and using the tongue to push the epiglottis over the larynx (CN XII)

61
Q

When the pharynx is elevated it becomes shorter and wider, thus more receptive to the

A

Food bolus

62
Q

When the bolus enters the pharynx, the pharynx moves the bolus posterior to the larynx and esophagus by beginning a series of

A

Peristaltic-like contractions (CN X)

63
Q

In phase 1, what is the sensory function of CN V?

A

Food position in mouth and on tongue

64
Q

In phase I, what is the MOTOR function of CN V

A

Mastication

65
Q

In Phase I, what is the SENSORY function of CN VII

A

Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

66
Q

In phase I, what is the MOTOR function of CN VII

A

Purses lips

67
Q

In phase I, what is the secretomotor function of CN VII

A

Submandibular and sublingual gland secretion

68
Q

In phase I, what is the SENSORY function of CN IX

A

Senses presence of bolus on pharynx and tongue

69
Q

In phase I, what is the SPECIAL SENSORY function of CN IX

A

Taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

70
Q

In phase I, what is the MOTOR function of CN XII

A

Tongue movement forming bolus and pushing it posteriorly

71
Q

In phase II, what is the MOTOR function f CN V?

A

Elevation of hyoid, tenses soft palate

72
Q

In phase II, what is the MOTOR function of CN VII

A

Elevation of hyoid

73
Q

In phase II, what is the SENSORY function of CN IX?

A

Sense presence of bolus on pharynx and initiates swallow reflex

74
Q

In phase II, what is the MOTOR function of CN IX?

A

Elevation of pharynx via stylopharyngeus muscle

75
Q

In phase II, what is the MOTOR function of CN X?

A

Elevation of soft palate, elevation, shortening, and widening of pharynx

76
Q

In phase II, what is the MOTOR function of CN XII?

A

Tongue movement pushing bolus posteriorly causing epiglottis to close over larynx

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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