Power Point Notes Flashcards by Joel Glotfelty

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducans
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear 
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal

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The trigeminal nerve (V) is branched into what three divisions?

V1 Opthalmic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular

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What 3 cranial nerves are sensory only?

Olfactory (O), Optic (II), and Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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Which cranial nerves are motor only?

Occulomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducans (VI), Accessory (XI), and Hypoglossal (XII)

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Which cranial nerves are a mix of sensory and motor fibers?

Tigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), and Vagus (X)

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The tip of the hyoid bone is located at which cervical level?

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Faciliatates movement of respiratory and alimentary tracts and limits and directs spread of infection pus

Deep cervical fascia

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Envagination of the prevertebral fascia

Axillary Sheath

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Located between the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

Retropharyngeal space

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Connects infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

Pterygomaxillary fissure

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The olfactory nerve (I) Travels in the

Cribiform plate

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The optic nerve (II) Travels in the

Optic canal

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Travel through the superior orbital fissure

Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI

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Travels through the foramen Rotundum

Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve (V2)

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Travels through the foramen ovale

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

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Travels through the internal auditory meatus

Facial (VII) and Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves

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Travel through the jugular foramen

Glosopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), and Spinal accessory (XI) Nerves

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Travels through the Hypoglossal Canal

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

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The middle cranial fossa communicates with the

Orbit, Pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa

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What are two connections between the middle cranial fossa and the orbit?

Optic canal and superior orbital fissure

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Comes in below the tongue and innervates intrinsic tongue muscles

Hypoglossal nerve

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Has motor innervation to muscles of mastication and is the primary sensory nerve of the face

CN V

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What are the only three cranial nerves that pass through more than one bony opening?

CNs V, VII, and IX

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9 of the 12 cranial nerves go through a

Single opening

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What are the ONLY cranial nerves that carry preganglionic fibers?

CNs III, VII, IX, and X

The platysma is innervated by the

Facial laryngeal nerve (VII)

Used when we sniff because they pull up on the ribs

Scalene muscles

Space between the anterior and middle scalene that the proximal portion of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through

Scalene interval

Facilitates movement between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

Retropharyngeal space

Right common caroitd branches off of

Brachiocephalic trunk

The left common carotid arises

On its own

Which nerve responds to the information that the glossopharyngeal nerve sends to the CNS from the carotid body and sius?

CN X

What is the gold standard for treating atherosclerosis?

Carotid endarterectomy

What is a possible symptom of a patient with carotid stenosis?

Fainting spells

Venous return from branches of the external carotid mostly go to the

Internal jugular vein

Courses lateral to the carotids and just superior to the hyoid bone

Hyoglossal nerve

For ALL sympathetic distribution to the head. The preganglionic fibers ascend the sympathetic chain, synapse in superior cervical ganglion, and then exit via a

Perivascular nerve

Located posteromedial to the vagus nerve

Sympathetic trunk

Absolutely essential glands that monitor calcium levels in the blood to make sure muscles work

Parathyroid glands

In an emergency, to open the airway, we want to puncture the -thyroid is not here so less blood

Cricothyroid membrane

However, a cricothyrotomy can damage the

Voal cords

When doing a thyroidectomy, you want to be careful not to hit the -Innervates voice box

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

The superior petrosal sinus leads to the junction of the

Transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus

Made up of the thalamus and hypothalamus -The location of the third ventricle of the brain

Diencephalon

Kids with spina bifida w/ meningeal myocele always have this - Causes hydrocephalus - Cerebellum and medulla are below the foramen magnum

Arnold-chiari malformation

Connects Carotid arteries to vertebral arteries

Posterior communicating arteries

Common sight of ischemic stroke

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

One of the most common places for a cerebral aneurysm (40%) is at the connection of the

Anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery

The second most common sight of cerebral aneurysm (34%) is at the lateral bifurcation of the

Middle cerebral artery

The third most common sight of a cerebral aneurysm (20%) is where the internal carotid bifurcates into the

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating artery

What are the major blood vessels of the infratemporal fossa?

Maxillary artery and pterygoid venousplexus

What are the components of the upper aerodigestive tract?

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

What are the functions of the upper aerodigestive tract?

Deglutition, phonation, respiration, and articulation

Separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx

Palatoglossal arch

The tongue is broken into the

Apex, body, and root

The anterior 2/3 is separated from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue by the

Sulcus terminalis (where the vallate papillae are)

What are the four extrinsic tongue muscles?

Palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus

All extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus are innervated by

CN XII

The palatoglossus is innervated by

CN X

Important in depressing and flattening the tongue on the floor of the mouth

Hypoglossus

Helps to elevate and retract the tongue

Styloglossus

Allows us to stick our tongue out from the oral cavity (protract)

Genioglossus

The mucous membrane of the pharynx is innervated by

CN IX

Communicates with the nasal cavity via Choanae

Nasopharynx

Communicates w/ middle ear via Eustacian tube

Nasopharynx

The nasopharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

Superior constrictor muscle

The nasopharynx contains the

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and Auditory tube

What are the three muscles that move the soft palate?

1. ) Tensor palati (CN V3) 2. ) Uvula (CN X) 3. ) Levator Palati (CN X)

The oropharynx communicates with the oral cavity via the

Faucial isthmus (throat)

The oropharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

Middle constrictor

What are the contents of the Oropharynx?

Palatine tonsils, palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, tonsillar artery, glossopharyngeal nerve

The laryngopharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

Inferior constrictor muscle

In an infant, the uvula and epiglottis approximate and lock, allowing

Simultaneous sucking of milk and breathing

Contact between the epiglottis and the soft palate at birth provides a channel from the nose through the nasal cavities, nasal pharynx, larynx, and trachea to the

Lungs

In a baby, food sasses on either side of the inter locked larynx into the

Piriform recesses and esophagus

Abducts the vocal folds

Posterior Cricoarytendoid muscles

Adduct the vocal folds

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

Lengthen and tense the vocal folds

Cricothyroid muscles

Relaxes the vocal folds

Vocalis muscles

What are the three aspects of speech?

1. ) Phonation 2. ) Resonance 3. ) Articulation

Generation of sound via vocal fold vibration

Phonation

Vocal pitch is controlled by changes in

Vocal fold length and tension

Induction of vibration in chest, pharynx, and head

Resonance

Controlled by altering shape and volume of pharynx, raising or lowering pharynx, and varying the amount of sound transmission through the nasopharynx and nose

Resonance

Controlled by lips, tongue, palate, and pharynx

Articulation

What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

To stimulate mucous and lacrimal glands

The Preganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion are located in the

Greater petrosal nerve (VII)

In Tongue development, what do we get from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

2 lateral and 1 median lingual swellings

In tongue development, what do we get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Copula

In the tongue development, what comes from the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches?

Hypopharyngeal eminence

The palate is the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity. It is separated into primary and secondary palate which are divided by the

Incisive foramen