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Structure and Function Test 1 > Power Point Notes > Flashcards

Power Point Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducans
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear 
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
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2
Q

The trigeminal nerve (V) is branched into what three divisions?

A

V1 Opthalmic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular

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3
Q

What 3 cranial nerves are sensory only?

A

Olfactory (O), Optic (II), and Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor only?

A

Occulomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducans (VI), Accessory (XI), and Hypoglossal (XII)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are a mix of sensory and motor fibers?

A

Tigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), and Vagus (X)

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6
Q

The tip of the hyoid bone is located at which cervical level?

A

C3

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7
Q

Faciliatates movement of respiratory and alimentary tracts and limits and directs spread of infection pus

A

Deep cervical fascia

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8
Q

Envagination of the prevertebral fascia

A

Axillary Sheath

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9
Q

Located between the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

A

Retropharyngeal space

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10
Q

Connects infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

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11
Q

The olfactory nerve (I) Travels in the

A

Cribiform plate

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12
Q

The optic nerve (II) Travels in the

A

Optic canal

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13
Q

Travel through the superior orbital fissure

A

Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI

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14
Q

Travels through the foramen Rotundum

A

Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve (V2)

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15
Q

Travels through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

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16
Q

Travels through the internal auditory meatus

A

Facial (VII) and Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves

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17
Q

Travel through the jugular foramen

A

Glosopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), and Spinal accessory (XI) Nerves

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18
Q

Travels through the Hypoglossal Canal

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

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19
Q

The middle cranial fossa communicates with the

A

Orbit, Pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa

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20
Q

What are two connections between the middle cranial fossa and the orbit?

A

Optic canal and superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

Comes in below the tongue and innervates intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

Has motor innervation to muscles of mastication and is the primary sensory nerve of the face

A

CN V

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23
Q

What are the only three cranial nerves that pass through more than one bony opening?

A

CNs V, VII, and IX

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24
Q

9 of the 12 cranial nerves go through a

A

Single opening

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25
Q

What are the ONLY cranial nerves that carry preganglionic fibers?

A

CNs III, VII, IX, and X

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26
Q

The platysma is innervated by the

A

Facial laryngeal nerve (VII)

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27
Q

Used when we sniff because they pull up on the ribs

A

Scalene muscles

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28
Q

Space between the anterior and middle scalene that the proximal portion of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through

A

Scalene interval

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29
Q

Facilitates movement between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

A

Retropharyngeal space

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30
Q

Right common caroitd branches off of

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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31
Q

The left common carotid arises

A

On its own

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32
Q

Which nerve responds to the information that the glossopharyngeal nerve sends to the CNS from the carotid body and sius?

A

CN X

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33
Q

What is the gold standard for treating atherosclerosis?

A

Carotid endarterectomy

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34
Q

What is a possible symptom of a patient with carotid stenosis?

A

Fainting spells

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35
Q

Venous return from branches of the external carotid mostly go to the

A

Internal jugular vein

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36
Q

Courses lateral to the carotids and just superior to the hyoid bone

A

Hyoglossal nerve

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37
Q

For ALL sympathetic distribution to the head. The preganglionic fibers ascend the sympathetic chain, synapse in superior cervical ganglion, and then exit via a

A

Perivascular nerve

38
Q

Located posteromedial to the vagus nerve

A

Sympathetic trunk

39
Q

Absolutely essential glands that monitor calcium levels in the blood to make sure muscles work

A

Parathyroid glands

40
Q

In an emergency, to open the airway, we want to puncture the

-thyroid is not here so less blood

A

Cricothyroid membrane

41
Q

However, a cricothyrotomy can damage the

A

Voal cords

42
Q

When doing a thyroidectomy, you want to be careful not to hit the

-Innervates voice box

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

43
Q

The superior petrosal sinus leads to the junction of the

A

Transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus

44
Q

Made up of the thalamus and hypothalamus

-The location of the third ventricle of the brain

A

Diencephalon

45
Q

Kids with spina bifida w/ meningeal myocele always have this

  • Causes hydrocephalus
  • Cerebellum and medulla are below the foramen magnum
A

Arnold-chiari malformation

46
Q

Connects Carotid arteries to vertebral arteries

A

Posterior communicating arteries

47
Q

Common sight of ischemic stroke

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

48
Q

One of the most common places for a cerebral aneurysm (40%) is at the connection of the

A

Anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery

49
Q

The second most common sight of cerebral aneurysm (34%) is at the lateral bifurcation of the

A

Middle cerebral artery

50
Q

The third most common sight of a cerebral aneurysm (20%) is where the internal carotid bifurcates into the

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating artery

51
Q

What are the major blood vessels of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxillary artery and pterygoid venousplexus

52
Q

What are the components of the upper aerodigestive tract?

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

53
Q

What are the functions of the upper aerodigestive tract?

A

Deglutition, phonation, respiration, and articulation

54
Q

Separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx

A

Palatoglossal arch

55
Q

The tongue is broken into the

A

Apex, body, and root

56
Q

The anterior 2/3 is separated from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue by the

A

Sulcus terminalis (where the vallate papillae are)

57
Q

What are the four extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus

58
Q

All extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus are innervated by

A

CN XII

59
Q

The palatoglossus is innervated by

A

CN X

60
Q

Important in depressing and flattening the tongue on the floor of the mouth

A

Hypoglossus

61
Q

Helps to elevate and retract the tongue

A

Styloglossus

62
Q

Allows us to stick our tongue out from the oral cavity (protract)

A

Genioglossus

63
Q

The mucous membrane of the pharynx is innervated by

A

CN IX

64
Q

Communicates with the nasal cavity via Choanae

A

Nasopharynx

65
Q

Communicates w/ middle ear via Eustacian tube

A

Nasopharynx

66
Q

The nasopharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

A

Superior constrictor muscle

67
Q

The nasopharynx contains the

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and Auditory tube

68
Q

What are the three muscles that move the soft palate?

A
  1. ) Tensor palati (CN V3)
  2. ) Uvula (CN X)
  3. ) Levator Palati (CN X)
69
Q

The oropharynx communicates with the oral cavity via the

A

Faucial isthmus (throat)

70
Q

The oropharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

A

Middle constrictor

71
Q

What are the contents of the Oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils, palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, tonsillar artery, glossopharyngeal nerve

72
Q

The laryngopharynx is bound posterolaterally by the

A

Inferior constrictor muscle

73
Q

In an infant, the uvula and epiglottis approximate and lock, allowing

A

Simultaneous sucking of milk and breathing

74
Q

Contact between the epiglottis and the soft palate at birth provides a channel from the nose through the nasal cavities, nasal pharynx, larynx, and trachea to the

A

Lungs

75
Q

In a baby, food sasses on either side of the inter locked larynx into the

A

Piriform recesses and esophagus

76
Q

Abducts the vocal folds

A

Posterior Cricoarytendoid muscles

77
Q

Adduct the vocal folds

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

78
Q

Lengthen and tense the vocal folds

A

Cricothyroid muscles

79
Q

Relaxes the vocal folds

A

Vocalis muscles

80
Q

What are the three aspects of speech?

A
  1. ) Phonation
  2. ) Resonance
  3. ) Articulation
81
Q

Generation of sound via vocal fold vibration

A

Phonation

82
Q

Vocal pitch is controlled by changes in

A

Vocal fold length and tension

83
Q

Induction of vibration in chest, pharynx, and head

A

Resonance

84
Q

Controlled by altering shape and volume of pharynx, raising or lowering pharynx, and varying the amount of sound transmission through the nasopharynx and nose

A

Resonance

85
Q

Controlled by lips, tongue, palate, and pharynx

A

Articulation

86
Q

What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

To stimulate mucous and lacrimal glands

87
Q

The Preganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion are located in the

A

Greater petrosal nerve (VII)

88
Q

In Tongue development, what do we get from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

2 lateral and 1 median lingual swellings

89
Q

In tongue development, what do we get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Copula

90
Q

In the tongue development, what comes from the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches?

A

Hypopharyngeal eminence

91
Q

The palate is the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity. It is separated into primary and secondary palate which are divided by the

A

Incisive foramen

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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